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© Keysight Technologies, Inc. 

2008-2016

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Manual Part Number

N9063-90001

Edition

Edition 1, February 2016

Supersedes: June 2015

Printed in USA/Malaysia

Published by:

Keysight Technologies

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Содержание N9000B CXA

Страница 1: ... Analog Demod Measurement Application Measurement Guide Keysight X Series Signal Analyzer This manual provides documentation for the following Analyzers N9040B UXA N9030B PXA N9020B MXA N9010B EXA N9000B CXA ...

Страница 2: ... Software to U S government customers under its standard commercial license which is embodied in its End User License Agreement EULA a copy of which can be found at http www keysight com find sweula The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U S government may use modify distribute or disclose the Software The EULA and the license set forth therein does not r...

Страница 3: ... http www keysight com find N9010B http www keysight com find N9000B To receive the latest updates by email subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL http www keysight com find MyKeysight Information on preventing instrument damage can be found at www keysight com find PreventingInstrumentRepair Is your product software up to date Periodically Keysight releases software updates to f...

Страница 4: ...4 ...

Страница 5: ...ts 8 Demodulating an AM Signal 9 Demodulating an FM Signal 11 Demodulating an FM Stereo RDS Signal 13 Measuring L Only FM Stereo RDS Signals 13 Measuring L R FM Stereo RDS Signals 19 2 Concepts AM Concepts 26 FM Concepts 28 FM Stereo RDS Concepts 30 FM Stereo 30 RDS RBDS 30 Modulation Distortion Measurement Concepts 32 Purpose 32 Measurement Technique 32 Modulation SINAD Measurement Concepts 33 Pu...

Страница 6: ...6 Keysight N9063C Analog Demod Measurement Guide Contents ...

Страница 7: ...vide functionalities that can generally be categorized as follows Demodulating a modulated carrier and playing the modulating signal over a speaker sometimes referred to as tune and listen Displaying demodulated signals in both time and frequency domains Displaying modulation metrics Displaying the RDS information in FM Stereo RDS signals The following topics can be found in this section Setting U...

Страница 8: ...Input Output menu for details on selecting input ports and the Amplitude menu for details on setting the internal attenuation to prevent overloading the analyzer Using Analyzer Mode and Measurement Presets To set your current measurement mode to a known factory default state press Mode Preset This initializes the analyzer by returning the mode setup and all of the measurement setups in the mode to...

Страница 9: ...on the rear panel The signal under test is a 680 kHz signal with AM depth of 50 and AM rate of 1 kHz Note that if you are using a broadcast AM signal in the United States for example the AM channels are broadcasting between 550 kHz and 1650 kHz Step Action Notes 1 Select Analog Demod mode Press Mode Meas Analog Demod OK The default settings for Analog Demod Mode are the AM measurement and Quad Vie...

Страница 10: ...ent Guide Demodulating AM FM ΦM FM Stereo RDS Signals Demodulating an AM Signal 5 Listen to the demodulated AM signal Press Meas Setup Advanced Tab Toggle Demod to Speaker to On You may need to adjust the volume as necessary Step Action Notes ...

Страница 11: ...e rear panel The signal under test is a signal at 300 MHz with FM deviation of 10 kHz and FM rate of 1 kHz Note that if you are using a broadcast FM signal in the United States for example the FM channels are broadcasting between 87 7 MHz and 107 7 MHz Step Action Notes 1 Select Analog Demod mode Press Mode Meas Analog Demod 2 Preset the mode Press Mode Preset 3 Select FM measurement Press Mode Me...

Страница 12: ...ent Guide Demodulating AM FM ΦM FM Stereo RDS Signals Demodulating an FM Signal 6 Listen to the demodulated FM signal Press Meas Setup Advanced Tab Toggle Demod to Speaker to On You may need to adjust the volume as necessary Step Action Notes ...

Страница 13: ...e introduced here Measuring L Only FM Stereo RDS Signals on page 13 Measuring L R FM Stereo RDS Signals on page 19 Measuring L Only FM Stereo RDS Signals The parameters of the signal under test are FM reference deviation 75 kHz Pilot deviation 10 Pilot frequency 19 kHz Stereo frequency 38 kHz Left only tone 1 0 kHz RDS deviation 6 RDS frequency 57 kHz Step Action Notes 1 Select Analog Demod mode P...

Страница 14: ...tereo part RDS RBDS and pilots There are four windows RF Spectrum window top left displays the RF spectrum of the multiplexed signal Demod Waveform window top right displays the baseband modulating signal in time domain There are four traces in this window maximum trace in cyan minimum trace in magenta average trace in green and current trace in yellow AF Spectrum window bottom left displays the m...

Страница 15: ...Demod Measurement Guide 15 Demodulating AM FM ΦM FM Stereo RDS Signals Demodulating an FM Stereo RDS Signal 8 View the stereo part of the multiplexed signal which corresponds to L R Press Display View Stereo Step Action Notes ...

Страница 16: ...be combined as you like 10 If pre emphasis is used in the signal under test set to use de emphasis in the signal analyzer Press Meas Setup Filters De Emphasis and choose the appropriate de emphasis filter 11 View measurement results of the left channel Press Display View Left 12 View measurement results of the right channel Press Display View Right The audio in the test signal is an L only tone so...

Страница 17: ...w the RDS RBDS results Press Display View RDS RBDS The figure below displays the BLER result and the information bits in the upper part and key RDS messages like basic tuning and switch information radio text and so on in the lower part For more information refer to Basic Structure of RDS on page 31 and BLER on page 31 Step Action Notes ...

