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HP 83487A Скачать руководство пользователя страница 54

3-18

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

External Scale

Both optical and electrical channels have an External scale setting which
allows the user to enter in an offset value to compensate for gains or losses not
associated with the device under test. This feature is useful for adjusting out
the effects of devices such as test fixtures and attenuators so that the reading
on the display gives the measurement value associated with only the actual
device under test.

To adjust the external scale

1

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

SETUP

key.

2

Press

External scale

, and set the

Atten units

to "decibel".

3

Press

Attenuation

, and enter the appropriate values.

Figure 3-6. External Scale Menu

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Содержание 83487A

Страница 1: ...User s Guide HP 83487A Optical Electrical Plug In Module ...

Страница 2: ...installed on that instrument Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or firmware will be uninter rupted or error free Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfac ing unauthorized modifica tion or misuse operation outside of the enviro...

Страница 3: ...obe power connector One auxiliary power connector The purpose of the plug in module is to provide measurement channels including sampling for the mainframe The plug in module scales the input signal sets the bandwidth of the system and allows the offset to be adjusted so the signal can be viewed The output of the plug in module is an analog sig nal that is applied to the ADCs on the acquisition bo...

Страница 4: ...power levels exceed 10 dBm 10 mW on the optical channel or 2 V peak ac 16 dBm on the electrical channel To prevent input damage this specified level must not be exceeded Measurement accuracy it s up to you Fiber optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories The HP 83487A optical electrical plug in module s front panel INPUT connector is no exception ...

Страница 5: ...ly WA R N IN G There are many points in the system which can if contacted cause personal injury Be extremely careful Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the system with protective covers removed should be performed only by Hewlett Packard personnel WA R N IN G NO OPERATOR SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE Refer servicing to qualified Hewlett Packard personnel To prevent electric...

Страница 6: ...vi General Safety Considerations ...

Страница 7: ...tup Menu 2 2 Displaying the Channel Setup Menus 2 5 3 Calibration Overview Factory Calibrations 3 4 User Calibrations Optical and Electrical 3 7 Complete Calibration Summary 3 19 4 Specifications and Regulatory Information Specifications 4 3 Characteristics 4 8 Declaration of Conformity 4 9 5 Reference In Case of Difficulty 5 2 Measuring High Power Waveforms 5 6 Error Messages 5 10 Electrostatic D...

Страница 8: ...Contents 2 Contents ...

Страница 9: ...ical Electrical Plug In Module 1 3 Options and Accessories 1 7 Menu and Key Conventions 1 9 Step 1 Inspect the Shipment 1 10 Step 2 Install the Plug in Module 1 11 Returning the Instrument for Service 1 12 Getting Started ...

Страница 10: ...mation for informa tion on operating conditions such as temperature C AUT IO N This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION DEGREE 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively C AUT IO N The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge ESD Therefore avoid applying static discharges to the front panel input connectors Before connecting any coaxial cable to the conne...

Страница 11: ...o provide both accurate display of the received optical waveform in optical power units and measurement of the signal s aver age power In addition the User Cal feature provides for consistent accuracy at any wavelength between 750 nm and 860 nm using a source and power meter The HP 83487A optical electrical plug in module also is a calibrated reference receiver that is measured to conform to speci...

Страница 12: ...d calibrated optical channel with sensitivity to below 17 dBm 12 4 GHz and 20 GHz electrical channel Trigger channel input to the mainframe Switchable reference filters for transceiver compliance testing Compliance testing at Fibre Channel 1063 and Gigabit Ethernet 1250 rates Measurement capability for single mode or multimode optical signals ...

Страница 13: ...le has two channel inputs and an external trigger input The front panel also has a Probe Power connector for HP 54700 series probes an Aux Power connector for general purpose use and a key for each channel that displays the softkey menu The softkey menu allows you to access the channel setup features of the plug in module The front power Probe Power connector allows automatic channel scaling and p...

Страница 14: ...ger 4 C AUT IO N The maximum safe input voltage is 2 V peak ac 16 dBm C AUT IO N The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge ESD Therefore avoid applying static discharges to the front panel input connectors Before connecting any coaxial cable to the connectors momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together Avoid touching the front panel input connectors w...

