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Section 6 — APPLICATIONS GUIDE

6–13

FOR ADDITIONAL EMISSIVITY VALUES FOR SERIES 47, SEE TABLE 6.8.

TABLE 6.7 (Continued)

TARGET MATERIAL

MINIMUM THICKNESS

REFLECTANCE

EMISSIVITY

(inches)

METALS, BARE Unoxidized (For oxidized samples of metals, refer to “Composites and Miscellaneous” of Table 6.8.)

ALUMINUM

Materials in this class are

0.97

0.03

CHROMIUM

opaque (zero transmittance)

.81

.19

COPPER

at any thickness

.98

.02

GOLD

.97

.03

IRON, CARBON STEEL

.91

.09

LEAD

.92

.08

NICKEL

.94

.06

SILVER

.97

.03

STAINLESS STEEL

.85

.15

TIN

.76

.24

ZINC

.97

.03

(GRAPHITE)

.28

.72

Содержание Modline 4

Страница 1: ...49 30 4 78 00 80 info flukeprocessinstruments de China Beijing China Tel 8610 6438 4691 info flukeprocessinstruments cn Worldwide Service Fluke Process Instruments offers services including repair and calibration For more information contact your local office www flukeprocessinstruments com 2019 Fluke Process Instruments Specifications subject to change without notice Fluke Process Instruments ...

Страница 2: ... will not maintain compliance to the CE Directive CAUTION For installing operating and servicing this instrument please observe all cautions and warnings that are located throughout this manual CE Compliance Information Cautions and Warnings Example of a Caution CAUTION Example of a Warning WARNING ii ...

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Страница 4: ...ssly provided in an authorized writing by IRCON IRCON shall not be subject to any other obligations or liabilities whatsoever with respect to equipment manufactured by IRCON or services rendered by IRCON THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES EXCEPT WARRANTIES OF TITLE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FIT...

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Страница 7: ...s is pre adjusted and sealed so you don t have to make optical adjustments Just choose a clear sight path with no obstructions aim the sensor at the object you want to measure and read the temperature on your indicator The controls on the back panel allow you to adjust for emissivity of the material you are measuring and for the most suitable response time for your process If the instru ment inclu...

Страница 8: ...o read temperature values directly from the scale Fig 1 3 shows how the MODLINE 4 measures a change in temperature Assume the MODLINE 4 is scaled for the 500 to 1500 F range The circuit current is 4 mA when the MODLINE 4 is viewing a 500 F target and 20 mA when viewing a 1500 F target The current varies linearly between 4 and 20 mA for temperatures between 500 and 1500 In Fig 1 3a the target tempe...

Страница 9: ... 600 C 500 to 1000 F 500 to 2500 F 300 to 800 C 300 to 1300 C 500 to 1000 F 600 to 1400 F 250 to 600 C 350 to 800 C 44 22 45 46 Ideally suited to all types of very low temperature applications such as print drying food wood paper and textile processing vacuum forming and infrared heating Measures subsurface glass tem perature Good unit to see though hot gasses and flame All types of medium tempera...

Страница 10: ... the separation distance D At this distance the diameter of the cone or viewing area on the target surface will have a spot size d 1 4 Note that if you move the MODLINE 4 a little closer the target will intersect a smaller cross section of the cone and give you a smaller spot Moving it further away will give you a larger spot Spot size separation distance relationships for the MODLINE 4 are give i...

Страница 11: ...um response time setting 10 seconds for target temperatures from 120 to 300 F 50 to 150 C Minimum emissivity setting 0 5 48 SERIES 0 6 F 000 to 0600 F 1 5 F 500 to 1500 F 2 5 F 500 to 2500 F 0 3 C 000 to 0300 C 0 8 C 300 to 0800 C 1 3 C 300 to 1300 C High Resolution versions may require higher response time settings Standard temperature ranges available in each MODLINE 4 Series are listed below BL...

Страница 12: ...al numbers on the identification plate match those on the packing slip and on the side plate The model number digit is explained below Example Model 44 01C 1 1 0 This model number designates a series 44 instrument with a temperature range of 0 to 100 C and high optical resolution Output is 4 to 20 mA peak picker included and the instrument has a standard enclosure 1 6 ...

Страница 13: ...ms at 40 V direct current see Section 2 4 for additional information Fuse Rating For customer supplied power supplies the power supply must be fused such that at 40V direct current the current I level must be less than 4 amps At 16V direct current the current I cannot exceed 8 amps and the power supply total output must not exceed 150 VA Output Current 4 to 20 mA direct current Response Time Conti...

