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Technical Manual
U-SYS MRS6100 Media Resource Server

Chapter 5 MGCP and SIP

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

5-37

z

RSVP (Resource ReServation Protocol) for reserving network resources

z

RTP (Real-Time Transmit Protocol) for transmitting real-time data and providing
QoS feedback

z

RTSP (Real-Time Stream Protocol) for controlling the transmission of media
streams in real time

z

SAP (Session Announcement Protocol) for advertising multimedia sessions
through multicast

z

SDP (Session Description Protocol) for describing multimedia sessions However,
the functionality and operation of SIP does not rely on any of these protocols

z

Transport-layer support: SIP is borne over the IP network. The network-layer
protocol is IP and the transport-layer protocol is UDP

5.3.4 Message Type

SIP messages are encoded in text form. There are two types of messages, request
messages and response messages.

I. Request messages

Request messages are SIP messages sent from a client to a server, for invoking
particular operations. Request messages include INVITE, ACK, OPTIONS, BYE,
CANCEL and REGISTER messages. Functions of these messages are listed in
Table 5-10.

Table 5-10

Request messages

Request

messages

Message meanings

INVITE

The INVITE message indicates that the user is being invited to
participate in a session. The message body contains a
description of the session to which the callee is being invited.
For two-party calls, the caller indicates the type of media it is
able to receive as well as their parameters. A success response
must indicate in its message body which media the callee
hopes to receive and may indicate the media the callee is going
to send.
The callee can acknowledge the participating of the caller and
send the 200 (OK) response, according to the Call-ID or the
identifier in the session description.

ACK

The ACK request confirms that the client has received a final
response to an INVITE request. ACK is used only with INVITE
messages.

BYE

UAC uses BYE to indicate to the server that it hopes to release
the call.

CANCEL

The CANCEL request cancels a pending request, but does not
affect a completed request. (A request is considered completed
if the server has returned a final status response.)

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Содержание U-SYS MRS6100

Страница 1: ...HUAWEI U SYS MRS6100 Media Resource Server Technical Manual V100R002 Huawei Technologies Proprietary ...

Страница 2: ...des customers with comprehensive technical support and service Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters Huawei Technologies Co Ltd Address Administration Building Huawei Technologies Co Ltd Bantian Longgang District Shenzhen P R China Postal Code 518129 Website http www huawei com Email Support huawei com Huawei Technologies Proprietary ...

Страница 3: ...ks of Huawei Technologies Co Ltd All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders Notice The information in this document is subject to change without notice Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents but all statements information and recommendations in this document do not constitut...

Страница 4: ... This chapter introduces the MGCP and SIP protocols and their applications with the MRS6100 z Chapter 6 MRS6100 Terminal System This chapter introduces the MRS6100 terminal system the BAM server operation and maintenance workstation emergency workstation and the communication gateway software z Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance This chapter introduces MRS6100 security management data storage dat...

Страница 5: ...ions Convention Description Boldface Button names menu items window names data table and field names are in Boldface For example click OK Multi level menus are in bold and separated by forward slashes For example select the File Create Folder menu III Keyboard operation Format Description Key Press the key with the key name in Boldface For example Enter Tab Backspace or A Key1 Key2 Press the keys ...

Страница 6: ...s Caution means reader should be extremely careful during the operation Note means a complementary description Environmental Protection This product has been designed to comply with the requirements on environmental protection For the proper storage use and disposal of this product national laws and regulations must be observed Huawei Technologies Proprietary ...

Страница 7: ...a Resource Function 4 1 4 1 Collecting and Decoding the DTMF Signal 4 1 4 2 Generating and Sending Signal Tones 4 1 4 3 Sending Recorded Announcements 4 1 4 4 Audio Conference 4 2 4 5 Converting Voice Codes 4 2 4 6 Recording 4 2 4 7 Video Announcement 4 2 Chapter 5 MGCP and SIP 5 1 5 1 Using MGCP and SIP with the MRS6100 5 1 5 2 MGCP 5 1 5 2 1 Brief Introduction 5 1 5 2 2 Terminologies that You Sh...

Страница 8: ...n Management 7 2 7 1 3 User Account Management 7 2 7 1 4 Login Time 7 2 7 2 Data Storage 7 3 7 2 1 BAM Data 7 3 7 2 2 FAM System Data 7 3 7 3 Data Operation 7 4 7 4 Alarm Management 7 6 7 4 1 Architecture 7 6 7 4 2 Hardware Alarm Reporting Path 7 7 7 4 3 Software Alarm Reporting Path 7 8 7 4 4 Alarm Levels 7 9 7 4 5 Alarm Types 7 9 7 5 Traffic Statistics 7 9 7 5 1 Traffic Statistics Type 7 9 7 5 2...

Страница 9: ...nt 8 8 Chapter 9 Compliant Standards 9 1 9 1 PRC Standards 9 1 9 2 ITU T Standards 9 1 9 3 IEEE Standard 9 1 9 4 IETF Standards 9 1 Chapter 10 Reliability Design 10 1 10 1 Security 10 1 10 1 1 Network Security 10 1 10 1 2 System Protection 10 1 10 1 3 Data Security 10 1 10 1 4 Operation Security 10 2 10 2 Reliability 10 2 10 2 1 Hardware Reliability 10 2 10 2 2 Software Reliability 10 3 Appendix A...

Страница 10: ...plements the media resource function in 3G R5 The MRS6100 provides the following functions z Announcement z Digit collecting z Voice synthesis z Voice recognition z Recording z Faxing z Audio conference z Video conference The Control devices monitor the MRS6100 such as the SoftSwitch and the application server AS In this way the MRS6100 provides the special resource functions for the services over...

Страница 11: ...nference interactive voice response IVR notification and advanced tone services z iOSS The integrated operation support system iOSS includes the network management system NMS and the integrated billing system z AS The application server AS is a stand alone device at the service management layer It provides the following functions 1 Create and manage the logic related to the value added services an...

Страница 12: ...rvice logic z Send call control instructions to the related SSP to control its next action z Implement the intelligent calls II Network control layer The network control layer implements call control It uses softswitch as core technology to implement basic real time call control and connection control As shown in Figure 1 1 the SoftX3000 SoftSwitch is the core device in the NGN It implements the f...

