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Page 8

Amplifier

VCO

RF Out

Band Pass

Filter

28kHz Low Pass

Filter

Data

In

PLL

4MHz

Int. Osc.

MODE

CS0
CS1
CS2

12MHz

Crystal

Modulator

Figure 14: HP-3 Series Transmitter Block Diagram

THEORY OF OPERATION

The TXM-HP3 is a high-performance, multi-channel RF transmitter capable of
transmitting both analog (FM) and digital (FSK) information. FM/FSK modulation
offers significant advantages over AM or OOK modulation methods including
increased noise immunity and the receiver's ability to "capture" in the presence of
multiple signals. This is especially helpful in crowded bands like those in which the
HP-3 operates.

Let's take a brief look at each transmitter section. A precision 12.00MHz Voltage-
Controlled Crystal Oscillator (VCXO) serves as the frequency reference for the
transmitter. Incoming signals are filtered to limit their bandwidth and then used to
directly modulate this reference. Direct reference modulation inside the loop
bandwidth allows a fast startup while allowing a wide modulation bandwidth and
near DC modulation capability. This results in accurate reproduction of analog
and digital content and eliminates the need for code balancing.

The modulated 12.00MHz reference frequency is applied to the Phase-Locked
Loop (PLL). The PLL, combined with a 902-928MHz VCO, forms a stable
frequency synthesizer that can be programmed to oscillate at the desired
transmit frequency. An on-board micro-controller manages the PLL programming
functions and greatly simplifies user interface. The micro-controller reads the
channel-selection lines and programs the on-board synthesizer. This frees the
designer from complex programming requirements and allows for manual or
software channel selection. The micro-controller also monitors the status of the
PLL and indicates when the transmitter is stable and ready to transmit data by
raising the CTS line high.

The PLL locked carrier is amplified and buffered to isolate the VCO from the
antenna and to increase the output power of the transmitter. The output of the
buffer amplifier is connected to a filter network which suppresses harmonic
emissions. Finally, the signal reaches the single-ended antenna port, which is
matched to 50 ohms to support commonly available antennas, such as those
manufactured by Linx.

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Содержание HP-3 series

Страница 1: ...tion straightforward even for engineers without prior R F experience HIGH PERFORMANCE RF MODULE TXM 900 HP3 R evised 7 2 03 FEATURES 8 parallel 100 serial PS Versions User S electable Channels Precision Frequency S ynthesized Architecture FM FS K Modulation For Outstanding Performance and Noise Immunity Transparent Analog Digital Interface High Data R ate up to 56k Wide R ange Analog Capability In...

Страница 2: ...PLY Input Voltage VCC 2 8 13 0 VDC Supply Current ICC 14 17 mA 1 Power Down Current IPDN 15 µA 2 TRANSMIT SECTION Transmit Frequency Range FC 902 62 927 62 MHz 3 Center Frequency Accuracy 50 50 kHz Available Channels 8 Par 100 Ser 4 Channel Spacing 250 kHz Occupied Bandwidth 115 140 kHz Output Power 3 0 3 dBm 5 Spurious Emissions 45 dBm 6 Harmonic Emissions 60 47 dBm 6 Data Bandwidth 100 56 000 bp...

Страница 3: ...nction of this device CAUTION This product incorporates numerous static sensitive components Always wear an ESD wrist strap and observe proper ESD handling procedures when working with this device Failure to observe this precaution may result in module damage or failure Figure 5 TX Powerup to Valid RX Analog Figure 3 Power Up To CTS TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Figure 8 Square Wave Modulation Linear...

Страница 4: ...8 16V Power Down Active Low Digital Analog Input See text Inputting Digital Data CS2 Mode CTS Out GND RF ANT Out CS0 CS1 SS CLOCK CS2 SS DATA PDN CTS GND MODE Analog In Data In VCC 1 3 13 20 2 5 6 7 9 8 11 12 4 14 19 21 24 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 9 10 8 25K 25K 25K 100K 160K 510K 20pF 50 RF Out PDN 430K VIN SMD Pinned N C SMD Only No Connection 25K Page 4 PIN DESCRIPTION Figure 9 Pin Functions and Equiva...

Страница 5: ...ayout and the antenna recommendations contained elsewhere in this guide 0 628 0 070 0 100 0 060 060 3 10 060 030 Dia Finished Figure 11 Suggested PCB Footprint Surface Mount Transmitter Pinned Transmitter Figure 10 Transmitter Physical Package ENCAPSULATION NOTICE In some applications the designer may wish to encapsulate the product s circuit board Among the common reasons for doing so are environ...

Страница 6: ...me production If the recommended pad placement has been followed the pad on the board will extend slightly past the edge of the module Touch both the PCB pad and the module castellation with a fine soldering tip Tack one module corner first then work around the remaining attachment points being careful not to exceed the solder times listed below Care should be taken especially when hand soldering ...

Страница 7: ...he modules themselves Shock During Reflow Transport Since some internal module components may reflow along with the components placed on the board being assembled it is imperative that the module not be subjected to shock or vibration during the time solder is liquidus Washability The modules are wash resistant but are not hermetically sealed Linx recommends wash free manufacturing techniques howe...

Страница 8: ... capability This results in accurate reproduction of analog and digital content and eliminates the need for code balancing The modulated 12 00MHz reference frequency is applied to the Phase Locked Loop PLL The PLL combined with a 902 928MHz VCO forms a stable frequency synthesizer that can be programmed to oscillate at the desired transmit frequency An on board micro controller manages the PLL pro...