Страница 14: ...nal value of 77 F over range of 32 to 150 F over range of 32 to 130 F 0 027 of span per C change 0 035 of span per C change from nominal value of 25 C from nominal value of 25 C over range of 0 to 66 C over range of 0 to 54 C Case Operating Standard enclosure Standard enclosure Temperature Range 32 to 150 F 0 to 66 C 32 to 130 F 0 to 54 C see previous page for exceptions Water cooled enclosure Wat...

Страница 15: ...1 9 Section 1 INTRODUCTION 1 7 PRODUCT MODIFICATIONS There are no special modifications in this instrument It is standard in all respects ...

Страница 16: ...other devices that are compatible with the MODLINE 4 system Model PS4 24 Power Supply TV VIEW VAAC Digital Indicator Power Supply 2 2 BASIC SYSTEM Fig 2 1 illustrates a simple system consisting of the MODLINE 4 a Digital Meter and a Power Supply These components form a continuous current loop System power is provided by the Power Supply which provides a DC output typically between 16 and 40 V dire...

Страница 17: ... feet will add no more than a few ohms to the circuit The MODLINE 4 operates at any supply voltage between 16 and 40 volts direct current If you exceed the 40 volt upper i mit you stand a chance of damaging the MODLINE 4 sensor If you go below the 16 volt lower limit the MODLINE 4 simply will not work If you furnish you own components make sure they meet MODLINE 4 requirements For a power supply i...

Страница 18: ...rops plus the drop across the connecting wires Assume the resistances are as indicated in Fig 2 2 TABLE 2 1 MINIMUM DC SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTIPLE LOADS Total Load Total Load Minimum DC Resistance Load Supply ohms volts volts 50 1 17 100 2 18 200 4 20 300 6 22 400 8 24 500 10 26 600 12 28 700 14 30 800 16 32 900 18 34 1000 20 36 1100 22 38 1200 24 40 With 8 V dropped across the load elements ...

Страница 19: ...ITCHED MODLINE 4 SYSTEM FIG 2 3 MULTIPLE LOOPS OPERATED FROM SINGLE SUPPLY Sometimes you can gain economy or efficiency by switching between circuit components Fig 2 4 shows how this idea might be used to switch a single indicator and power supply to either of two MODLINE 4 units This time sharing system permits measuring the temperature at either of two stations on a single indicator The switchin...

Страница 20: ...sonable care it will provide accurate temperature measure ments and a long trouble free operating life Modline 4 instruments are available in standard of water cooled castings as shown in Fig 2 5 The optical and electrical systems are essentially the same in both versions Any differences that affect installation or operation will be pointed out in the following instructions WATER FITTINGS MOUNTING...

Страница 21: ...olu tion See Section 5 for details on this and other accessories A heat shield between instrument and target as shown in Fig 2 7 is another possible solution to excessive ambient temperatures Air cooling by means of a blower fan or IRCON AA 3 Air Purge is another option Call IRCON for other suggestions If the MODLINE 4 is to be located in the cold envi ronments where its temperature may go below t...

Страница 22: ...he viewing angle or shielding the reflec tions Suggestions for anticipating and eliminating common reflection problems are provided in Section 6 However if you are faced with unusual reflection problems call IRCON Technical Service for recommendations 2 7h Use of Windows If it is necessary to view the object through a win dow as is the case when the object is being heat ed in a vacuum or inert atm...

Страница 23: ...tion Good practice is to make sure that the target surface is at least twice the spot size at the spacing used This gives you a cushion for shifts in MODLINE 4 or target position and for the small tolerances in true vs design diameter of the Cone of Vision that are inherent in all optical pyrometers If the target is not larger than the spot size the detector will see infrared radiation from other ...

Страница 24: ...r Sensors with water cooled castings multiply spot size d from table or formula by 1 1 Example If d is 8 2 inches per table or diagram then d for water cooled casting is d 8 2 x 1 1 9 02 inches D d mm mm 8 0 3 15 1 25 2 35 3 45 4 203 7 6 381 25 4 635 50 8 889 76 2 1143 101 6 VERY HIGH RESOLUTION D d inches inches D d mm mm Notes 1 Series 22 not available with very high resolution 2 Series 43 avail...

Страница 25: ...aimed at the center of the desired measuring point on the target surface This establishes your horizontal align ment Note that these alignment axes and prepare the mounting support When the base pad is bolted to the mounting support the optical axis will be cen tered on the desired viewing area FRONT FLANGE MOUNTING The second mounting method is to use the front flange of the MODLINE 4 as the moun...