Страница 13: ... supports the H 323 protocol z SG The Signaling gateway SG connects the No 7 signaling network with the IP network It converts the N0 7 signaling of the public switched telephone network PSTN and the signaling of the IP network z TMG The Trunk media gateway TMG is located between the circuit switched network and the IP packet switched network It converts the formats between pulse code modulation P...

Страница 14: ...1 1 backup mode to ensure high reliability of the devices z Provides auto detection for faults and self healing capability The MRS6100 can detect its hardware and software for faults automatically if the hardware or software is faulty the MRS6100 reports alarms automatically The system then switches from the primary server to the secondary server to remove the fault If the fault cannot be removed ...

Страница 15: ...t scale The MRS6100 support multi access to the system from local or remote clients z GUI The OMS uses the O M interface with the navigation tree The MML Client works with the GUI to ease your O M tasks z Powerful traffic statistics capability The MRS6100 uses lists a graphics to analyze and display the performance data It monitors the real time performance data and collects the background perform...

Страница 16: ...lt settings are most applicable This helps you install upgrade or recover the system easily The program design is separated from the data design This ensures that the updated system can inherit the legacy data z Safe to update During the update the MRS6100 setup program backs up the system database in multiple modes several times to ensure system security Also the MRS6100 setup program backs up th...

Страница 17: ...rnal O M terminal Figure 2 1 shows the logical hardware structure of the MRS6100 Figure 2 1 MRS6100 hardware logical structure Table 2 1 lists the buses for the MRS6100 Table 2 1 MRS6100 buses Bus Index Description Shared resource bus 4 8 Gbps The bus is used for loading data backup and system maintenance Switched fast Ethernet FE bus Double star shaped 100 Mbps The signaling processing units and ...

Страница 18: ...s configured and maintained through the shared resource bus by the SMUI II Call processing subsystem This subsystem provides the call processing function for the SIP and the MGCP The Media Call Control Unit MCCU resolves the SIP and the MGCP The VPS interprets the VXML script The MCCU and the VPS communicates with the Media Service Unit MSU through the internal Ethernet bus to control the MSU for ...

Страница 19: ...MSU can support up to 400 uncoded announcement voice channels or 240 codec IVR voice channels You can configure the MSU as required I Configuration without the VXML resolution unit Figure 2 2 MRS6100 configuration without the VXML II Configuraiton with the VXML resolution unit Figure 2 3 MRS6100 configuration with the VXML ...

Страница 20: ...system consists of three modules z Call processing subsystem z Media processing subsystem z System support subsystem Figure 3 1 shows the software architecture of the MRS6100 Figure 3 1 MRS6100 software architecture I System support subsystem This subsystem is the software platform of the MRS6100 It uses HUAWEI distributed object oriented programmable real time architecture DOPRA platform middlewa...

Страница 21: ... announcement media streams z Transcoding 3 2 Call Processing Subsystem The MCCU board is responsible for call processing including z Lower layer interface processing z Transport layer protocol processing z Call control protocol processing Figure 3 2 shows the software structure of the call processing subsystem Figure 3 2 Software structure II Lower layer interface processing The Ethernet IP inter...

Страница 22: ... the terminals based on the call requests sent by the SoftSwitches z SIP 1 Receive the call requests from the AS 2 Connect with the SIP terminal z Provide the announcement digit collecting or recording services for the SIP terminal based on the call requests sent by the AS z VXML The MRS6100 process the VXML protocol as follows 1 Receive the call requests from the AS 2 Connect with the terminal 3 ...

Страница 23: ...des the following functions z Allocate the channel and conference resources to each SIP MGCP call z Reserve the resources z Recover the resources when the connection is released II Service flow control The MRS6100 serves as a media resource pool It provides media services to the AS or SoftSwitches The MRS6100 also controls the service flows to simplify the operation and control on the AS and SoftS...

Страница 24: ...t map this digit sequence is invalid Also the MRS6100 can receive the input information based on the special functional keys delivered by the service logic According to the definitions of the keys the MRS6100 interacts with the user 4 2 Generating and Sending Signal Tones The MRS6100 can recognize signal tone identifiers from the SoftSwitches or AS Then it generates the related signal tones such a...

Страница 25: ...ement and digit collecting functions for a party in the conference z Provide the enhanced control function over the conference 4 5 Converting Voice Codes The MRS6100 supports various voice codec algorithms such as G 711A u G 723 1 G 726 and G 729A It can convert the codec algorithms as required 4 6 Recording The MRS6100 supports recording for a channel or for the conference It supports several aud...

Страница 26: ... control of the AS the protocols are used in the services provided by the AS such as conferences voice e mail and uniform communications 5 2 MGCP 5 2 1 Brief Introduction RFC2705 defines the API and the related MGCP The MGCP is used to control the voice over IP VoIP gateways from external call control units The MGCP defines a call control structure In this structure call control is separated from ...

Страница 27: ...endpoint is the data source or data sink It can be a physical link or a virtual link running on the physical link For example the interface through which the trunk gateway terminal connects with the PSTN exchange and the E phone interface that the access gateway connects are physical endpoints The audio source in the MRS is a virtual endpoint To create a physical endpoint you need to install the r...

Страница 28: ...essing the media gateway The terminal identifier is separated from the physical interface name by For example suppose that the AMG endpoint is ms cnf 1 mrs6100 huawei com It represents the first endpoint of the ms cnf interface of the MRS media gateway The domian name of the gateway is mrs6100 huawei com For example suppose that the endpoint name of the TMG is X35V3 A4 13 gw23 example net It repre...

Страница 29: ... the first gateway The gateway allocates resources to this connection and responds to the command through a session description 3 The CA provides the second session description to the first endpoint by using the command for modifying connections Once this process is complete the two endpoints can communicate with each other VI Connection identifier The gateway creates the connection It assigns a u...

Страница 30: ... that other entities can obtain the new IP addresses by updating the domain name information In the MGCP CAs and other entities are represented by e mail addresses For example Call agent ca example net represents the CA in the example network Busy signal ann12 example net represents the busy signal in the 12 information server in the example network IX Events signals and packages Events and signal...