Страница 18: ...result is displayed as Left to Right and the mono to stereo crosstalk is displayed as Mono to Stereo Normally the left to right separation test is taken when the audio signal under test is L only or R only mono to stereo crosstalk test is taken when the audio signal under test is L R or L R 15 Listen to the demodulated FM stereo signal Press Meas Setup Advanced Tab Toggle Demod to Speaker to On Yo...

Страница 19: ...reset the mode Press Mode Preset 3 Select FM Stereo RDS measurement Press Mode Meas FM Stereo RDS 4 Set the center frequency to the center of the signal and set the AF stop frequency Press FREQ Center Freq 98 MHz Press AF Stop Freq 65 kHz AF start frequency and AF stop frequency settings determine the span of the X axis in AF Spectrum window in MPX Mono Stereo Left and Right views 5 Set the FM ref...

Страница 20: ...F spectrum of the multiplexed signal Demod Waveform window top right displays the baseband modulating signal in time domain There are four traces in this window maximum trace in cyan minimum trace in magenta average trace in green and current trace in yellow AF Spectrum window bottom left displays the modulating signal in the frequency domain Metric window bottom right displays the numeric measure...

Страница 21: ...Demod Measurement Guide 21 Demodulating AM FM ΦM FM Stereo RDS Signals Demodulating an FM Stereo RDS Signal 8 View the stereo part of the multiplexed signal which corresponds to L R Press View Display Stereo Step Action Notes ...

Страница 22: ...ass filter and bandpass filter can be combined as you like 10 If pre emphasis is used in the signal under test set to use de emphasis in the signal analyzer Press Meas Setup Filters De Emphasis and choose the appropriate de emphasis filter 11 View the measurement results of the left channel Press Display View Left In this test case the left channel equals to the right channel 12 View the RDS RBDS ...

Страница 23: ...lays the BLER result and the information bits in the upper part and key RDS messages like basic tuning and switch information radio text and so on in the lower part For more information refer to Basic Structure of RDS on page 31 and BLER on page 31 13 View a summary of the numeric measurement results Press Display View Result Summary Step Action Notes ...

Страница 24: ... mono to stereo crosstalk is displayed as Mono to Stereo Normally the left to right separation test is taken when the audio signal under test is L only or R only mono to stereo crosstalk test is taken when the audio signal under test is L R or L R 14 Listen to the demodulated FM stereo signal Press Meas Setup Advanced Tab Toggle Demod to Speaker to On You may need to adjust the volume as necessary...

Страница 25: ...pplication Measurement Guide 2 Concepts The following topics can be found in this section AM Concepts on page 26 FM Concepts on page 28 FM Stereo RDS Concepts on page 30 Modulation Distortion Measurement Concepts on page 32 Modulation SINAD Measurement Concepts on page 33 ...

Страница 26: ...taneous amplitude of the information signal Figure 2 2 Calculation AM index in time and frequency domain The modulation index m represents the amount of modulation or the degree to which the information signal modulates the carrier signal The index for an AM signal can be calculated from the amplitudes of the carrier and either of the sidebands by the equation Equation 2 1 m Emax Ec Ec Emax Emin E...

Страница 27: ...ressed in voltage On a decibel power scale each sideband will thus be 6 dB less than the carrier or one fourth the power of the carrier Since the carrier power does not change with amplitude modulation the total power in the 100 modulated wave is 50 higher than in the unmodulated carrier The relationship between m and the logarithmic display can be expressed as Equation 2 2 ESB Ec dB 6dB 20 m log ...

Страница 28: ... is the peak phase deviation This expression tells us that the angle modulation index is really a function of phase deviation even in the FM case Also the definitions for frequency and phase modulation do not include the modulating frequency In each case the modulated property of the carrier frequency or phase deviates in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal regardles...

Страница 29: ...the amplitudes of the carrier and the sidebands as a function of the modulation index β The spectral components including the carrier change their amplitudes as the modulation index varies Figure 2 4 Carrier and sideband amplitude for angle modulated signals In theory for distortion free detection of the modulating signal all the sidebands must be transmitted However in practice the sideband ampli...

Страница 30: ...R signal and a pilot signal As shown in Figure 2 5 the mono L R signal occupies the lower part of the baseband spectrum 50 Hz 15 kHz to keep backward compatibility with the previously monophonic FM systems The L R signal is amplitude modulated onto a suppressed subcarrier at 38 kHz A pilot signal is transmitted at 19 kHz and is used by the receiver to identify a stereo transmission and reconstruct...

Страница 31: ...kHz is chosen to be the third harmonic of the pilot tone The deviation range of the FM carrier due to the unmodulated RDS RBDS subcarrier is from 1 0 kHz to 7 5 kHz Basic Structure of RDS The basic structure of RDS is shown in Figure 2 6 in which the largest element is called a group including 4 blocks of 26 bits each Each block comprises an information word 16 bits and a checkword 10 bits The inf...

Страница 32: ...ed as Equation 2 4 where Ptotal the power of the total signal Psignal the power of the wanted modulating signal and Ptotal Psignal total unwanted signal which includes harmonic distortion and noise First the received signal is demodulated and filtered to remove DC Then the filtered signal is transformed by an FFT into the frequency domain Next total power in the total filter band is measured as Pt...

Страница 33: ...n process Measurement Technique Modulation SINAD is defined as Equation 2 5 where Ptotal the power of the total signal Psignal the power of the wanted modulating signal and Ptotal Psignal the total unwanted signals which include harmonic distortion and noise First the received signal is demodulated and filtered to remove DC then the filtered signal is transformed by an FFT into the frequency domai...

Страница 34: ...This information is subject to change without notice Keysight Technologies 2008 2016 Edition 1 February 2016 N9063 90001 www keysight com ...

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