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Contents

vii

Appendix A System BIOS Programming Guidelines

A.1

BIOS Post Initialization ............................................................................A-1

A.2

Controlling the Application Processors ....................................................A-2

A.3

Programming the APIC for Virtual Wire Mode .........................................A-2

A.4

Constructing the MP Configuration Table................................................A-4

Appendix B Operating System Programming Guidelines

B.1

Operating System Boot-up .......................................................................B-1

B.2

Operating System Booting and Self-configuration ....................................B-2

B.3

Interrupt Mode Initialization and Handling ................................................B-2

B.4

Application Processor Startup ..................................................................B-3

B.4.1

USING INIT IPI ............................................................................B-4

B.4.2

USING STARTUP IPI...................................................................B-5

B.5

AP Shutdown Handling .............................................................................B-5

B.6

Other IPI Applications ...............................................................................B-6

B.6.1

Handling Cache Flush..................................................................B-6

B.6.2

Handling TLB Invalidation ............................................................B-6

B.6.3

Handling PTE Invalidation............................................................B-6

B.7

Spurious APIC Interrupts ..........................................................................B-6

B.8

Supporting Unequal Processors ...............................................................B-7

Appendix C System Compliance Checklist

Appendix D Multiple I/O APIC Multiple PCI Bus Systems

D.1

Interrupt Routing with Multiple APICs .......................................................D-1

D.1.1

Variable Interrupt Routing ............................................................D-1

D.1.2 Fixed Interrupt Routing ................................................................D-2

D.2

Bus Entries in Systems with More Than One PCI Bus .............................D-3

D.3

I/O Interrupt Assignment Entries for PCI Devices.....................................D-3

Appendix E Errata

Glossary

Содержание MultiProcessor

Страница 1: ...MultiProcessor Specification Version 1 4 May 1997...

Страница 2: ...liability for infringement of any proprietary rights relating to implementation of information in this specification Intel does not warrant or represent that such implementation s will not infringe su...

Страница 3: ...this specification Previously this was indicated by bit 0 of MP Feature Information Byte 1 3 One more hardware default system configuration was added for MCA PCI with the integrated APIC 4 11 94 002 M...

Страница 4: ......

Страница 5: ...1 4 I O Expansion Bus 2 4 2 2 BIOS Overview 2 5 2 3 Operating System Overview 2 5 Chapter 3 Hardware Specification 3 1 System Memory Configuration 3 1 3 2 System Memory Cacheability and Shareability 3...

Страница 6: ...1 Processor Entries 4 7 4 3 2 Bus Entries 4 10 4 3 3 I O APIC Entries 4 12 4 3 4 I O Interrupt Assignment Entries 4 12 4 3 5 Local Interrupt Assignment Entries 4 15 4 4 Extended MP Configuration Tabl...

Страница 7: ...r Startup B 3 B 4 1 USING INIT IPI B 4 B 4 2 USING STARTUP IPI B 5 B 5 AP Shutdown Handling B 5 B 6 Other IPI Applications B 6 B 6 1 Handling Cache Flush B 6 B 6 2 Handling TLB Invalidation B 6 B 6 3...

Страница 8: ...Entry 4 10 4 6 I O APIC Entry 4 12 4 7 I O Interrupt Entry 4 13 4 8 Local Interrupt Entry 4 15 4 9 System Address Space Entry 4 18 4 10 Example System with Multiple Bus Types and Bridge Types 4 19 4...

Страница 9: ...17 4 14 System Address Space Mapping Entry Fields 4 19 4 15 Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry Fields 4 22 4 16 Compatibility Bus Address Space Modifier Entry Fields 4 24 4 17 Predefined Range Lists 4 24...

Страница 10: ......

Страница 11: ...specific buses 1 1 Goals The intent of this specification is to establish an MP Platform interface standard that extends the performance of the existing PC AT platform beyond the traditional single p...

Страница 12: ...that multiprocessor systems can be implemented Vendors may for example create noncompliant high performance scalable multiprocessor systems that do not have the PC AT compatibility required by this sp...