Страница 31: ...ckages l hu Onhook event in the line packages l dl Dial tone event in the line packages l hf Flash hook event in the line packages l aw Answer tone event in the line packages l bz Busy tone event in the line packages l wt Call waiting tone event in the line packages l rg Ringing event in the line packages l sl Staccato dial tone event in the line packages M 0 Digit 0 in the MF packages M 0 9 Digit...

Страница 32: ... composed of a list of digits and letters If collected dial sequence matches one of the defined strings it indicates necessary digits have been collected What are supported in the definition of digit strings include the digits from 0 to 9 the letters from A to D the pound sign the asterisk sign the letters T and x and the dot sign The digit strings separated by are alternative number schemes The b...

Страница 33: ... layer bearer system Through MGCP a call agent can run on a universal network computer platform Figure 5 4 shows the structure of the MGCP protocol stack MAC IP UDP MGCP Figure 5 4 MGCP protocol stack MGCP messages are transmitted over UDP IP The transport layer protocol is UDP and the network layer protocol is IP 5 2 4 Message Type I Command Table 5 4 gives the names and corresponding meanings of...

Страница 34: ...MRS to MGC used by the gateway to notify the call agent that a specific event requested to monitor takes place 7 AuditEndpoints AUEP From MGC to MRS used by the call agent to audit the status of an endpoint or a group of endpoints 8 AuditConnectio n AUCX From MGC to MRS used by the call agent to audit the status of a connection on an endpoint 9 RestartInProgre ss RSIP From MRS to MGC used by the g...

Страница 35: ... transaction can not be processed because the endpoint does not have sufficient resources 510 The transaction can not be processed because a protocol error is detected 511 The transaction can not be processed because the command contains an unrecognized extension name 512 The transaction can not be processed because the gateway is not equipped to detect one of the requested events 513 The transact...

Страница 36: ... equipment failure for example 5 2 5 Message Structure I Commands 1 Command format Figure 5 5 shows the format of an MGCP command which consists of a command line and a group of parameter lines A line feed character distinguishes the command line and each parameter line Command name Transaction ID Point Parameter name value Protocol Version MML Parameter line Parameter name value Figure 5 5 Struct...

Страница 37: ...est z RequestIdentifier X RequestIdentifier is used to correlate this request with the notifications that it triggers RequestIdentifier is a hexadecimal string of 32 characters at the maximum z LocalConnectionOptions L The local connection options describe the optional parameters that the call agent recommends to the gateway The parameters include the packing period in milliseconds encoded as the ...

Страница 38: ...twork loopback mode netwtest The gateway places the connection in the network continuity test mode data The gateway uses the circuit for network access for data z RequestedEvents R The RequestedEvents parameter provides a list of events that have been requested Each event can be restricted by a requested action or by a list of actions The actions when specified are encoded as a list of keywords en...

Страница 39: ... of the announcement the string that must be displayed These parameters are encoded as a set of UTF8 character strings separated by commas and enclosed within parenthesis as in S adsi 123456 Francois Gerard S ann no such number 1234567 When several signals are requested their codes are separated by commas for example S asdi 123456 Your friend rg z ObservedEvents O The ObservedEvents parameter prov...

Страница 40: ...r number LA Latency Average latency in milliseconds expressed as an integer number Example P PS 1245 OS 62345 PR 0 OR 0 PL 0 JI 0 LA 48 z ReasonCode E Reason codes are used by the gateway when it deletes a connection to inform the call agent about the reason for deleting the connection They may also be used in a RestartInProgress command to inform the gateway of the reason of the restart The reaso...

Страница 41: ...uestedInfo parameter contains a comma separated list of parameter codes For example if one wants to audit the value of the NotifiedEntity RequestIdentifier RequestedEvents SiganalRequests DigitMap QuarantineHandling DetectEvents and Capabilities parameters the value of the RequestedInfo parameter will be F N X R S D Q T A z QuarantineHandling Q The QuarantineHandling parameter specifies the handli...

Страница 42: ...conds the endpoint has been disconnected Established connections are not affected cancel graceful A cancel graceful method indicates that a gateway is canceling a previously issued graceful restart command Example RM restart z RestartDelay RD The restart delay parameter is expressed as a number of seconds If the number is absent the delay value is considered null In the case of the graceful method...

Страница 43: ...tionDescriptor LC The LocalConnectionDescriptor is a session description that contains information about IP address and port number suitable for the local connection as defined in SDP 3 Command expressions What are within the parenthesis preceded by the command name are input parameters Those enclosed by brackets are optional z EndpointConfiguration EPCF EndpointId BearerInformation z Notification...

Страница 44: ...MGCP 1 0 C a265 L a PCMA P 20 M sendrecv v 0 c IN IP4 182 20 40 4 m audio 30002 RTP AVP 8 The 1st line The CreateConnection command The transaction identifier is 693585490 and it is used to correlate this command with the responses that it triggers It indicates to create a connection between MGC and the first port of the MRS6100 whose domain name is mrs6100 and the interface name is ms cnf The pro...

Страница 45: ...ransported over UDP Udp the DUP protocol At this time the mapping relation from RTP payload type to encoding is that 8 corresponds to the media encoding format PCMA II Responses 1 Response format Similar to the format of MGCP commands the response format is composed of a response line followed by a group of optional parameter lines The response line consists of the response code transaction identi...

Страница 46: ... agent to delete multiple connections DLCX ReturnCode z AuditEndpoint AUEP ReturnCode EndpointIdList RequestedEvents DigitMap SignalRequests Requ estIdentifier NotifiedEntity ConnectionIdentifiers DetectEvents ObservedEvents EventStates BearerInformation RestartReason RestartDelay ReasonCode C apabilities z AuditConnection AUCX ReturnCode Call ID NotifiedEntity LocalConnectionOptions Mode RemoteCo...

Страница 47: ...eams are transferred over RTP UDP There are two classes of protocols defined RTP AVP audio video application document transported over UDP Udp the DUP protocol For audio and video signals 8 0 represents the type of media payload defined in the RTP audio video application document It means that all the formats carried in the session might be used but the first one is the default format for the sess...