Страница 15: ...r Option 041 1063 and 1250 Mb s switchable internal filters Optional accessories HP 10086A ECL terminator HP 11982A high speed lightwave receiver HP 54006A 6 GHz divider probe HP 54008A 22 ns delay line HP 54118A 500 MHz to 18 GHz trigger HP 83430A lightwave digital source HP 83440B C D high speed lightwave receiver HP 83446A B lightwave clock and data receiver HP 83447A lightwave trigger receiver...

Страница 16: ...1 8 Getting Started Options and Accessories HP 81000SI DIN 47256 4108 6 connector interface HP 81000VI ST connector interface HP 81000WI Biconic ...

Страница 17: ...essed and which menu is selected Shifted functions are indicated by the front panel Shift key followed by for example the Local function above the Stop Single front panel key and will be shown as Shift Local A softkey with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the softkey s function on or off To turn the function on press the softkey so that On is highlighted To turn the function off press t...

Страница 18: ...r HP part number 5061 5311 2 each SMA 50Ω termination HP part number 1810 0118 2 each If your shipment is damaged or incomplete save the packing materials and notify both the shipping carrier and the nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service office HP will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged or incom plete shipments without waiting for a settlement from the transportation com pany Notify ...

Страница 19: ... the plug in module are spring loaded so fin ger tighten the knurled screw on the front panel of the plug in module to make sure the plug in is securely seated in the mainframe C AUT IO N Do not use non HP extender cables to operate the plug in module outside of the mainframe The plug in module can be damaged by improper grounding when using extender cables Note If you wish to use the HP 83487A op...

Страница 20: ... If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an HP maintenance contract it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract the warranty is at the front of this manual If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an HP maintenance plan Hewlett Packard will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit When an instrument is returned t...

Страница 21: ... cal data disks 2 Cover all front or rear panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument C AUT IO N Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust C AUT IO N Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the origi...

Страница 22: ... and prevent it from moving in the carton If packing foam is not available the best alternative is S D 240 Air Cap from Sealed Air Corporation Commerce California 90001 Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles Use the pink antistatic Air Cap to reduce static electricity Wrapping the instrument several times in this ma terial will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving ...

Страница 23: ...2 Channel Setup Menu 2 2 Displaying the Channel Setup Menus 2 5 Channel Setup Menu ...

Страница 24: ...earth grounded to prevent buildup of static charge Refer to Electrostatic Discharge Information on page 5 12 At the top of the plug in module are the Channel keys These keys give you access to the Channel Setup menu for each input The Channel Setup menu is displayed on the right side of the screen when the Channel key is pressed There are several types of softkeys available A description of the di...

Страница 25: ...2 3 Channel Setup Menu Channel Setup Menu Figure 2 1 Optical Channel Setup menu ...

Страница 26: ...2 4 Channel Setup Menu Channel Setup Menu Figure 2 2 Electrical Channel Setup menu ...

Страница 27: ...ying the Channel Setup Menus To display the optical Channel Setup menu press the Optical Channel key located above the optical input connector To display the electrical Channel Setup menu press the Electrical Channel key located above the electrical input connector ...

Страница 28: ...ormed The automatic mea surement results share the same area of the display as the channel setups When the channel display is off the waveform display for that channel is turned off pulse parameter measurements are stopped and acquisition on that channel is stopped unless it is needed as an operand for waveform math functions Even though the channel display is off you can still use the plug in as ...

Страница 29: ...ectrical channels is the voltage at the center of the graticule area and the range of offset is 12 times the full resolution chan nel scale For optical channels the offset wattage is the wattage two graticule divisions above the bottom of the screen This is set because unlike voltage displays negative power levels do not exist but the zero power level can be viewed clearly when the offset is set t...

Страница 30: ...dth Wavelength Filter On Off Wavelength This function is available on the optical channel only The Wavelength function selects the desired wavelength for calibrated mea surements The factory calibrated wavelength is 850 nm A user calibrated wavelength is also available and can be calibrated in the range from 750 nm to 860 nm Refer to Chapter 3 Calibration Overview for additional information on per...