Страница 26: ...m par metre de distance 84 mm 53 mm FIG 2 10 DETERMINING ALIGNMENT OF MOUNTING AXIS TARGET BASE PAD designates mechanical centerline TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW STANDARD CASTING WATER COOLED CASTING SIDE VIEW A BASE MOUNTING ALIGNMENT B FLANGE MOUNTING ALIGNMENT BOTTOM VIEW FRONT VIEW 3 3 84 mm Optical axis for Series 43 through 48 within 1 of mechanical axis within 0 2 per foot sepa ration distance For Se...

Страница 27: ... precau tions in Section 2 15 In some cases freedom of final adjustment in sight ing may be desirable In these cases the Swivel Mounting Base Model SB 1 is recommended as an optional accessory See Section 5 for a descrip tion of this accessory If you are using accessories such as the Model WA 3 Water Cooling Accessory and or Model AA 3 Air Purge you can assemble the MODLINE 4 and accessories then ...

Страница 28: ...ure flange and tighten bolts WA 3 WATER COOLING ACCESSORY AA 3 AIR PURGE ACCESSORY FIG 2 11 DIMENSIONS AND CLEARANCES OF STANDARD CASTING FIG 2 12 MODLINE 4 STANDARD CASTING WITH AIR PURGE AND WATER COOLING ACCESSORIES FIG 2 13 FLANGE MOUNTING PROCEDURE designates mechanical centerline 5 33 135 4 MM 2 99 75 9 mm 2 10 53 3 mm 2 30 58 4 mm 0 88 22 4 mm 5 08 139 0 mm 4 00 101 6 mm 1 15 29 2 mm 0 25 2...

Страница 29: ...or freedom of final adjustment in sighting the Swivel Mounting Base Model SB 3 is recom mended as an optional accessory See Section 5 for a description of this accessory FLANGE MOUNTING The MODLINE 4 can be flange mounted to mount ing supports or accessories by means of three 5 16 18 NC bolts supplied The flange cutouts and special bolts provide a quick disconnect feature that makes it easy to rem...

Страница 30: ...7500 of the casting to ensure normal operating life Fittings are provided for standard pipe threads or hose fittings as indicated in Fig 2 16 Direction of water flow is not critical However if the MODLINE 4 is oriented so the water fittings are not level attach the inlet line to the lower of the two fittings COOLING WATER Supply Tap water see Notice Flow rate 20 gal hr 75 liters hr Flow direction ...

Страница 31: ... material for your MOD LINE 4 If a window is used it must be kept clean or low temperature indications will result Acute viewing angles can present problems of reduced emissivity values particularly if you are dealing with smooth target surfaces Figure 2 18 shows the permissible angles when viewing smooth surfaced objects such as metals glass or plastics Angles of up to 45 from the per pendicular ...

Страница 32: ... grip SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR EEC COMPLIANCE In order for the MODLINE 4 to be immune to RF susceptibility either all wiring to the sensing head must be run in conduit or a single overall shielded cable must be used The shield must be 360 ter minated at the sensing head using the special cable shield grip adapter provided To maintain electromagnetic immunity only Indicators and Power Supplies that...

Страница 33: ...sembly of the cord grip grommet and cable When assembling the parts of the cord grip you will thread components onto the cabling in their specified order which is as follows 1 Hub cap and grommet 2 Compression spring 3 Connection housing 4 Conduit hub Insert Wires Prepare the series loop cable by stripping the two wires Leave enough of the braided shield exposed so that the compression spring can ...

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Страница 36: ...Section 2 INSTALLATION 2 21 ...

Страница 37: ...Section 2 INSTALLATION 2 22 ...

Страница 38: ... 25 Customer Supplied Items Customer supplied items needed to install the peak picker are listed below Wire 5 conductor cable with overall shield con ductor should be at 18 22 gauge Switch for remote reset SPST Wire clipper and soldering iron To Install To wire the peak picker plug and remote switch follow these steps 1 Strip the two peak picker remote reset wires 2 Thread the two wires through th...

Страница 39: ...nents are calibrated for 4 to 20 mA and scaled for temperature range of the MODLINE 4 Ensure that the loop for the load devices is grounded at only one point Ensure temperature of MODLINE 4 case will not go beyond rated limits Ensure MODLINE 4 has been properly grounded Ensure proper window material has been selected for process sight window if used Ensure that the target fills the field of view o...

Страница 40: ...of the target material set the ε control to the known value You are ready to proceed to the next section If you do not know the target emissivity you can determine it in several ways 3 1 a Refer to the tables in the Applications Guide Section 6 Set the emissivity control as recommended for the material you plan to measure b In a test setup imbed an accurate thermocouple just below the front surfac...