Страница 9: ...the transmitter to the antenna should be kept as short as possible For runs greater than 1 4 inch use 50 ohm coax or a 50 ohm microstrip transmission line as shown below Handy software for calculating microstrip lines is available on the Linx website www linxtechnologies com The typical output power of the HP 3 transmitter is right at Part 15 limits Sometimes it is necessary to slightly attenuate ...

Страница 10: ...ernal channel selection lines parallel mode or serial channel input serial mode and sets the frequency synthesizer to the appropriate channel Figure 3 on page 3 shows the typical turn on response time for an HP 3 transmitter When the frequency synthesizer has locked on to the proper channel frequency the circuit is ready to accept data This is acknowledged by the CTS line transitioning high The mo...

Страница 11: ...25µs T2 5µs T3 8µs T4 5µs Data Clock T0 1ms T0 Minimum time between packets or prior to data startup 1mS min T1 Data LO Clock HI to Data LO Clock LO 25µS min T2 Clock LO to Clock HI 5µS min T3 Clock HI to Clock LO 8µS min T4 Data HI Clock HI 5µS min Total Packet Time 157µS min 1 Loading begins when clock line is high and data line is taken low 2 Ensure that the edge is fully risen prior to the hig...

Страница 12: ... to the DATA pin determines the carrier deviation distortion can occur if the DATA pin is over driven The actual level of the input waveform should be adjusted to achieve optimum in circuit results for your application The illustration above shows the simplicity of transmitting audio with the HP 3 transmitter In applications where higher audio quality is required an external compandor such as a Ph...

Страница 13: ...always important to think of an RF link as a total system taking into account both the transmitter and receiver characteristics The incoming data must not only be compatible with the transmitter but also within the capability of the receiver to reproduce it For example if the transmitter were sending a 255 0FF hex continuously the receiver would view the stream of high bits as a DC level The recei...

Страница 14: ... in any manner This transparency gives the designer tremendous flexibility in the structure of a protocol Of course the performance and reliability of the link are dependent on the quality of external software and hardware To properly apply the transmitter it is critical to understand the differences between a wired and a wireless environment At each point in the system there are timing and data c...

Страница 15: ...ent will be lost There are two major timing considerations the engineer must be aware of when designing with the HP 3 Series transmitter These are shown in the table below Remember the stated timing parameters assume a stable supply of 2 8 volts or greater They do not include the charging times of external capacitance on the module s supply lines the overhead of external software execution or powe...

Страница 16: ...e but its effects can be minimized by better understanding its characteristics Interference can manifest itself in many ways Low level interference will produce noise and hashing on the output and reduce the link s overall range Thanks to the capture properties of an FM system the receiver will still function when an intended signal is present at a higher level than the interference Another type o...

Страница 17: ...a surface area the overall length of the 1 4 wave radiating element and be oriented at a 90 angle Such an orientation is often not practical due to size and configuration constraints In these instances a designer must make the best use of the area available to create as much groundplane in proximity to the base of the antenna as possible In instances where the antenna is remotely located or the an...

Страница 18: ...ailable to the general public In cases where the antenna needs to be removable Linx offers a full line of connectors designed to comply with these requirements Figure 26 Linx Antennas Figure 27 Linx Connectors ANTENNA SHARING In cases where a transmitter and receiver module are combined to form a transceiver it is often advantageous to share a single antenna To accomplish this an antenna switch mu...

Страница 19: ...o care must be exercised in layout and placement A loop or trace style antenna is normally printed directly on a product s PCB This makes it the most cost effective of antenna styles The element can be made self resonant or externally resonated with discrete components but its actual layout is usually product specific Despite its cost advantages PCB antenna styles are generally inefficient and use...

Страница 20: ...he product may require at the same time such as UL CLASS A B etc Once your completed product has passed you will be issued an ID number which is then clearly placed on each product manufactured Questions regarding interpretations of the Part 2 and Part 15 rules or measurement procedures used to test intentional radiators such as the HP 3 modules for compliance with the Part 15 technical standards ...

Страница 21: ...unusual for a high volume component manufacturer These services along with an exceptional level of technical support are offered because we recognize that RF is a complex science requiring the highest caliber of products and support Wireless Made Simple is more than just a motto it s our commitment By choosing Linx as your RF partner and taking advantage of the resources we offer you will not only...

Страница 22: ... 873 42 73 920 87 886 17 23 908 37 873 67 74 921 12 886 42 24 908 62 873 92 75 921 37 886 67 25 908 87 874 17 76 921 62 886 92 26 909 12 874 42 77 921 87 887 17 27 909 37 874 67 78 922 12 887 42 28 909 62 874 92 79 922 37 887 67 29 909 87 875 17 80 922 62 887 92 30 910 12 875 42 81 922 87 888 17 31 910 37 875 67 82 923 12 888 42 32 910 62 875 92 83 923 37 888 67 33 910 87 876 17 84 923 62 888 92 3...

Страница 23: ... 50 12 5 030 2 57 55 33 44 67 4 419 2 20 60 19 39 81 3 946 1 90 64 52 35 48 3 570 1 65 68 38 31 62 3 010 1 26 74 88 25 12 2 615 0 97 80 05 19 95 2 323 0 75 84 15 15 85 2 100 0 58 87 41 12 59 1 925 0 46 90 00 10 00 1 433 0 14 96 84 3 16 1 222 0 04 99 00 1 00 1 119 0 01 99 68 0 32 1 065 0 00 99 90 0 10 1 034 0 00 99 97 0 03 1 020 0 00 99 99 0 01 MISMATCH CONVERSION TABLE NOTES ...

Страница 24: ...the suitability of any product for use in a specific application None of these devices is intended for use in applications of a critical nature where the safety of life or property is at risk The user assumes full liability for the use of product in such applications Under no conditions will Linx Technologies be responsible for losses arising from the use or failure of the device in any applicatio...

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