Страница 13: ...ither those who create general purpose BIOS products or those who modify these products to suit specific MP hardware Operating system developers who will be adapting MP operating systems to run on the...

Страница 14: ...at the bottom and the highest addresses at the top of the illustration as shown in Figure 1 2 Bit positions are numbered from right to left RESERVED RESERVED THREE BYTE FIELD RESERVED 00H 04H 08H 0CH...

Страница 15: ...d access that space by the same addresses Memory symmetry offers a very important feature the ability for all processors to execute a single copy of the operating system Any existing system and applic...

Страница 16: ...ntium 735 90 and 815 100 processors Software transparent cache and shared memory subsystem Software visible components of the PC AT platform 2 1 1 System Processors To maintain compatibility with exis...

Страница 17: ...nterrupt control functions are distributed between two basic functional units the local unit and the I O unit The local and I O units communicate through a bus called the Interrupt Controller Communic...

Страница 18: ...the exception of addresses 0A_0000h through 0F_FFFFh and 0FFFE_0000h through 0FFFF_FFFFh which are reserved for I O devices and the BIOS Compared to a uniprocessor system a symmetric multiprocessor sy...

Страница 19: ...insert an MP floating pointer structure in the standard BIOS The cost of this level of simplicity in the BIOS however is that the system developer has less flexibility in the design of the hardware A...

Страница 20: ......

Страница 21: ...osted memory writes Multiprocessor interrupt control Reset support Interval timer usage Support for fault resilient booting While the bulk of the MP hardware specification pertains to multiprocessor i...

Страница 22: ...PED I O SPACE PART OF THIS SPECIFICATION UNSHADED ADDRESS REGIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS THE SOLE DEFINITION OF A PC AT COMPATIBLE ADDRESS SPACE Figure 3 1 System Memory...

Страница 23: ...0FECF_FFFFh 1 APIC I O unit Yes No Refer to the register description in the APIC data book 0FED0_0000h 0FEDF_FFFFh Reserved for memory mapped I O devices Yes 2 Not specified 0FEE0_0000h 0FEEF_FFFFh 1...

Страница 24: ...che flush instructions under normal circumstances Reliable communication All processors must be able to communicate with each other in a way that eliminates interference when more than one processor a...

Страница 25: ...lowing sections describe the APIC architecture and the three interrupt modes allowed in an MP compliant system 3 6 1 APIC Architecture The Intel Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APIC is base...

Страница 26: ...ns the APIC ID register can be reduced to the least significant 4 bits and the Logical Destination register can be reduced to the most significant 8 bits To ensure software compatibility with all vers...

Страница 27: ...a combination of hardware and software The hardware and programming specifications for each of these modes are further defined in the following subsections BIOS programmers should refer to Appendix A...

Страница 28: ...ddress and data respectively To access the IMCR write a value of 70h to I O port 22h which selects the IMCR Then write the data to I O port 23h The power on default value is zero which connects the NM...

Страница 29: ...PIC is programmed as ExtINT specifying to the APIC that the PIC is to serve as an external interrupt controller Whenever the local APIC finds that a particular interrupt is of type ExtINT it asserts t...

Страница 30: ...se the interrupt signal passes through both the I O APIC and the BSP s local APIC LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI NMI INTR CPU 1 LINTIN0 LINTIN1 LINTIN0 LINTIN1 NMI INTR CPU 2 NMI INTR CPU 3 REG MARK BSP AP1 AP2...

Страница 31: ...TS SHADED AREAS INDICATE UNUSED CIRCUITS DOTTED LINE SHOWS INTERRUPT PATH Figure 3 5 Symmetric I O Mode The APIC I O unit has general purpose interrupt inputs that can be individually programmed to di...

Страница 32: ...use interrupt vector 16 to manage floating point exceptions when the system is in symmetric mode It is recommended that hardware platforms be designed to block delivery of floating point exception sig...

Страница 33: ...489DX APIC s internal operation 2 The TMBASE pin allows an independent clock signal to be connected to the 82489DX APIC for use by the timer functions The interval timers of the integrated APIC have o...