Страница 41: ...ity and decreasing target tempera ture compared to surrounding temperatures At target temperatures below 400 F 200 C the gen eral trend of temperature emissivity combinations to be avoided is as follows Temperature Avoid Emissivity Settings Below 350 F 175 C 0 10 300 F 150 C 0 30 250 F 120 C 0 50 200 F 90 C 0 70 150 F 65 C 0 90 IMPORTANT For Series 43 instruments emissivity must be greater than 0 ...

Страница 42: ...AY TIME Range 15 seconds to 30 minutes for Full Scale Decay Potentiometer used to adjust the time it takes for a full scale signal to decay to zero scale value Rotate in direction of arrow clockwise to increase decay time Rotate in opposite direction counterclockwise to decrease decay time RESPONSE TIME Range 0 15 to 10 seconds Potentiometer used to adjust the electronic circuits for the most suit...

Страница 43: ...arily mean the instrument is faulty You may be reading surface temperature variations especially if the target material is moving 3 6 RESPONSE TIME ADJUSTMENT The temperature signal outputs have a full scale step response time from 0 15 sec to 10 sec as adjusted by the Response Time control on the panel of the MODLINE 4 Fig 3 2 illustrates the effect of response time as it might be displayed by a ...

Страница 44: ...tuations a If the workpiece you are measuring is moving and is in the field of view for only a brief period of time b If a succession of small parts is to be viewed with variable spacing between them c If the temperature of a moving workpiece varies because of slag oxides etc but you wish to know the highest temperatures d If the line of sight between the instrument and the workpiece is momentaril...

Страница 45: ...pletely At the extreme clockwise position you will observe the slowest decay rate approximately 30 minutes for full scale decay Adjustment somewhere in between these extremes will yield the decay you need for your particular measurement situation This peak signal reading may be returned to the in stantaneous value at any time by opening the external switch This switch may be controlled manually or...

Страница 46: ...Check lens and clean if necessary Refer to lens cleaning instructions in Section 4 2 Make sure the MODLINE 4 is not overheated Refer to Section 1 6 for operating temperature limits for your MODLINE 4 model If water cooling and or air purge accessories are used make sure there is adequate flow of cooling water and or clean dry air Make sure all connections are secure Check signal cables for any sig...

Страница 47: ...nclosure 400 F 204 C for all series in water cooled enclosure 1 Ensure components in system loop are calibrated for 4 to 20 mA and scaled to temperature range of the MODLINE 4 2 Ensure dc power supply voltage is correct 3 Ensure MODLINE 4 has unobstructed view of the object being measured Target must be large enough to fill the MODLINE 4 field of view 4 Check that the instrument s lens and process...

Страница 48: ...DLINE 4 SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING CONTINUED 4 3 SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING If trouble is encountered in obtaining temperature readings after installation of the system consult Table 4 1 If necessary call or write for further assistance For instrument services contact IRCON Technical Services For applications assistance contact IRCON Sales Applications Engineering 4 4 CALIBRATION SERVICE The MODLINE 4 is ...

Страница 49: ...Section 4 MAINTENANCE SERVICE 4 4 NOTES ...

Страница 50: ...e include Analog and Digital Indicators Power Supplies and Accessories to facilitate mounting and provide environmental pro tection for the MODLINE 4 The more commonly used accessories are described in this section More specialized accessories such as sight tubes are described in Product Bulletin PB0070 available on request ...

Страница 51: ...olts are supplied Insert bolts through unthreaded holes on front flange of AA 3 and bolt to mounting support or additional accessory if used Insert gasket s in recess at rear and bolt MODLINE 4 flange or WA 3 Water Cooling Accessory if used to rear flange of AA 3 Use bolts supplied with MODLINE 4 or WA 3 Use one or two gaskets as needed to form good seal and still allow flange surfaces to touch NO...

Страница 52: ... the sensor and accepts the 4 20 mA output SPECIFICATIONS Temperature Ranges All Modline 4 ranges C or F Accuracy 12 of reading Loop Current Supply 50 mA Max Output Voltage 24 Vdc 5 Ambient Range 0 to 50 C Digits 5 digit Red LED 19 999 to 99 999 Conversion Rate 20 readings second Input Power TV VIEW VAAC 85 250 VAC 50 60 Hz 15 Va TV VIEW VADC 11 36 Vdc 11 W Options Alarms RS232 RS485 Output 0 10 V...