Страница 31: ...le setting with the highest resolution that will not clip the waveform Timebase and trigger settings are not affected This function is useful in manufacturing environments where the timebase and trigger settings remain constant and only the vertical scale needs to be adjusted for signal level variations in multiple devices under test Key Path Channel Channel autoscale ...

Страница 32: ...t matches the device connected to the analyzer When the attenuation is set correctly the analyzer maintains the current scale factors if possible All marker values and voltage or wattage measurements will reflect the actual signal at the input to the exter nal device The attenuation range is from 0 0001 1 to 1 000 000 1 When you connect a compatible active probe to the probe power connector adjace...

Страница 33: ...xt offset When you select Ampere Watt or unknown on an electrical channel or Volt age on an optical channel two additional functions become available External Gain and External Offset These two additional functions allow you to com pensate for the actual characteristics of the probe rather than the ideal char acteristics For example you might have an amplified lightwave converter with ideal charac...

Страница 34: ...ths It also allows you to place the triggered edge at the center of the display when you are using a power splitter connected between the channel and trigger inputs Another use for skew is when you are comparing two waveforms that have a timing difference If you are interested in comparing the shapes of two waveforms rather than the actual timing difference you can use Skew to overlay one waveform...

Страница 35: ...ast mainframe calibration was performed The number indicates how many degrees warmer or cooler the mainframe is compared to the last calibration Channel 1 Calibration Status The instrument displays Calibrated or Uncalibrated depending on whether the last plug in module calibration is still valid A calibration can be invalidated if The mainframe has cycled power The plug in has been repaired reprog...

Страница 36: ...d if the plug in module has not been removed and reinstalled Performing an Offset zero calibration is much faster than performing a com plete vertical calibration Key Path Channel Calibrate Offset zero O E cal The plug in module is provided with factory optical calibrations at 850 nm and 1550 nm The O E cal function allows you to calibrate the instrument for use at one additional user defined wave...

Страница 37: ...3 Factory Calibrations 3 4 User Calibrations Optical and Electrical 3 7 Complete Calibration Summary 3 19 Calibration Overview ...

Страница 38: ...s The first section describes factory calibrations A factory calibration consists of verifying instrument perfor mance to all specifications If an instrument fails to meet specifications adjustment or repair may be necessary For most users this will mean ship ping the instrument back to an authorized service center Some users may purchase the required instrumentation and perform the factory timeba...

Страница 39: ...truments to meet specifications over the recommended calibra tion interval provided that the instrument is operated within the specified operating environment To maintain specifications periodic recalibrations are necessary We recommend that the plug in module be calibrated at an HP ser vice facility every 12 months Users are encouraged to adjust the calibration cycle based on their particular ope...

Страница 40: ...cted or unprotected Next to the switch there is a Table 3 1 Factory Calibration Summary Calibration What is calibrated Measurements Affected Recommended Interval Softkey Path Mainframe Calibration Accuracy and continuity of the timescale Channels affected optical electrical All time base measurements such as rise time fall time eye width and jitter Annually at HP service center or if operating tem...

Страница 41: ... the HP 83480A 54750A Service Guide A mainframe calibration should be performed on a periodic basis annually or when the ambient operating temperature has changed by and remains 5 C dif ferent than the operating temperature at which the last mainframe calibration was performed To see how much the operating temperature has changed since the last mainframe calibration and the date of the last mainfr...

Страница 42: ...ll optical channel measurements is dependent on proper O E calibration O E calibrations should be performed annually Most customers return their optical plug ins to an authorized HP ser vice center for this calibration at the same time they are having their main frames re calibrated The HP 83480 series optical modules have one or two standard wavelengths 850 nm or 1310 1550 nm The O E Calibration ...

Страница 43: ...s have calibration procedures for adjusting timebase skew monitoring and adjusting internal offsets performing a user defined O E responsivity adjustment C AUT IO N The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge ESD Avoid applying static discharges to the front panel input connectors Before connecting a coaxial cable to the connectors momentarily short the center and outer connectors...

Страница 44: ... temperature changes by more than 2 C Utility Calibrate Calibrate Plug in Offset Zero Calibration Vertical offset is calibrated for the optical channel only This calibration doesn tincludevertical scale accuracy Channels affected optical Any optical vertical measurements including Vp to p eye height and extinction ratio Perform a plug in vertical calibration in order to meet published specificatio...