Страница 48: ...ablished on endpoints of MG 2 Event 2 MGC sends a response to the registration request sent by MRS The following are RestartInProgress response examples Example 1 200 836 OK z The field 200 indicates the successful receipt of the command The field 836 is a transaction identifier the same as the transaction identifier contained in the command that triggers this response OK is a comment It indicates...

Страница 49: ...git collection 1 Event 1 MGC specifies MRS6100 to send a CRCX command to the Endpoint1 requesting to establish a connection z CRCX encoding CRCX 693585490 ms cnf 1 mrs6100 com MGCP 1 0 C a265 L a PCMA P 20 M sendrecv v 0 c IN IP4 182 20 40 4 m audio 30002 RTP AVP 8 The 1st line the CreateConnection command The transaction identifier is 693585490 used to correlate this command with responses that i...

Страница 50: ...ith MGC The 8th line media description The field audio refers to the media type 30002 is the No of the transport layer port to which media streams are transmitted RTP AVP is the transport layer protocol The field 8 corresponds to the media coding encoding format PCMA z CRCX ACK encoding 200 693585490 OK I 1607901 v 0 c IN IP4 182 20 50 101 m audio 10000 RTP AVP 8 0 18 4 a ptime 20 The field 200 in...

Страница 51: ...contained in the command that triggers this response OK is a comment It indicates that MG has received and is executing the request 3 Event 3 After playing announcements MRS sends the NTFY command to MGC to notify it of the completion z NTFY encoding NTFY 170983911 ms cnf 1 mr6100 com MGCP 1 0 X 1e000424 O oc The 1st line the Notify command The endpoint is ms cnf 1 and the domain name is mrs6100 c...

Страница 52: ...istics information III MRS6100 digit collection flow Figure 5 9 shows the flow of MRS6100 announcement playing and calling under the control of one MGC The connection establishing and deleting have the same flow with the announcement playing Here we only describe the digit collection flow MRS6100 MGC RQNT pc NTFY digit NTFY ACK RQNT ACK 1 2 Figure 5 9 MRS6100 digit collection flow 1 Event 1 After ...

Страница 53: ... is executing the requested command z RQNT ACK encoding 200 1709839323 OK 200 indicates the successful receipt of the command 170983909 is a transaction identifier which is similar to the identifier for the command that triggers this response OK is a comment It indicates that MG has received and is executing the request 2 Event 2 After completing the digit collection MRS sends a NTFY command to MG...

Страница 54: ... the description of MGCP we do not introduce other flows here In the following example it is assumed that z The Endpoint1 ID is ms cnf 1 mrs6100 com z The IP address of MCCU of MRS6100 is 182 20 50 101 MRS6100 MGC CRCX CRCX ACK RQNT pa NTFY NTFY ACK RQNT ACK DLCX DLCX ACK 1 2 3 CRCX ACK CRCX ACK CRCX CRCX 4 5 6 Figure 5 10 MRS6100 conference flow 1 Event 1 MGC specifies MRS6100 to send a CRCX comm...

Страница 55: ... modified according to the successive MDCX z CRCX encoding CRCX 693585491 ms cnf 1 mrs6100 com MGCP 1 0 C a265 L a PCMA P 20 M confrnce v 0 c IN IP4 182 20 40 5 m audio 30004 RTP AVP 8 z CRCX ACK encoding 200 693585491 OK I 1607902 v 0 c IN IP4 182 20 50 101 m audio 10002 RTP AVP 8 0 18 4 3 Event 3 MGC specifies MRS6100 to send a CRCX command to the same Endpoint1 requesting to establish the third...

Страница 56: ...ouncement playing command to MRS to play announcements for the entire conference If the command contains a connection identifier MRS will play announcements to a specified party z RQNT encoding RQNT 170983709 ms cnf 1 mr6100 com MGCP 1 0 X 1e000324 R of oc S BAU pa an HWF001000B lang chi z RQNT ACK encoding 200 170983709 OK 5 Event 5 After the announcement playing is completed MRS sends a NTFY com...

Страница 57: ...bination mode of these two SIP learns from design concepts of other Internet standards and protocols and follows Internet principles including the concision openness compatibility and expandability with security issues taken into account On the other hand SIP comprehensively provides support to traditional PSTN services including IN and ISDN services SIP invitations with session descriptions are u...

Страница 58: ...ser address and then use H 225 0 protocol to establish the call In another example SIP might be used to determine that the callee is reachable through the PSTN and indicate the phone number to be called possibly suggesting an Internet to PSTN gateway to be used SIP does not offer conference control services such as floor control or voting and does not prescribe how a conference is to be managed bu...

Страница 59: ...s Server address parameters header name header value SIP indicates that SIP is used for the communication to the specified end system User name is composed of any characters Generally it can be a phone number or a user name as in E mail address Host is either a domain name or an IPv4 address Port refers to the port number to which a request message is sent The default port number is 5060 the publi...

Страница 60: ...IP user terminal is powered on it starts to register to a registrar For that specific purpose REGISTER request and registration procedure are defined in SIP V Location service A location service is used by a SIP redirect or proxy server to obtain information about a callee s possible location Location services are offered by location servers Location servers may be co located with a SIP server but...

Страница 61: ...ical entity that can initiates or receive SIP requests X User Agent Client UAC UAC is a client application that initiates the SIP request For example SIP Phone is an application of UAC XI User agent server UAS UAS is a client application that receives the SIP request For example MRS6100 is an application of UAS The distinguishing of UAC and UAS is based on one transaction 5 3 3 Protocol Stack Figu...

Страница 62: ...erations Request messages include INVITE ACK OPTIONS BYE CANCEL and REGISTER messages Functions of these messages are listed in Table 5 10 Table 5 10 Request messages Request messages Message meanings INVITE The INVITE message indicates that the user is being invited to participate in a session The message body contains a description of the session to which the callee is being invited For two part...

Страница 63: ...two digits describe the response in detail Table 5 11 shows the classification of response messages and their meanings Table 5 11 Response messages Serial No Status Code Message functions 1xx Informational provisional Indicating the request message has been received and is being processed 100 Trying 180 Ringing 181 Call Is being forwarded 182 Queued 2xx Success The action is successfully received ...