Страница 53: ...tected environments cabinets Technical Data Protection class class I Operating temperature range 25 C to 60 C 13 to 140 F AC input 100 to 240 VAC 10 47 440 Hz external fuse required 1 5 A slow blow type recommendation DC output 24 VDC 840 mA derate 3 C above 50 C 122 F Wire cross sections input output 1 5 mm max 6 5 0 86 0 96 0 3 38 3 78 0 20 46 0 1 81 54 6 2 15 4 0 0 16 4 x ø3 5 4 x ø0 14 1 2 3 5...

Страница 54: ... heavy to hold the swivel base securely There are three 1 4 x 20 NC hex head bolts and 1 4 inch split ring lock washers that are supplied with each swivel base Insert two bolts with lock washers through mounting plate holes into corresponding threaded holes on the sensor base and tighten the bolts Attach the base to the desired mounting surface using customer supplied mounting hardware Refer to gr...

Страница 55: ...rmits bolting to the Modline 4 and other standard accessories Where high ambients and moist atmospheres are encountered the use of an AA 3 Air Purge accessory with a WA 3 water cooling accessory prevents moisture condensation on the lens of the Modline 4 PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ASSEMBLY NOTES Two gaskets and three 5 16 18 NC flanged hex head bolts are supplied Insert bolts through unthreaded holes on ...

Страница 56: ...ues are zero The MODLINE 4 is factory calibrated using blackbody standards However the targets you deal with in practice are non blackbodies Their Emissivity values are less than 1 0 which means they emit some traction of the infrared energy a blackbody would emit at a given temperature You must compensate for this difference by adjusting the Emissivity ε control for a setting of less than 1 0 Non...

Страница 57: ...NE 4 from background radiation Contact IRCON Applications Engineering if problems persist FIG 6 1 SOLVING COMMON REFLECTANCE PROBLEMS VIEWING AT FURNACE EXIT VIEWING THROUGH FURNACE ROOF OR WALL FURNACE WORKPIECE Problem MODLINE 4 sees reflections of furnace aroof or wall Solution View through sight tube with tip spaced close to surface of workpiece Cautions 1 I D of sight tube must be wider than ...

Страница 58: ...re to observe any notes or descriptions included in the tables If your material is not listed or if you are in doubt about any of the values contact IRCON Applications Engineering PRODUIT ELEMENT CHAUFFANT Modifier l angle de visée ou changer le point de mesure pour que l élément chauffant ne soit pas dans le champ de visée du MODLINE 4 Solution PRODUIT MUR DU FOUR Les MODLINE 4 voit l énergie emi...

Страница 59: ...ABS CYCOLAC 0 020 0 04 0 96 ACETAL DELRIN 010 05 95 ACRYLIC PLEXIGLAS LUCITE 010 05 95 ALKYDS PLENCO 010 05 95 CELLULOSICS 010 05 95 CELLOPHANE 010 05 95 EPOXY 006 05 95 FLUOROPOLYMERS TEFLON 015 06 94 PHENOLICS PLENCO 010 05 94 POLYAMIDE NYLON 015 04 96 POLYAMIDE KAPTON 010 08 92 POLYCARBONATE LEXAN 010 06 94 POLYESTER P E T MYLAR DACRON 010 08 92 POLYETHYLENE 15 04 96 POLYPROPYLENE 10 04 96 POLY...

Страница 60: ...SSIVITY inches r ε METALS BARE Unoxidized For oxidized samples of metals refer to Composites and Miscellaneous of Table 6 12 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 98 0 02 CHROMIUM opaque zero transmittance 92 08 COPPER at any thickness 98 02 GOLD 98 02 IRON CARBON STEEL 95 05 LEAD 95 05 NICKEL 96 04 SILVER 98 02 STAINLESS STEEL 89 11 TIN 84 16 ZINC 98 02 GRAPHITE 40 60 ...

Страница 61: ...XTILES FABRICS CARPET COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 0 98 FABRICS CLOSE WEAVE COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 80 95 FUR 96 LEATHER 96 PLASTICS 95 FOODS FOOD PROCESSING BAKERY GOODS 0 98 BATTERS 98 CANDY 98 CONFECTIONS 98 DAIRY PRODUCTS 98 FATS 98 FRUITS 98 FLOUR 98 GRAIN 98 GRAVIES 98 JELLIES JAMS 98 LIQUIDS 98 MEATS 98 OILS 98 SAUCES 98 SUGAR 98 VEGETABLES 98 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε WOOD PRODUCTS PAPER WOOD PU...