Страница 45: ... Summary Calibration What is calibrated Measurements Affected Recommended Interval Key Path Probe calibration Probe Attenuation Channels affected electrical Any electrical measurement taken with the probe Whenever a probe is connected Electrical Channel Setup Calibrate Calibrate probe Channel Skew Calibrates out the small differences in delay between channels Useful for looking at timing differenc...

Страница 46: ...er wavelength calibration 1 Press the plug in module s front panel optical channel SETUP key 2 Press Bandwidth wavelength and then wavelength 3 Press Usr wavelength and then Enter NOTE The optical channel calibration accuracy is heavily dependent on the accuracy to which you know the optical source power For best results measure the optical source power with an optical power meter such as the HP 8...

Страница 47: ...hich the Plug in calibration was performed To obtain the best measurement results it is recommended that a user verti cal calibration be performed after every 10 hours of continuous use or if the temperature has changed by greater than 2 C from the previous vertical cali bration To view the temperature change This procedure displays the temperature change that the instrument has undergone since th...

Страница 48: ...l is offset drift this function is useful between the plug in module vertical calibrations if the plug in module has not been removed or reinstalled and the operating temperature has not changed more than 5 C In order to ensure that instrument specifications are met perform the plug in vertical calibration Performing an offset zero calibration is much faster than performing a com plete vertical ca...

Страница 49: ...Dark calibrations should be done for the following conditions Before any critical extinction ratio measurements are made After a plug in vertical calibration If a module has been removed If the mainframe power has been cycled If extinction ratio measurements are being made after the vertical scale or the offset has changed If the line power has been cycled the dark calibration invokes either the o...

Страница 50: ...ion In addition the dark level amplitude when there is no signal present must be on the screen to perform a dark calibration 2 Press the blue shift key and then the Meas eye softkey which is located beneath the display 3 Press Extinction ratio and then Dark cal Disconnect all inputs from the module including the trigger signal and block any ambient light to the photodetector with a connector plug ...

Страница 51: ...that the rising edges are at about a 45 angle 3 Press the plug in module s front panel channel SETUP key 4 Press Calibrate and then Skew 5 Adjust the skew on one of the channels so that the rising edges overlap at the 50 points Probe Calibration Probe calibration applies to electrical measurements only For active probes such as the HP 54701A which the instrument can identify through the probe powe...

Страница 52: ...libration to calibrate any network including probes or cable assemblies The instrument calibrates the voltage at the tip of the probe or the cable input To calibrate an HP identifiable probe 1 Press the plug in module s front panel channel SETUP key 2 Press Calibrate and then Calibrate Probe To calibrate a non identifiable probe 1 Connect the voltage probe to the plug in 2 Attach the probe tip to ...

Страница 53: ...nown Instead set the external gain and external offset to compensate for the actual characteristics of the probe or device If you do not know the actual characteristics you can refer to the typical specifications that came with the probe or device 1 Press the plug in module s front panel channel SETUP key 2 Press External scale 3 Press Atten units Ratio Attenuation 1 1 and then Units Ampere Volt W...

Страница 54: ...evice under test This feature is useful for adjusting out the effects of devices such as test fixtures and attenuators so that the reading on the display gives the measurement value associated with only the actual device under test To adjust the external scale 1 Press the plug in module s front panel channel SETUP key 2 Press External scale and set the Atten units to decibel 3 Press Attenuation an...

Страница 55: ...ptical Amplitude accuracy of all optical channel measurements Optical power meter accuracy Annual factory re calibration of standard wavelengths Not user accessible a O E User Wavelength Calibration The photodetector responsivity Channels affected optical All optical channel measurements at user wavelengths Annual re calibration of user defined non factory wavelengths Optical Channel Setup Calibra...

Страница 56: ...ction ratio algorithm Channels affected optical electrical Extinction ratio Before extinction ratio measurements if the vertical scale or offset has changed since the last dark calibration or after a plug in vertical calibration is performed Shift Meas eye Extinction ratio Dark Cal Probe calibration Probe Attenuation Channels affected electrical Any electrical measurement taken with the probe When...