Страница 34: ...l486 processors or the RESET signal of the 82489DX APIC See Section 3 7 1 The term INIT refers to either a system wide soft reset initialization or a processor specific initialization For example the...

Страница 35: ...Processor specific INIT A processor specific INIT is one of the basic multiprocessor support functions of a compliant multiprocessor system along with processor startup and shutdown With it the BSP c...

Страница 36: ...us The BIOS must disable interrupts to all processors and set the APICs to the system initial state before giving control to the operating system The operating system is responsible for initializing a...

Страница 37: ...mon hardware defaults and a maximal method that provides the utmost flexibility in hardware design Figure 4 1 shows the general layout of the MP configuration data structures 00H PHYSICAL ADDRESS POIN...

Страница 38: ...em design corresponds to one of the default configurations listed in Chapter 5 Note that these defaults are only for designs that are always equipped with two processors Systems that support a variabl...

Страница 39: ...KSUM 08 0CH H 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 PHYSICAL ADDRESS POINTER P 50h _ 5Fh MP FEATURE BYTE 1 MP FEATURE BYTES 2 5 Figure 4 2 MP Floating Pointer Structure Table 4 1 MP Floating Point...

Страница 40: ...URE INFORMATION BYTES 3 5 13 24 Reserved for future MP definitions Must be zero The MP feature information byte 1 specifies the MP system default configuration type If nonzero the system configuration...

Страница 41: ...ENGTH P 50h P 50h M 4Dh C 43h SIGNATURE 00H 04H CHECKSUM OEM TABLE POINTER OEM TABLE SIZE MEMORY MAPPED ADDRESS OF LOCAL APIC 10H 1CH 20H 24H 08H 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 O E M space...

Страница 42: ...t this field is zero ENTRY COUNT 34 16 The number of entries in the variable portion of the base table This field helps the software identify the end of the table when stepping through the entries ADD...

Страница 43: ...re reserved 4 3 1 Processor Entries Figure 4 4 shows the format of each processor entry and Table 4 4 defines the fields RESERVED RESERVED 31 0 3 7 4 8 11 12 15 16 19 20 23 24 27 28 CPU SIGNATURE LOCA...

Страница 44: ...n flags for the processor as returned by the CPUID instruction Refer to Table 4 6 for values If the processor does not have a CPUID instruction the BIOS must assign values to FEATURE FLAGS according t...

Страница 45: ...releases information about stepping numbers as needed Table 4 6 Feature Flags from CPUID Instruction Bit Name Description Comments 0 FPU On chip Floating Point Unit The processor contains an FPU that...

Страница 46: ...y and Table 4 7 explains the fields of each entry 00H 04H 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 ENTRY TYPE 1 BUS ID BUS TYPE STRING Figure 4 5 Bus Entry Table 4 7 Bus Entry Fields Field Offset in...

Страница 47: ...US ID if any one of the following criteria are true 1 The bus does not share its memory address space with another bus 2 The bus does not share its I O address space with another bus 3 The bus does no...

Страница 48: ...ies indicate which interrupt source is connected to each I O APIC interrupt input There is one entry for each I O APIC interrupt input that is connected Figure 4 7 shows the format of each entry and T...

Страница 49: ...c knowledge of bus interrupt schemes in order to support the bus This operating system bus specific knowledge is beyond the scope of this specification 00H 04H 31 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 ENTRY TYPE 3 INTERR...

Страница 50: ...of APIC I O input signals 00 Conforms to specifications of bus for example ISA is edge triggered 01 Edge triggered 10 Reserved 11 Level triggered SOURCE BUS ID 4 8 Identifies the bus from which the i...

Страница 51: ...ernal PIC the source is the 8259 INTR output line and the vector is supplied by the 8259 All other values are reserved 4 3 5 Local Interrupt Assignment Entries These configuration table entries tell w...

Страница 52: ...cal input signals 00 Conforms to specifications of bus for example ISA is edge triggered 01 Edge triggered 10 Reserved 11 Level triggered SOURCE BUS ID 4 8 Identifies the bus from which the interrupt...