Страница 62: ... INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS ORGANIC CARBON BLACK 0 98 CHEMICALS LIQUID 96 CHEMICALS SOLID 96 COAL COKE 98 OILS FATS GREASE 96 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 96 PLASTICS 96 SOLVENTS 96 WAXES 96 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε COMPOSITES AND MISCELLANEOUS CARBON STEEL OXIDIZED 0 82 DRUGS PHARMACEUTICALS 95 FIBERGLASS EPOXY FORMS 95 GLASS COATED METAL 90 NICKEL OXIDIZED 85 PAINTED METAL 75 95 PAINTED WOOD 95 PLASTIC LAMI...

Страница 63: ... Viewed surface clean flat and optically smooth TARGET MATERIAL MINIMUM THICKNESS REFLECTANCE EMISSIVITY inches r ε GLASSES SODA LIME WINDOWS BOTTLES 0 40 0 02 0 98 CHEMICAL PYREX 0 10 02 98 FUSED QUARTZ 1 4 02 98 METALS BARE Unoxidized For oxidized samples of metals refer to Table 6 4 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 97 0 03 CHROMIUM opaque zero transmittance 75 25 COPPER at any thickness 9...

Страница 64: ...ens in this table are in their common physical form These materials have negligible transmittance τ in their common form Any difference between the listed Emissivity ε and a perfect Emissivity of 1 0 is due to Reflectance r TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε METALS Oxidized NICKEL OXIDIZED 0 85 STAINLESS STEEL OXIDIZED 85 STEEL OXIDIZED 82 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS COKE 0 98 F...

Страница 65: ...to less than 0 01 2 Viewed surface clean flat and optically smooth TARGET MATERIAL MINIMUM THICKNESS REFLECTANCE EMISSIVITY inches r ε GLASSES SODA LIME WINDOWS BOTTLES 5 0 03 0 97 METALS BARE Unoxidized For oxidized samples of metals refer to Table 6 4 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 97 0 03 CHROMIUM opaque zero transmittance 66 34 COPPER at any thickness 98 02 GOLD 98 02 IRON CARBON STEEL...

Страница 66: ...n their common physical form These materials have negligible transmittance τ in their common form Any difference between the listed Emissivity ε and a perfect Emissivity of 1 0 is due to Reflectance r TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε METALS Oxidized NICKEL OXIDIZED 0 85 STAINLESS STEEL OXIDIZED 85 STEEL OXIDIZED 82 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS CERAMICS 0 3 0 9 COKE 98 FIREBRICK...

Страница 67: ...YCOLAC 0 050 0 03 0 97 ACETAL DELRIN 050 03 97 ACRYLIC PLEXIGLAS LUCITE 050 03 97 ALKYDS PLENCO 040 03 97 CELLULOSICS 040 03 97 CELLOPHANE 040 03 97 EPOXY 025 03 97 FLUOROPOLYMERS TEFLON 25 02 98 PHENOLICS PLENCO 040 03 97 POLYAMIDE NYLON 060 02 98 POLYAMIDE KAPTON 040 06 94 POLYCARBONATE LEXAN 040 06 94 POLYESTER P E T MYLAR DACRON 040 03 92 POLYETHYLENE 30 04 96 POLYPROPYLENE 30 04 96 POLYSTYREN...

Страница 68: ...VITY inches r ε METALS BARE Unoxidized For oxidized samples of metals refer to Composites and Miscellaneous of Table 6 8 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 97 0 03 CHROMIUM opaque zero transmittance 81 19 COPPER at any thickness 98 02 GOLD 97 03 IRON CARBON STEEL 91 09 LEAD 92 08 NICKEL 94 06 SILVER 97 03 STAINLESS STEEL 85 15 TIN 76 24 ZINC 97 03 GRAPHITE 28 72 ...

Страница 69: ...COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 0 88 FABRICS CLOSE WEAVE COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 60 90 FUR 93 LEATHER 90 PLASTICS See Table 6 7 on Plastics FOODS FOOD PROCESSING BAKERY GOODS 0 96 BATTERS 96 CANDY AND CONFECTIONS 96 DAIRY PRODUCTS 96 FRUITS 96 FLOUR 94 GRAIN 94 GRAVIES 96 JELLIES JAMS 98 LIQUIDS 98 MEATS 98 OILS See Table 6 7 on Liquids SAUCES 98 SUGAR 96 VEGETABLES 98 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε WOOD PRODUC...

Страница 70: ...ORGANIC CARBON BLACK 0 98 CHEMICALS LIQUID 96 CHEMICALS SOLID 96 COAL COKE 98 OILS FATS GREASE See Table 6 7 on Liquids PLASTICS See Table 6 7 on Plastics 96 SOLVENTS See Table 6 7 on Liquids 96 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε COMPOSITES AND MISCELLANEOUS CARBON STEEL OXIDIZED 0 82 DRUGS PHARMACEUTICALS 96 FIBERGLASS EPOXY FORMS 96 GLASS COATED METAL 98 NICKEL OXIDIZED 85 PAINTED METAL 20 40 PAINTED ...