Страница 64: ...10 Gone 413 Request entity too large 414 Request URI too large 415 Unsupported media type 416 Unsupported URI scheme 420 No reply 421 Extension required 423 Interval too short 480 Temporarily unavailable 481 Call leg transaction does not exist 482 Loop detected 483 Too many hops 484 Address incomplete 485 Ambiguous 486 Busy here 487 Request terminated 488 Not acceptable here 491 Request pending 49...

Страница 65: ...ulfilled at any server 600 All busy 603 Decline 604 Not exist anywhere 606 Not acceptable Note Both the request and the response messages contain SIP fields and SIP message fields SDP message fields are added into SIP messages 5 3 5 Message Structure I Request messages 1 Request message format A SIP request consists of the start line message header and message body A line feed character distinguis...

Страница 66: ...y used parameters z Call ID The Call ID field uniquely identifies a particular invitation or all registrations of a particular client A single multimedia conference can give rise to several calls Each call has its own Call ID For example a user can invite a single individual several times to the same long running conference A user may also receive several INVITEs to the same conference or call wit...

Страница 67: ...two user instances sharing the same SIP address use the same Call ID to initiate a call invitation this tag is used for distinguishing purposes The tag value must be globally unique A user should maintain the same Call ID and tag value in the whole process of a call An example of From field From sip 1000 182 20 20 105 tag 1c17691 z To The To field specifies the logical recipient of the request The...

Страница 68: ...peaking CSeq is required for any request that is cancelled by a BYE or CANCEL request and also for continuous requests with the same Call ID sent by the client An example of CSeq field CSeq 1 INVITE z ViaF The Via field indicates the path taken by the request The field can avoid loops during the transport of the request and ensure the same path taken by the responses for example in firewall occasi...

Страница 69: ...If not specified the proxy server or UAC uses a port number 5060 The lifetime of the response should be specified in the ttl parameter If not specified the proxy server or UAC sets it to 1 z Rule 4 If the second Via field does not contain the maddr parameter but has a field tagged by the receiver the proxy server or UAC sends the response to the address specified in the received parameter z Rule 5...

Страница 70: ... be used with the expires field with a value of 0 to remove all registrations of a user In the Contact field the expires parameter optional can also be specified to indicate the expiration interval of the registration If the parameter is not specified the expires field value is taken as its default value If neither case is adopted it is considered that the expiration interval of the SIP URI is one...

Страница 71: ...mat Applications use this field to indicate the size of the message body to the transferred regardless of the media type of the entity If the used transport protocol is based on streams TCP for example this field must be used The size of the message body does not include the carriage return line feed CRLF that separates the message header from the message body The value of Content Length must be e...

Страница 72: ... UAC to terminate the acknowledgement process of the provisional response If a UA wants to send a provisional response carrying a SDP message body UAC and UAS must support and use the 100rel extension to guarantee the reliable transportation of the message An example of Supported field Supported 100rel z User Agent The User Agent field contains information about the UAC originating the request Rev...

Страница 73: ...nce passes the verification the server generates a response with the same algorithm as UA according to the nonce URI username and password the server can obtain the password of the user from the local user information In addition the server compares the generated response with the response carried in the request message If they are identical the user successfully passes the authorization Otherwise...

Страница 74: ...e cnonce parameter Algorithm is used for exchanging algorithms that generate the RESPONSE An example of Authorization field Authorization DIGEST USERNAME 6540012 REALM huawei com NONCE 200361722310491179922 RESPONSE b7c848831dc489f8dc663112b21ad3b6 URI sip 182 20 150 30 3 An example of request message The following is an example of request message encoding INVITE sip dialog vxml digits vxml 182 20...

Страница 75: ...ID field It identifies an INVITE that is globally unique The Call ID is call 973668242 23 182 20 20 105 in which 182 20 20 105 is the IP address of the caller AS and call 973668242 23 is the local ID The 6th line This is a Via field It indicates the path taken by the request SIP 2 0 UDP represents the protocol used for the transmission in which SIP is the protocol name 2 0 is the protocol version ...

Страница 76: ...d file form The 16th line This line contains the session name Each session description must have one and only one session name The 17th line This line contains the connection related data At present the network type and the address type are defined to be IN and IP4 182 20 70 1 may be the IP address of an MG the terminal type is ESL telephone connected to an IAD AG under the control of the SoftX 18...

Страница 77: ...o a UDP port 30000 From the 20th line to 23rd line These lines introduce rtpmap attributes specifying the mapping correspondence from RTP payload type to encoding The format of such a line is a rtpmap payload type encoding name clock rate coding parameter In the format coding parameter refers to the number of audio channels This parameter is unavailable to video signals II Response messages 1 Resp...

Страница 78: ...line Message head Message body Figure 5 13 SIP response message structure 2 Response message parameters Refer to Section 5 3 5 1 Request messages 3 An example of response message The following is an example of SIP response message encoding SIP 2 0 180 Ringing From sip 4444 182 20 20 105 tag 1c25759 To sip dialog vxml digits vxml 182 20 50 1 tag 57a39715 CSeq 1 INVITE Call ID call 973668242 23 182 ...

Страница 79: ...e CSeq field in this response has the same meaning as that in the request described earlier Both are 1 INVITE indicating the response is trigger by the previous request The 5th to 8th lines Refer to An example of request message 5 3 6 Call Flow I Successful call flow Generally MRS6100 only acts as a UAS to receive call requests sent from an AS After a session is created AS can modify session attri...

Страница 80: ...ing 200 OK ACK BYE 200 OK RTP reINVITE Cancel annoucem ent 200 OK ACK INVITE Figure 5 14 Successful call flow Event 1 AS sends an INVITE request to MRS6100 The request contains SDP 1 the session attribute of the remote caller SIP entity IINVITE sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 SIP 2 0 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 Co...

Страница 81: ...t message parameters in Section 5 3 5 1 Request messages Event 2 MRS6100 returns a 100 Trying response to AS to notify it that MRS6100 has received and is processing the request SIP 2 0 100 Trying From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 CSeq 10 INVITE Call ID 4000 182 20 62 2 Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 Content Length 0 Event 3 MRS6100 sends 1...