Страница 57: ...Channels affected optical electrical Any measurement taken through an external device component or transducer Whenever using external devices component or transducer Channel Setup External Scale a Refer to O E User Wavelength Calibration on page 3 9 Table 3 4 Complete Calibration Summary 3 of 3 Calibration What is calibrated Measurements Affected Recommended Interval Key Path ...

Страница 58: ...3 22 Calibration Overview Complete Calibration Summary ...

Страница 59: ...4 Specifications 4 3 Characteristics 4 8 Declaration of Conformity 4 9 Specifications and Regulatory Information ...

Страница 60: ...ifications Specifications described warranted performance Characteristics Characteristics provide useful nonwarranted information about the func tions and performance of the instrument Characteristics are printed in italics Calibration cycle HP designs instruments to meet specifications over the recommended calibra tion interval provided that the instrument is operated within the specified operati...

Страница 61: ...r Timecal c reading 20 GHz 0 4 of full scale 2 mV 3 of reading channel offset 2 C Tcal b reading 0 4 hr Timecal c reading dc Difference two marker accuracy on same channel a 12 4 GHz 0 8 of full scale 1 5 of delta marker reading 2 C Tcal b reading 0 4 hr Timecal c reading 20 GHz 0 8 of full scale 3 of delta marker reading 2 C Tcal b reading 0 4 hr Timecal c reading Transition Time 10 to 90 calcula...

Страница 62: ...ation be performed after every 10 hours of continuous use or if the temperature has changed by greater than 2 C from the previous vertical calibration b Where Tcal represents the temperature change in Celsius from the last user vertical calibration Note that the temperature term goes to zero upon execution of a vertical calibration c Where Timecal represents the time since the last user vertical c...

Страница 63: ... reading 0 4 hr Timecal e reading Transition Time 10 to 90 calculated from T 0 48 bandwidth optical 160 ps unfiltered mode RMS Noise filtered or unfiltered mode Characteristic 1 5 µW Maximum 2 5 µW Scale Factor full scale is eight divisions Minimum 5 µW div Maximum 100 µW div dc Offset Range 0 2 mW to 0 6 mW referenced to two divisions above bottom of screen Connector Type 62 5 125 µm maximum mult...

Страница 64: ...l calibration d Where Tcal represents the temperature change in Celsius from the last user vertical calibration Note that the temperature term goes to zero upon execution of a vertical calibration e Where Timecal represents the time since the last user vertical calibration The uncertainty due to time typically stabilizes after 24 hours This term goes to zero upon execution of a vertical calibratio...

Страница 65: ...4 7 Specifications and Regulatory Information Specifications Table 4 4 Power Requirements Supplied by mainframe Table 4 5 Weight Net approximately 1 2 kg 2 6 lb Shipping approximately 2 1 kg 4 6 lb ...

Страница 66: ...he HP 54701A Active Probe Service Guide for complete probe characteristics Refer to the HP 83480A 54750A User s Guide for trigger specifications Table 4 6 Trigger Input Characteristics for Electrical and Optical Channels Nominal Impedance 50 Ω Input Connector 3 5 mm m Trigger Level Range 1 V Maximum Safe Input Voltage 2 Vdc ac peak 16 dBm Percent Reflection 10 for 100 ps rise time ...

Страница 67: ...4 9 Specifications and Regulatory Information Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity ...

Страница 68: ...4 10 Specifications and Regulatory Information Declaration of Conformity ...

Страница 69: ...fficulty 5 2 Measuring High Power Waveforms 5 6 Error Messages 5 10 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5 12 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 5 14 Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices 5 25 Reference ...

Страница 70: ...e being performed when the problem occurred Before calling Hewlett Packard or returning the unit for service a few minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your instrument to be repaired This chapter also includes information regarding measuring high power wave forms with the HP 83480 HP 83487A electrostatic discharge ESD proce dures for cleaning both optical and electrical...

Страница 71: ... power Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source Is the mainframe turned on Is the rear panel line switch set to on Will the mainframe power up without the plug in module installed If the mainframe still does not power up refer to the optional HP 83480A 54750A Service Guide or return the mainframe to a qualified service depart ment ...