Страница 71: ...S CYCOLAC 0 010 0 04 0 96 ACETAL DELRIN 005 05 95 ACRYLIC PLEXIGLAS LUCITE 002 03 97 ALKYDS PLENCO 005 05 95 CELLULOSICS 002 05 95 CELLOPHANE 003 05 95 EPOXY 004 04 96 FLUOROPOLYMERS TEFLON 010 03 97 PHENOLICS PLENCO 005 05 95 POLYAMIDE NYLON 010 04 96 POLYAMIDE KAPTON 002 07 93 POLYCARBONATE LEXAN 005 07 93 POLYESTER P E T MYLAR DACRON 004 09 91 POLYETHYLENE 10 04 96 POLYPROPYLENE 050 04 96 POLYS...

Страница 72: ... 6 12 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 98 0 02 CHROMIUM opaque zero transmittance 91 09 COPPER at any thickness 98 02 GOLD 98 02 IRON CARBON STEEL 95 05 LEAD 95 05 NICKEL 96 04 SILVER 98 02 STAINLESS STEEL 87 13 TIN 82 18 ZINC 98 02 GRAPHITE 35 65 Section 6 APPLICATIONS GUIDE 6 17 FOR ADDITIONAL EMISSIVITY VALUES FOR SERIES 48 SEE TABLE 6 10 TABLE 6 9 Continued ...

Страница 73: ...will decrease in proportion to the increase in Transmittance TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε TEXTILES FABRICS CARPET COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 0 98 FABRICS CLOSE WEAVE COTTON WOOL SYNTHETIC 90 95 FUR 96 LEATHER 96 PLASTICS 95 FOODS FOOD PROCESSING BAKERY GOODS 0 98 BATTERS 98 CANDY 98 CONFECTIONS 98 DAIRY PRODUCTS 98 FATS 98 FRUITS 98 FLOUR 98 GRAIN 98 GRAVIES 98 JELLIES JAMS 98 LIQUIDS 98 MEATS 98 OILS ...

Страница 74: ... BATH 96 SANDPAPER 96 STAINLESS STEEL OXIDIZED 85 TOBACCO 96 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS INORGANIC CERAMICS 0 98 CLAY 98 CHEMICALS LIQUID OR SOLID 95 COAL 98 COKE 98 FIREBRICK 98 GLASS 98 GRAVEL 98 MINERALS ORES 98 SAND 96 SLAG 98 STEEL BILLET OXIDIZED 82 SLURRIES 98 WATER 98 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 98 INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS ORGANIC CARBON BLACK 0 98 CHEMICALS LIQUID 96 CHEMICALS SOL...

Страница 75: ...ISSIVITY inches r ε PLASTICS ABS CYCOLAC 0 015 0 03 0 97 ACETAL DELRIN 0 008 0 03 0 97 ACRYLIC PLEXIGLAS LUCITE 0 008 0 03 0 97 CELLULOSICS 0 003 0 03 0 97 CELLOPHANE 0 003 0 03 0 97 EPOXY 0 002 0 03 0 97 POLYAMIDE NYLON 0 005 0 03 0 97 POLYCARBONATE LEXAN 0 015 0 03 0 97 POLYESTER PET MYLAR DACRON 0 020 0 03 0 97 POLYETHYLENE 0 005 0 03 0 97 POLYPROPYLENE 0 005 0 03 0 97 POLYSTYRENE 0 010 0 03 0 ...

Страница 76: ...als refer to Composites and Miscellaneous of Table 6 12 ALUMINUM Materials in this class are 0 98 0 02 COPPER opaque zero transmittance 0 98 0 02 GOLD at any thickness 0 98 0 02 IRON CARBON STEEL 0 85 0 15 NICKEL 0 93 0 07 SILVER 0 98 0 02 STAINLESS STEEL 0 85 0 15 TIN 0 69 0 31 ZINC 0 93 0 07 GRAPHITE 0 38 0 62 FOR ADDITIONAL EMISSIVITY VALUES FOR SERIES 43 SEE TABLE 6 12 ...