Страница 82: ... 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 5061 tr ansport udp Content Length 288 Content Type application sdp v 0 o HuaweiMRS6100 1073743905 1073743905 IN IP4 182 20 60 1 s Sip Call c IN IP4 182 20 60 30 t 0 0 m audio 10008 RTP AVP 0 4 8 96 97 18 a rtpmap 0 PCMU 8000 a rtpmap 4 G723 8000 a rtpmap 8 PCMA 8000 a rtpmap 96 telephone event 8000 a rtpmap 97 red 8000 a rtpmap 18 G729 8000 For interpretation of...

Страница 83: ...canceling the announcement playing operation with the reINVITE command INVITE sip annc cancel 182 20 60 1 SIP 2 0 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 tag 1a1e0a 19 Contact sip 182 20 62 2 Call ID 4000 182 20 62 2 CSeq 13 INVITE Content Length 0 Content Type application sdp Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 User Agent MRS6100 DP Event 7 MRS6100 r...

Страница 84: ... 20 60 1 SIP 2 0 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 tag 1a1e0a 19 Call ID 4000 182 20 62 2 CSeq 13 ACK Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 User Agent MRS6100 DP Content Length 0 Event 10 AS sends the announcement playing request with the reINVITE command while playing the welcome1 chi audio file INVITE sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome1 29 1...

Страница 85: ... BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 5061 tr ansport udp Content Length 0 Event 12 AS sends an ACK message to MRS6100 acknowledging the receipt of the final response to the reINVITE request from MRS6100 ACK sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome1 29 182 20 60 1 SIP 2 0 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 tag 1a1e0a 19 Call ID 4000 182...

Страница 86: ...00 182 20 60 1 Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 60 1 5061 branch z9hG4bK3e8156831 Content Length 0 Event 15 AS sends a BYE message requesting to release the connection BYE sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 SIP 2 0 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 8000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome4 29 182 20 60 1 tag 1a1e0a 19 Call ID 4000 182 20 62 2 CSeq 352758950 BYE Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2...

Страница 87: ...nging CANCEL 200 for CANCEL 4XX for INVITE ACK MRS6100 AS INVITE 100 Trying 180 Ringing CANCEL 200 for CANCEL 487 for INVITE ACK SIP terminal INVITE 100 Trying 180 Ringing CANCEL 200 for CANCEL 4XX for INVITE ACK Figure 5 15 Unsuccessful call flow Event 1 AS sends an INVITE request to MRS6100 containing SDP 1 the session attribute of the remote caller SIP entity INVITE sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile ...

Страница 88: ...st messages Event 2 MRS6100 returns a 100 Trying response to AS to notify it that MRS6100 has received and is processing the request SIP 2 0 100 Trying From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 5220000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome2 20it 3d2 20iv 3d20 29 1 82 20 60 1 CSeq 10 INVITE Call ID 2000 182 20 62 2 Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 Content Length 0 Event 3 MRS6100 sends 180 Ringing to AS and t...

Страница 89: ...a welcome2 20it 3d2 20iv 3d20 29 1 82 20 60 1 Call ID 2000 182 20 62 2 CSeq 10 CANCEL Content Length 0 User Agent MRS6100 DP Event 5 MRS6100 returns the CANCEL response SIP 2 0 200 OK From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 5220000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome2 20it 3d2 20iv 3d20 29 1 82 20 60 1 CSeq 10 CANCEL Call ID 2000 182 20 62 2 Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 Content Length 0 Event 6 MRS61...

Страница 90: ...pt of the final response to the INVITE request from MRS6100 ACK sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome2 20it 3d2 20iv 3d20 29 182 2 0 60 1 SIP 2 0 Via SIP 2 0 UDP 182 20 62 2 5060 From sip 1 182 20 62 2 tag 5220000 To sip annc BAU pa 28an 3dfile 3a welcome2 20it 3d2 20iv 3d20 29 1 82 20 60 1 tag 68a574c9 Call ID 2000 182 20 62 2 CSeq 10 ACK User Agent MRS6100 DP Content Length 0 ...

Страница 91: ...ure of the MRS6100 terminal system Lan Switch WS BAM Server Emergency Server To Network Management Center WAN Alarm Box WS Figure 6 1 Structure of MRS6100 terminal system The EAM board in the figure is the BAM server of MRS6100 system 6 1 2 Structure of the Terminal System Software The software of MRS6100 terminal system includes a local maintenance system BAM WS and communication gateway and a ne...

Страница 92: ... The NMS provides an access interface to its upper NMS The BAM and workstations communicate with each other using TCP IP through Ethernet They can also communicate using serial port through communication gateway 6 2 BAM Server The BAM is the server of the MRS6100 operation and maintenance system OMS It works as a bridge between the OMS and the terminals The BAM sends the local or remote OMS comman...

Страница 93: ...he equipment and receives and processes data loading requests and alarms from the equipment The BAM provides two network interfaces to core LAN Switches thereby being connected to the HSCIs in the basic frames The two network interfaces provided by the BAM are respectively in the same network segment with the active standby SMUIs two closed LANs connected to the equipment The connection to a clien...

Страница 94: ...in Dataman Stats Security Manager BAM Service Monitor Monitor Shake hand Exchange MML Server LogMan SQL Server Device MML GUI WS BAM SNTPClient Figure 6 4 BAM software components The BAM software is composed of the following parts z SQL sequential query language Server Storing various service data and providing database support for various service servers z Logman An operation log process responsi...

Страница 95: ...ponsible for processing equipment maintenance commands such as patching programs and tracing signaling z Dataman A data configuration process responsible for processing data configuration and data backup such as processing call prefixes and equipment data 6 2 3 Characteristics of BAM 1 High reliability A carrier class SQL Server is used as a large database system The programs are designed with mul...

Страница 96: ... and the Server Agent and between the remote maintenance workstation and the BAM to transfer ordinary requests and active reports between the remote maintenance workstation and the BAM z Supporting to traverse Proxy and firewall MRS6100 supports user authentication and WindowsNT Challenge Response NTLM authentication at the Proxy Server Through the tunnel technique based on hyper text transport pr...