Страница 72: ...ed Are the connectors clean See Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measure ments on page 5 14 for more information 2 Perform the following procedures Make sure the instrument is ready to acquire data by pressing Run Find any signals on the channel inputs by pressing Autoscale See if any signals are present at the channel inputs by pressing Trigger Sweep freerun After viewing the signal press trigge...

Страница 73: ...rame may need to have the latest operating system firmware installed Options 001 and 002 provide this firmware on a 3 5 inch diskette To load new firmware follow the instructions provided with this diskette If you do not have the optional diskette contact your local HP Sales and Service Office refer to Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices on page 5 25 If the mainframe firmware is current and ...

Страница 74: ...vershoot is 100 the peak power seen by the HP 83487A is 800 µW with 100 overshoot present peak power is roughly four times aver age power This power level is likely to cause amplifier saturation and wave form distortion If tests are made in the HP 83487A filtered mode the overshoot is suppressed by the filtering that takes place after the amplifica tion Post amplification filtering can hide the ov...

Страница 75: ... is that the maximum peak signal at the instrument input must be below 400 µW 4 dBm Again this is peak power and should not be confused with average power Attenuation is not required for signals that do not exceed 400 µW peak Table 5 1 on page 5 8 shows the conversion from average power to peak power when the overshoot is 100 the peak power is double the 1 level power and the attenuation needed to...

Страница 76: ...be accounted for and removed from the measurement Press the Optical Channel Setup key above the optical con nector and then the External scale softkey Enter in the value of the attenuator and the instrument will then read the true signal level prior to attenuation You can then go back and measure the peak power on the eye diagram again If this measurement is the same as the original peak measureme...

Страница 77: ...vice under test and you want to use the high sensitivity of the HP 83487A C AUT IO N The fiber optic connectors on the 5 dB attenuator like all fiber optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories Before making any connections to the attenuator refer to Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements on page 5 14 Summary The HP 83480A with the HP 83487...

Страница 78: ...ug in The mainframe could not correctly read the contents of the memory in the plug in 1 Remove and reinstall the plug in module Each time a plug in is installed the mainframe re reads the memory in the plug in module 2 Verify the plug in module is firmly seated in the mainframe slot 3 Verify the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug in module are finger tight 4 Install the plug in in a differe...

Страница 79: ...plug in module 2 Verify the plug in module is firmly seated in the mainframe slot 3 Verify the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug in module are finger tight 4 The standard HP 54750A mainframe does not accept the HP 83487A optical electrical plug in module optical electrical plug in module To use the module a firmware upgrade must first be installed Order the HP 83480K communications firmware...

Страница 80: ...amage or destroy electronic components All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static safe work station The following figure shows an example of a static safe work station using two types of ESD protection Conductive table mat and wrist strap combination Conductive floor mat and heel strap combination ...

Страница 81: ...g ESD Damage The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during testing and servicing operations Personnel should be grounded with a resistor isolated wrist strap before re moving any assembly from the unit Be sure all instruments are properly earth grounded to prevent a buildup of static charge Table 5 2 Static Safe Accessories HP Part Number Description 9300 0797 Set include...

Страница 82: ...rences in connector types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in position against another identical ferrule Connectors also vary in the polish curve and concentricity of the core within the cladding Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter Hewlett Packard offers adapters for most instru ments to allow testing with many different cables The Figure 5 1 on pag...

Страница 83: ...ile not the highest perform ing connector it represents a good compromise between performance reli ability and cost If properly maintained and cleaned this connector can withstand many repeated connections However many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors including the FC PC style can deliver These instruments cannot tolerate connectors with the large non conce...

Страница 84: ...ss section of the Diamond HMS 10 connector The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired position This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near center location then uses a post active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0 2 µm This process plus the keyed axis allows very precise cor...

Страница 85: ...aces it is clear that any degra dation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber any stray particles or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance Figure 5 4 shows the end of a clean fiber optic cable The dark circle in the center of the micrograph is the fiber s 125 µm core and cladding which carries the light The surrounding area is the soft nickel silver ferrule Figure 5 5 sho...

