9 Wireless Technology
9.1 Wireless Technology Overview
The LiNX control system makes use of Bluetooth wireless
technology. Bluetooth is a wireless communications system
that is designed to operate in short-range wireless personal
area networks (WPAN).
LiNX supports both the Smart (low energy) and Classic
Bluetooth protocols. These operate in the spectrum range
2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz industrial, scientific and medical
(ISM) band. Bluetooth Classic uses 79 x 1MHz channels
and Bluetooth Smart uses 40 x 2MHz channels. Within a
channel, data is transmitted using Gaussian frequency shift
modulation. The bit rate is 1Mbit/s, and the maximum
transmit power is 5mW. Both Bluetooth protocols use
frequency hopping to counteract narrowband interference
problems.
Bluetooth Technology Specifications
Technical
Specification
Classic Bluetooth
Smart (low
energy)
Bluetooth
Class
Class 2
Distance/Range
(theoretical max.)
10m (33ft)
Over the Air Data
Rate
1–3 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s
Application
Throughput
0.7–2.1 Mbit/s
0.27 Mbit/s
Technical
Specification
Classic Bluetooth
Smart (low
energy)
Bluetooth
Security
56/128-bit and
application layer
user defined
128-bit AES with
Counter Mode
CBCMAC and
application layer
user defined
Robustness
Adaptive fast
frequency
hopping, FEC,
fast ACK
Adaptive fre-
quency hopping,
Lazy Acknowl-
edgement, 24-bit
CRC, 32-bit Mes-
sage Integrity
Check
Latency (from a
non-connected
state)
Typically 100 ms
6 ms
Network Topology
Scatternet
Power
Consumption
5 mW
Service Discovery
Yes
Profile Concept
Yes
9.2 Intended Wireless (Electromagnetic)
Environment
The intended environments for the LiNX wheelchair are
defined as the users home, assisted living facilities, nursing
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