Страница 97: ...ace signaling and interfaces and observe device state through GUI 5 Openness It uses the standard TCP IP protocol and distributed database technology conforming to the Open Systems Interconnection OSI reference of the International Standard Organization ISO The MRS6100 can be connected to various large databases with transparent access thereby easily providing various value added services and IN s...

Страница 98: ...vigation tree provides an operator with basic operation command sets of MRS6100 Command sets with the same properties are classified on the same branch of the navigation tree Expand the MML command tree and the operator can find a number of MML command nodes Double click an MML command node and the corresponding command input window and prompt window can be opened The operator only needs to type a...

Страница 99: ...e an operator can query and view all alarms and manage the alarms as well Alarm information includes the alarm name generation and restoration time alarm level location information and restoration suggestions III Traffic measurement report system The traffic measurement traffic statistics system performs measurements and statistics on the services and objects of various call types By analyzing the...

Страница 100: ... communication way between the BAM and workstations namely serial communication To achieve such communication you can interconnect the BAM and respective workstations through serial cables Communication gateways include MRS6100 Server Gateway Tool and MRS6100 WorkStation Gateway Tool They fulfill the protocol conversion between the TCP IP network interface and the RS232 serial port The communicati...

Страница 101: ...unication gateway when the BAM or the emergency workstation is connected to the alarm box The WS communication gateway software only includes the WS communication gateway Terminal systems adopt the Ethernet networking mode and the BAM communicates with the WS through TCP IP not through serial ports so the WS communication gateway software is not required ...

Страница 102: ...oups namely G_0 G_63 and two special command groups G_SYS and G_GUEST The super user and the user GUEST respectively own the two special command groups G_0 to G_9 are ten preset command groups and most commands of the system are allocated to them according to their different functions Each command group contains a large number of commands and all operators belonging to this command group have the ...

Страница 103: ...wning G_SYS command group Workstation management includes adding deleting workstation setting querying workstation information and setting workstation alarm output switch Only the super user of the system can perform management of adding deleting workstation and setting workstation information 7 1 3 User Account Management The MRS6100 operating system identifies an operator uniquely through user n...

Страница 104: ...matically backs up data into Flash memory When the system is powered on according to the BAM soft switch you can choose to reload data from the BAM or directly read system data from the Flash memory on this board When the BAM carries out data setting the backup program module of the active board automatically backs up the modified static data to its Flash memory or the memory database of the stand...

Страница 105: ...red After conversion the data can be loaded to the Service Processing Module This operation is needed in the following three cases z The operator forces to regenerate data files z When the operator performs the operations of adding deleting and modifying data with the MML the data management console automatically starts the format conversion command to update data files z After receiving the forma...

Страница 106: ...the security of data the system provides the function to back up BAM registry files and configuration files to the specified directory In case of system failure the operator can restore the system by using the backup database files and configuration files Data backup can be implemented in two ways z Automatic backup of background data z The system data are backed up when the traffic is relatively ...

Страница 107: ...on subsystem I Fault detection subsystem It monitors the running status of devices through various ways such as hardware detection and software detection and reports fault information in time Hardware detection is implemented by each board and its contents include z Operating status of this board normal abnormal active standby z Channel fault z Online offline The operator can find logical errors t...

Страница 108: ... processing module The application module receives the alarms from various source stations as described earlier and then sends them to the alarm processing module of which the repeated alarm check and information verification are completed before database updating Once the database is updated the processing module sends the alarm information back to the application module and reports it to the cli...

Страница 109: ...isplayed even if it is inserted z Alarm reporting path of the power board of basic frame The ALU collects the status signals of the power modules through backplane and drives the indicators on the corresponding panel to indicate the status of the power module Meanwhile the ALU reports the power module status information to the SMU through the serial port bus and the SMU generates an alarm to the B...

Страница 110: ...roperty There are three types of alarms in the system fault alarm recovery alarm and event alarm z Fault alarm refers to the alarm generated due to hardware equipment fault or abnormity in some important functions z Recovery alarm refers to the alarm generated when the faulty equipment or abnormal function recovers to normal It is in one to one correspondence to the fault alarm z Event alarm refer...

Страница 111: ...oses a measurement unit According to the principles mentioned above the MRS6100 traffic statistics system is classified as follows z The statistics function of the traffic statistics system is included in the task type of signaling and interface task measurement z Traffic statistics tasks are classified into four measurement units traffic statistics service failure statistics MGCP protocol statist...

Страница 112: ...the system samples once per second ensuring the accuracy of the traffic strength statistics III Task information query and output z The information query function enables operators to query static data of tasks in the FAM including task status measurement function set task time attributes measurement body and object types z If the operator does not perform measurement statistics of an existing tas...

Страница 113: ...ay occur during the system running so multiple patches are required These patches are numbered according to the creation time and the number is the patch number For example 1 patch and 2 patch z Patch area A space in the system memory reserved specially for storing patches z General patch It is used to solve problems that are common to all users using the same basic version for example bugs in the...

Страница 114: ...n Because online software patching affects the operation of software in CPU only the system administrator can perform this operation IV Self healing capability When the system is faulty such as system power failure or abnormal restart patched modules in the FAM can automatically restore to the previous patched status 7 6 3 Structure The software patching system includes three parts patch creation ...

Страница 115: ...ment module The FAM patch management module is a part of FAM software It functions in z Processing relevant patch commands from BAM to the maintenance interface because device patch management module is a part of the FAM software z Maintaining the module patch status table to keep it consistent with that in the BAM according to the operation commands of users z Receiving patch files separating pat...

Страница 116: ...Bridge 7200 G 723 1 IVR Server 7200 G 723 1 Announcement Server 7200 8 2 System Processing Capability 8 2 1 Processing Capability The processing capability of MRS6100 is 1440 times per second if the average duration is 5 seconds for the system to play an announcement and return the result or to give a prompt collect user information and return the result 8 2 2 Delay Probability In this service mod...