Страница 86: ...Reference Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements Figure 5 4 Clean problem free fiber end and ferrule Figure 5 5 Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning Figure 5 6 Damage from improper cleaning ...

Страница 87: ...onnector or adapter Avoid over tightening connections Unlike common electrical connections tighter is not better The purpose of the connector is to bring two fiber ends together Once they touch tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers With connec tors that have a convex fiber end the end can be pushed off axis resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss M...

Страница 88: ...turn loss con nection If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon receipt and retain the measured data for comparison you will be able to tell in the future if any degradation has occurred Typical values are less than 0 5 dB of loss and sometimes as little as 0 1 dB of loss with high performance con nectors Return loss is a measure of reflection the less reflect...

Страница 89: ...more than one cleaning C AUT IO N Hewlett Packard strongly recommends that index matching compounds not be applied to their instruments and accessories Some compounds such as gels may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates If you think the use of such compounds is necessary refer to the compound manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures Table 5 3 Cle...

Страница 90: ...he swab and become a gouging element 5 Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean dry lint free cotton swab or lens paper 6 Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered dry compressed air Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the fiber end face Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used C AUT IO N Do not shake tip or invert compressed air ...

Страница 91: ...am swabs listed in this section s introduction are small enough to fit into adapters Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits these deposits are very thin and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly out weighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs 2 Clean the adapter with the foam swab 3 Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean dry foam swab 4 Blow through...

Страница 92: ...ating plane surfaces Do not set connectors contact end down Visual Inspection Inspect all connectors carefully before every connection Look for metal particles scratches and dents Do not use damaged connectors Cleaning Try cleaning with compressed air first Clean the connector threads Do not use abrasives Do not get liquid onto the plastic support beads Making Connections Align connectors carefull...

Страница 93: ...wood CO 80112 303 649 5000 Georgia Hewlett Packard Company 2000 South Park Place Atlanta GA 30339 404 955 1500 Illinois Hewlett Packard Company 5201 Tollview Drive Rolling Meadows IL 60008 708 342 2000 New Jersey Hewlett Packard Company 150 Green Pond Road Dock 1 Rockaway NJ 07866 201 586 5910 Texas Hewlett Packard Company 930 East Campbell Road Richardson TX 75081 214 231 6101 EUROPEAN FIELD OPER...

Страница 94: ...oad Trans Canada Highway Kirkland Quebec H9J 2X8 Canada 514 697 4232 China China Hewlett Packard Company 38 Bei San Huan X1 Road Shuang Yu Shu Hai Dian District Beijing China 86 1 256 6888 Japan Hewlett Packard Japan Ltd 9 1 Takakura Cho Hachioji Shi Tokyo 192 Japan 81 427 59 1311 Singapore Hewlett Packard Singapore Ltd Pte Ltd Alexandra P O Box 87 Singapore 9115 65 271 9444 Taiwan Hewlett Packard...

Страница 95: ... Calibration Status message 2 13 Channel autoscale softkey 2 9 Channel key 1 2 2 2 cleaning adapters 5 23 fiber optic connections 5 14 5 22 non lensed connectors 5 22 compressed dust remover 5 21 connector care 5 14 care manual 5 24 cotton swabs 5 21 Current Date message 2 13 Current Frame Delta Temp 2 13 customer assistance v D damaged shipment 1 10 decibel calculation 2 10 declaration of conform...

Страница 96: ... to electrical converter scaling 2 10 options 1 7 P packaging for shipment 1 13 plug in message 2 14 plug in module features iii front panel 1 5 serial number 1 10 plug in module vertical calibration 3 11 power level 2 7 maximum input iv probe attenuation 2 10 2 14 attenuation factor 2 10 characteristics 2 11 power 2 7 power connector 1 5 probe calibration 3 14 3 15 pulse parameter measurements 2 ...

Страница 97: ... 2 7 2 11 user calibrations 3 7 V vertical measurement 2 11 scale 2 6 2 9 waveform 2 7 voltage measurement 2 10 probe 2 14 voltage probe calibration 3 15 W wattage measurement 2 10 waveform display 2 6 horizontal 2 12 waveforms high power 5 6 Wavelength key 2 8 wavelength settings 2 8 ...

Страница 98: ...Index 4 Index ...

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