Страница 77: ...IVITY ε WOOD PRODUCTS PAPER WOOD PULP 0 003 THICK 0 85 PAPER BOND STATIONERY 0 003 THICK 0 85 PAPER CLAY FILLED 0 012 THICK 0 75 CARDBOARD 0 92 WOOD SOFT OR HARD 0 95 HARDBOARD 0 95 BUILDING MATERIALS ASPHALT MACADAM 0 98 CORK 0 98 FIBERGLASS BATTS 0 90 FORMICA 0 95 LINOLEUM 0 96 PAINTED METAL 0 75 0 95 PAINTED WOOD PLASTIC 0 97 PLASTIC PANELS 0 97 PLYWOOD 0 90 ROOFING COMPOSITION 0 95 RUBBER CLOT...

Страница 78: ...TRIAL MATERIALS ORGANIC CARBON BLACK 0 98 CHEMICALS LIQUID 0 97 CHEMICALS SOLID 0 80 0 96 COAL COKE 0 98 OILS FATS GREASE 0 97 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 0 97 PLASTICS 0 97 SOLVENTS 0 97 WAXES 0 97 TARGET MATERIAL EMISSIVITY ε COMPOSITES AND MISCELLANEOUS CARBON STEEL OXIDIZED 0 82 DRUGS PHARMACEUTICALS 0 97 FIBERGLASS EPOXY FORMS 0 97 GLASS COATED METAL 0 97 NICKEL OXIDIZED 0 85 PAINTED METAL 0 90 0 97 P...

Страница 79: ...Section 6 APPLICATIONS GUIDE 6 24 ...

Страница 80: ...nsideration should be given to the characteristics described in 2 1 through 2 7 2 1 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Care should be taken not to exceed the ambient temperature range specified by the manufacturer 2 2 ELECTRICAL NOISE Performance of solid state controls can be affected by electrical noise In general complete systems are designed with a degree of noise immunity Noise immunity can be determined wi...

Страница 81: ... s and transistors from over voltages it may be advisable to consider incorpo rating peak voltage clamping devices such as varis tors zener diodes or snubber networks in circuits incorporating these devices 3 2 CIRCUIT ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS 3 2 1 Separating Voltages Solid state logic uses low level voltage e g less than 32 volts dc circuits In contrast the inputs and outputs are often high level ...

Страница 82: ...other elec tromechanical control circuits is intended Circuits involving analog regulating systems or high speed logic are generally more sensitive to electrical noise therefore isolation and separation of these circuits is more critical Further information on electrical noise and evalua tion of the severity of noise may be found in ANSI IEEE Publication No 518 1982 Where severe power line transie...

Страница 83: ... moisture 3 6 2 Contaminants Moisture corrosive gases and liquids and conduc tive dust can all have adverse effects on a system that is not adequately protected against atmo spheric contaminants If these contaminants are allowed to collect on printed circuit boards bridging between the con ductors may result in malfunction of the circuit This could lead to noisy erratic control operation or at wor...

Страница 84: ...ollowed 4 1 2 Electrical noise is a very important considera tion in any installation of solid state control While wiring practices may vary from situation to situa tion the following are basic to minimizing electrical noise 1 Sufficient physical separation should be main tained between electrical noise sources and sensitive equipment to assure that the noise will not cause malfunctioning or unint...

Страница 85: ...onductor heat sinks should be removed according to the manufacturer s instructions if provided otherwise the manu facturer should be consulted Care must be taken to avoid damaging any delicate compo nents and to avoid displacing dust dirt or debris in a way that permits it to enter or settle into parts of the control equipment 7 Enclosures should be inspected for evidence of deterioration Accumula...

Страница 86: ...tic Lens Housing Steel Screws Brackets within Lens Housing Printed Circuit Board Within Modline 4 Sensor Assembly Rubber Gaskets Fully Assembled View At right is a photograph of a fully assembled Ircon Modline 4 sensor with standard casing Disassembly instructions for the Modline 4 sensor with Standard casing and with the Cooling Jacket accessory is shown on the following pages These instructions ...

Страница 87: ...AND RECYCLING IRCON MODLINE 4 PRODUCT AND ACCESSORIES Page 2 of 3 1 2 Modline 4 with Standard Casing Modline 4 with Cooling Jacket Aluminum Aluminum Rubber Gasket Aluminum Steel Brass Brass Rubber Gasket Brass Steel Brass Rubber Gasket 3 3 ...

Страница 88: ...UCT AND ACCESSORIES Page 3 of 3 3 Remove Switch Assembly Remove Wiring Bracket Assembly Remove Knob and Switch Assembly Plastic Steel Steel Rubber Plastic Switch Assembly Steel Aluminum Aluminum Steel Backing Plate and Screws Wiring Bracket Assembly Knob and Switch Assembly ...

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