Страница 53: ...pe when parsing this section of the table should ignore the content and move on to the next entry until the offset from the end of the base table reaches the length that is specified in the EXTENDED T...

Страница 54: ...es thereby decreasing the amount of bus traffic on a given bus and increasing the overall system performance Each consecutive address range that is usable by the operating system to access devices on...

Страница 55: ...are reserved ADDRESS BASE 4 64 Starting address LENGTH 12 64 Number of addresses which are visible to the bus If any main memory address is mapped to a software visible bus such as PCI it must be expl...

Страница 56: ...discover the address space mapping by querying the PCI to PCI bridge specification compliant bridge directly 2 For buses that are connected via a parent I O bus and for which the subtractive decode b...

Страница 57: ...e system hierarchically below another I O bus For example given the system described in Figure 4 10 bus hierarchy entries are required for the EISA bus and the PCI BUS 2 since both have parent buses t...

Страница 58: ...NT BUS 4 8 Parent Bus This number corresponds to the BUS ID as defined in the base table bus entry for the parent bus of this bus For buses where the BUS INFORMATION SD bit is set System Address Mappi...

Страница 59: ...pport ISA devices to avoid any potential conflict The same effect can be achieved by using System Address Space Mapping entries to completely describe the address ranges supported on a bus including t...

Страница 60: ...to zero the specified address ranges are to be added to the address space associated with the bus PREDEFINED RANGE LIST 4 32 A number that indicates the list of predefined address space ranges that t...

Страница 61: ...d description of the MP floating pointer structure To use a default configuration a system must meet the following basic criteria 1 The system supports two processors 2 Both processors must execute th...

Страница 62: ...ut without EISA bus logic with inverters before I O APIC inputs 1 15 8 255 Reserved for MP future use The default system configurations are designed to support dual processor systems with fixed config...

Страница 63: ...I RESET INTR LOCAL 82489DX APIC CPU 1 NMI INTR PRST PNMI PINT LINTIN0 LINTIN1 LOCAL 82489DX APIC NMI INTR CPU 3 IMCR I O BUS ExtINTA INTA TRAP ExtINTA INTA TRAP INTEL486 RESET GLUE INTEL486 E0 REG MAR...

Страница 64: ...nal to a signal that is acceptable to edge triggered input pins such as INTIN0 or LINTIN0 If the AP used in these configurations does not automatically HALT after RESET or INIT the AP must be prevente...

Страница 65: ...12 14 15 IRQ13 EISA DMA CHAINING FERR IGNNE FERR SAMPLING FROM BSP EDGE LEVEL TRIGGER POLARITY CONTROL 12 ABFULL PS 2 MOUSE LITM3 7 9 12 14 15 LITMx IRQx ABFULL SAMPLING 12 13 PIRQ MAPPING PIRQ0 3 3...

Страница 66: ...pt request line IRQ assignments are connected to the I O APIC in each of the default configurations Table 5 2 Default Configuration Interrupt Assignments First I O APIC INTINx Config 1 Config 2 Config...

Страница 67: ...patible buses such as EISA and MCA support active low level triggered interrupts If these types of buses are to be incorporated in a compliant system external inverters must be implemented to ensure t...

Страница 68: ...rating system must leave the LINTIN1 of all local APICs disabled to ensure that the BSP is the only processor that receives the NMI In PIC Mode configurations the 8259 INTR signal also follows the sam...

Страница 69: ...lains this in more detail A 1 BIOS Post Initialization Once system power is applied or the reset button is pressed if the system is so equipped a hardware circuit generates a system RESET sequence to...

Страница 70: ...sting uniprocessor software the system BIOS must initialize and enable the BSP s APIC first The local unit must be programmed to function as a virtual wire which delivers the CPU interrupt from the 82...

Страница 71: ...on switch into real big mode The APIC spurious interrupt must point to a vector whose lower nibble is 0F that is 0xF where x is 0 F Here we use Int 00FH which handles spurious interrupts and supplies...

Страница 72: ...he MP configuration table Because the MP configuration table is optional the BIOS must set the MP feature information bytes in the MP floating pointer structure to indicate whether an MP configuration...