Страница 117: ...ctor 2 U 19 inches At the full configuration the frame is 36 kg in weight 8 4 Reliability Indexes Table 8 3 lists the reliability indices of MRS6100 Table 8 3 Reliability indices of MRS6100 Parameter Index Repair rate 0 3 Usability 99 99983 MTBF 53 years MTTR 48 minutes Pause time 0 89 minutes per year 8 5 Power Supply and Power Consumption I System power consumption Table 8 4lists the power consu...

Страница 118: ...0 LAN Switch 30 Adopt Huawei Quidway S3528G Ethernet switch II Examples of calculating power consumption z Basic cabinet in full configuration including a basic frame and an extended frame The TTS Server and the VPS board are exclusive The maximum power consumption Power consumption frame 1 Basic frame 1 LCD 1 BAM 1 LAN Switch 2 20 1 610 1 680 1 50 1 250 1 30 2 1670W z Extended cabinet in full con...

Страница 119: ...C 70 C Temperature variation rate 1 C min Relative humidity 10 100 Solar radiation 1120 W s Heat radiation 600 W s Wind speed 30 m s II Biologic environment 1 Avoid propagation of microorganisms such as fungi and moulds 2 Avoid damages by rodents such as rats III Air cleanness 1 There must be no explosive conductive magnet conductive and corrosive dust in the air 2 The densities of mechanical acti...

Страница 120: ...m 1 00 3 00 Cl2 mg m 0 10 0 30 HCl mg m 0 10 0 50 HF mg m 0 01 0 03 O3 mg m 0 05 0 10 IV Mechanical stress Table 8 8 Mechanical stress index Item Sub item Scope Offset 7 0 mm Acceleration 20 0 m s Sinusoidal vibration Frequency range 2 9 Hz 9 200 Hz Impulse response spectrum II 250 m s Nonsteady impulse Quiescent load 5 kPa Note z Impact response spectrum The maximum acceleration response curve pr...

Страница 121: ...diation 600 W s Wind speed 20 m s Rain 6 mm min II Biologic environment 1 Avoid propagation of microorganisms such as fungi and moulds 2 Avoid damages by rodents such as rats III Air cleanness 1 There must be no explosive conductive magnet conductive and corrosive dust in the air 2 The densities of mechanical active materials comply with those listed in Table 8 10 Table 8 10 Restrictions on densit...

Страница 122: ...ss index Item Sub item Scope Offset 7 5 mm Acceleration 20 0 m s 40 0 m s Sinusoidal vibration Frequency range 2 9 Hz 9 200 Hz 200 500 Hz Acceleration spectrum density 10 m s 3 m s 1 m s Random vibration Frequency range 2 9 Hz 9 200 Hz 200 500 Hz Impulse response spectrum II 300 m s Nonsteady impulse Quiescent load 10 kPa Note z Impact response spectrum The maximum acceleration response curve prod...

Страница 123: ...tection panels in the front and back of the shelf z Short term means that the consecutive working duration is not more than 48 hours and that the accumulated working duration of a year is not more than 15 days Table 8 14 Other climate requirements Item Scope Altitude 4000m Atmosphere 70 106kPa Temperature change rate 5 C h Solar radiation 700W s Heat radiation 600W s Wind speed 5m s IP level IP50 ...

Страница 124: ... 1 5 Sand mg m 30 Note z Suspended dust diameter 75 Dm z Precipitable dust 75 Dm diameter 150 Dm z Sand 150 Dm diameter 1000 Dm 3 Table 8 16 lists the restrictions on the densities of active chemical materials Table 8 16 Restrictions on the densities of active chemical materials Chemical active material Unit Content SO2 mg m 0 30 1 00 H2S mg m 0 10 0 50 NH3 mg m 1 00 3 00 Cl2 mg m 0 10 0 30 HCl mg...

Страница 125: ...cy range 2 9 Hz 9 200 Hz Impulse response spectrum II 100 m s Nonstable impulse Quiescent load 0 Note z Impact response spectrum The maximum acceleration response curve produced by the equipment under the defined impact excitation Impact response spectrum II means the duration for semisinusoidal impact response spectrum is 6 minutes z Quiescent load The Pressure from above that the equipment with ...

Страница 126: ...w z ITU T G 711 Appendix A z ITU T G 729 z ITU T G 729 Annex A z ITU T G 729 Annex B z ITU T G 723 1 z ITU T G 723 1 Annex A z ITU T G 276 9 3 IEEE Standard The MRS6100 complies with the following IEEE standard z IEEE 802 3u 9 4 IETF Standards The MRS6100 complies with the following IETF standards z IETF RFC0768 User Datagram Protocol UDP z IETF RFC0791 Internet Protocol IP z IETF RFC0792 Internet...

Страница 127: ...RS6100 Media Resource Server Chapter 9 Compliant Standards Huawei Technologies Proprietary 9 2 z IETF RFC 2833 RTP Payload for DTMF Digits Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals z IETF RFC 2327 Session Description Protocol SDP ...

Страница 128: ...sures the normal system status and timely fault alarming through panel indicators and buzzers on the other hand it generates an alarm to the operation and maintenance personnel using the network management mode so as to facilitate maintenance personnel to perform operations and maintenance through console or the NM workstation The system has strong error tolerance ability and it takes processing a...

Страница 129: ...for a specified period the system automatically logs off to prevent the access of unauthorized users 10 2 Reliability 10 2 1 Hardware Reliability The MRS6100 is structured in a distributed manner physically and reliability measures are taken to guarantee the reliability of the hardware system For example the boards in use are designed in the active standby mode in the load sharing mode and with re...

Страница 130: ...rs such as call loss are guaranteed 10 2 2 Software Reliability The MRS6100 software adopts a hierarchical modularized architecture with protective performance error tolerance capability and fault monitoring function I Protection Performance From requirement analysis system design to software test all stages of the development of MRS6100 strictly follow the Capability Maturity Model CMM procedures...

Страница 131: ...Hyper Text Transport Protocol IP Internet Protocol IVR Interactive Voice Response MG Media Gateway MGC Media Gateway Controller MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol MML Man Machine Language MRS Media Resource Server NGN Next Generation Network PBX Private Branch Exchange PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network RTP Real Time Protocol RTCP Real Time Control Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Prot...

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