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© 2019 Franzis Verlag GmbH, Richard-Reitzner-Allee 2,  
85540 Haar bei München 

 

www.franzis.de

Author: Burkhard Kainka
Idea/concept: Michael Büge, Burkhard Kainka
Copy editor: Richard Korff Schmising
Art & design cover: 

www.ideehochzwei.de

Layout & composition: Nelli Ferderer 

 

[email protected]

ISBN 978-3-645-15062-2

2019/01

Picture credits

Drawings created with 

http://fritzing.org/

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of electronic media. The preparation of distribution of copies on paper, on data carriers 
or online, especially as PDF, is only allowed with the explicit permission of the publisher 
and will be prosecuted otherwise.
Most product and company names as well as company logos included in this work are 
generally also registered trademarks and must be treated as such. For product names, 
the publisher generally follows the manufacturer’s spelling.
All projects and experiments presented in this book were developed, reviewed and 
tested with the greatest possible care. However, errors in this book cannot be com-
pletely excluded. The publisher and the author are liable for cases of intention or gross 
negligence, according to the legal provisions.
Moreover, the publisher and the author are also liable in accordance with the product 
liability law in case of damage to life, body or health or in case of culpable violations 
of the contract. The damage claim related to considerable violations of the contract is 
limited to damage typical for the contract unless a case of mandatory liability accord-
ing to the product liability law applies.

This product was made in accordance with the applicable European directives 
and, therefore, carries the CE certificate. The intended use is described in the 

enclosed instructions. You are solely responsible for adherence to applicable regulations 
in case of any other use or modification of the product. Therefore, construct the experi-
ments exactly as it is described in the instructions. The product must only be passed on 
together with the instructions and this notice.

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Содержание 1968203

Страница 1: ...ALTER 8 24 thrilling experiments 24 projets passionnants 24 boeiende projecten 24 progetti entusiasmanti 24 fascynuj ce projekty...

Страница 2: ...s book cannot be com pletely excluded The publisher and the author are liable for cases of intention or gross negligence according to the legal provisions Moreover the publisher and the author are als...

Страница 3: ...distance because a direct look can cause retinal damage This is especially true for bright LEDs in clear housings and especially for power LEDs With white blue violet and ultraviolet LEDs the apparen...

Страница 4: ...xperiment a plug in board a battery clip a switch and a fuse For the first experiment there is also a resistor and a light emitting diode LED The battery cable must be fastened as firmly as possible s...

Страница 5: ...in this manual do not necessarily have to be observed in order to set up the experiments successfully But they can help you understand everything better A circuit diagram shows the connections of the...

Страница 6: ...around the power will always be on When the LED lights up as soon as you press the button it is correctly installed Use the light button for Morse messages or for secret signs that no one else knows...

Страница 7: ...the same The battery voltage of 9 V is divided between three users The red LED has 1 8 V the green LED has 2 2 V and the resistor has 5 V If all partial voltages are added up we get a total voltage o...

Страница 8: ...0 1 brown 1 1 10 1 red 2 2 100 2 orange 3 3 1000 yellow 4 4 10000 green 5 5 100000 0 5 blue 6 6 1000000 violet 7 7 10000000 grey 8 8 white 9 9 gold 0 1 5 silver 0 01 10 4 Open the 4th door and remove...

Страница 9: ...t there is another very important measurement The electrical current is measured in amperes A or in milliamperes for small currents mA 1 1000 A All these names come from famous researchers who were th...

Страница 10: ...us researcher Michael Faraday The smaller units are microfarad F nano farad nF and picofarad pF The label 104 stands for 1 0 0000 i e 100 000 Picofarad 100 000 pF 100 nF On the sixth day on your calen...

Страница 11: ...s 7 The PTC fuse All your experiments are secured by a fuse to help if a mistake occurs If you accidentally short circuit a cable it could become glowing hot or the battery could heat up break or even...

Страница 12: ...ed the disc bends slightly This creates a noise Open the 8th door and discover a small piezo speaker with two wires The connecting wires are very thin and soft and must therefore be protected just lik...

Страница 13: ...It has 1 000 k Kiloohm so a 1 M Megaohm This very large resistor provides a very small current that only slowly charges the piezo transducer Open and close the contact several times Both LEDs will cle...

Страница 14: ...to electrical energy The same component functions as a speaker microphone and electrical generator Therefore it is also called a piezoelectric sound transducer Deformation owing to pressure on the mem...

Страница 15: ...ances are added to the pure silicon Depending on the type of these substances N silicon or P silicon is obtained There are three layers in your transistor NPN Other types have a different layer sequen...

Страница 16: ...generated current while the red LED shows the current amplified by the transistor Behind the 12th door you will find a resistor marked 330 k Orange Orange Yellow Integrate it into this amplifier circ...

Страница 17: ...ls are directly connected and the emitter of the first transistor leads to the base of the second transistor This circuit is called a Darlington circuit With this a touch switch will be built here If...

Страница 18: ...n addition the push button switch is also installed You can turn on the light quickly and let it go out slowly over half an hour 14 Photodiode Each diode consists of a semiconductor with a PN barrier...

Страница 19: ...ircuit In addition a very small base current is needed which the is supplied by the yellow LED depending on the lighting In addition there are buttons for continuous light Wait a while until the red a...

Страница 20: ...red LED lights up brighter when more light falls on the photo transistor The red LED goes out in complete darkness Like a normal transistor the phototransistor has an emitter long wire and a collecto...

Страница 21: ...won t turn on by itself when you pull the paper out But it only takes a short flash of light or the light of a lamp to switch it on again You can place the circuit in a dark room and after a while fin...

Страница 22: ...is a circuit that can have two stable states The existing state remains stored as long as you do not intentionally change it The flip flop is therefore also an information memory In this case only one...

Страница 23: ...place a small weight on the diaphragm It could be an eraser or a coin for example Then gently tap the table The LED will flicker brightly Even the smallest vibrations of the floor can be displayed whe...

Страница 24: ...w much deeper and more like a rattling The sound can be changed by partially holding the sound hole of the speaker The LED seems to light up evenly But if you make a quick movement with your eyes you...

Страница 25: ...scillator A circuit that generates vibrations independently is also called an oscillator Oscillators are important circuits in electronics and computer technology In a computer many components work in...

Страница 26: ...o needs a resistor in series The piezo speaker is also connected for this test You ll hear strange sounds when the colours switch Sometimes the controller creates a kind of flashing light Then all you...

Страница 27: ...is built in to switch off the flickering at high brightness With this you can build 24 a Christmas LED lamp that only becomes active in the dark The lights look like sparkling stars and flickering ca...

Страница 28: ...7 GTIN 4019631150622 Made in P R China 2019 Franzis Verlag GmbH Richard Reitzner Allee 2 D 85540 Haar Germany 2019 01 N 1968203 MAKERFACTORY distributed by Conrad Electronic SE Klaus Conrad Str 1 9224...

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