Страница 73: ...al APIC ID from the Local Unit ID Register and uses this information to complete its entry in the MP configuration table 2 Just prior to exiting the BIOS the AP clears its status flag to signal the BS...

Страница 74: ......

Страница 75: ...with the BIOS The rest of the processors are designated as the application processors APs The BSP is responsible for booting the operating system Once the MP operating system is up and running the BS...

Страница 76: ...if they occur If the MP configuration table does not exist the BSP configures the operating system for the default system configuration indicated by the default configuration bits of the MP feature in...

Страница 77: ...s AP a STARTUP IPI BSP DELAYs 200 SEC BSP sends AP a STARTUP IPI BSP DELAYs 200 SEC BSP verifies synchronization with executing AP Example B 1 Universal Start up Algorithm If the MP configuration tabl...

Страница 78: ...functional The following two sections describe specifics relating to the use of INIT and STARTUP IPIs that can be used to guide the implementation of the universal algorithm presented here B 4 1 USING...

Страница 79: ...ect is to set CS IP to VV00 0000h For an operating system to use a STARTUP IPI to wake up an AP the address of the AP initialization routine or of a branch to that routine must be in the form of 000VV...

Страница 80: ...to powering down a processor Should a system wide cache flush be necessary the operating system should use the broadcast IPI mechanism to request that each of the processors write back and invalidate...

Страница 81: ...upt generated by the Local APIC Error Register 0xFEE00370 B 8 Supporting Unequal Processors Some MP operating systems that exist today do not support processors of different types speeds or capabiliti...

Страница 82: ......

Страница 83: ...m support either PIC Mode or Virtual Wire Mode at power on Is Symmetric I O Mode implemented Are all APIC IDs unique Are all local APIC IDs assigned by hardware or BIOS Do local APIC IDs begin with ze...

Страница 84: ......

Страница 85: ...oot from a disk connected to a PCI controller on a second PCI bus for example To prevent double delivery of this PCI interrupt once the system switches to symmetric I O mode for an MP operating system...

Страница 86: ...tings cannot be disabled or altered This situation implies two restrictions that must be placed on the way PCI interrupts are routed to EISA ISA IRQs and on that way the MP configuration table is buil...

Страница 87: ...appear in ascending order by bus ID number This specific interpretation of the information presented in Table 4 7 ensures consistency between the information in the MP configuration table and the mode...

Страница 88: ......

Страница 89: ...data structure in multiples of 16 bytes Currently only one 16 byte data structure is defined It must span a minimum of 16 contiguous bytes beginning on a 16 byte boundary and it must be located within...

Страница 90: ...tion as defined in Chapter 5 is implemented by the system MP FEATURE INFORMATION BYTE 2 12 0 12 6 12 7 6 1 1 Bits 0 5 Reserved for future MP definitions Bit 6 Multiple Clock Sources When set this bit...

Страница 91: ...ses that are visible on a particular bus Each bus defined in the Base Table can have any number of System Address Space Mapping entries included in the Extended Table Thus individual buses can be conf...

Страница 92: ...tarting address LENGTH 12 64 Number of addresses which are visible to the bus If any main memory address is mapped to a software visible bus such as PCI it must be explicitly declared using a System A...

Страница 93: ...oller For buses with fewer than 32 bit address lines all real memory at addresses that the bus can generate must be accessible for DMA 4 4 2 Bus Hierarchy Descriptor Entry If present Bus Hierarchy Des...

Страница 94: ...The BUS ID identity of this bus This number corresponds to the BUS ID as defined in the base table bus entry for this bus BUS INFORMATION SD 3 0 1 Subtractive Decode Bus If set all addresses visible...

Страница 95: ...lly connected 8259A equivalent PIC The ExtINTA output signal is also asserted The INTA cycle that corresponds to the ExtINT delivery should be routed to the external PIC that is expected to supply the...

Страница 96: ...In this mode the APICs are fully functional and interrupts are generated and delivered to the processors by the APICs Any interrupt can be delivered to any processor This is the only multiprocessor in...

Страница 97: ...Order Number 242016 006 Printed in U S A...

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