Главная
/
Hanna Instruments
/
HI 904
/
Быстрый старт

Hanna Instruments HI 904, Быстрый старт

Поделиться

Страница: 151 / 180

Hanna Instruments HI 904 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 151

7,75$7,217+(25<

&RQWHQWV

*(1(5$/5(9,(:2)7,75$7,217+(25<

,QWURGXFWLRQWR7LWUDWLRQV
8VHVRI7LWUDWLRQV
$GYDQWDJHVDQG'LVDGYDQWDJHVRI7LWUDWLRQV

7<3(6 2) 7,75$7,21

7LWUDWLRQV$FFRUGLQJWR7KH0HDVXUHPHQW0HWKRG

$PSHURPHWULF 7LWUDWLRQV
3RWHQWLRPHWULF7LWUDWLRQV
6SHFWURSKRWRPHWULF7LWUDWLRQV

7LWUDWLRQV$FFRUGLQJWR7KH5HDFWLRQ7\SH

.DUO)LVFKHU7LWUDWLRQV

+LVWRU\RI.DUO)LVFKHU7LWUDWLRQV
9ROXPHWULF.DUO)LVFKHU7LWUDWLRQV
&RXORPHWULF.DUO)LVFKHU7LWUDWLRQV
*HQHUDWRU(OHFWURGHVZLWK'LDSKUDJP
*HQHUDWRU(OHFWURGHZLWKRXW'LDSKUDJP
9LVXDO,QGLFDWLRQRI.DUO)LVKHU7LWUDWLRQV
(OHFWURPHWULF,QGLFDWLRQRI.DUO)LVKHU7LWUDWLRQV

$FLG%DVH7LWUDWLRQV
$UJHQWRPHWULF 7LWUDWLRQV
&RPSOH[RPHWULF 7LWUDWLRQV
,RQ6HOHFWLYH7LWUDWLRQV
1RQDTXHRXV6ROYHQW$FLG%DVH7LWUDWLRQV
3UHFLSLWDWLRQ7LWUDWLRQV
5HGR[7LWUDWLRQV

7LWUDWLRQV$FFRUGLQJWR7KH7LWUDWLRQ6HTXHQFH

%DFN7LWUDWLRQV
0XOWLSOH(QG3RLQW7LWUDWLRQV

,1752'8&7,21727,75$7,21$33$5$786$1'7<3,&$/7,75$7,21352&('85(

0DQXDO 7LWUDWLRQ
$XWRPDWLF 7LWUDWLRQ

7,75$7,21 5(68/76

$FFXUDF\
5HSHDWDELOLW\
6RXUFHVRI(UURU

6DPSOLQJ (UURUV
(UURUVZLWK7LWUDQWDQG6WDQGDUG

3UHSDUDWLRQ(UURUV

«
...
149
150
151
152
153
...
»

Содержание HI 904

Страница 1: ... 48 67 57 8 5 6 5 28 20 75 7 75 725 5HYLVLRQ ZZZ KDQQDLQVW FRP ...

Страница 2: ...U LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU WKH FRUUHFW XVH RI WKH LQVWUXPHQW 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV JXLGH LV WR SUHVHQW D TXLFN RYHUYLHZ RI VHWWLQJ XS DQG XVLQJ WKH LQVWUXPHQW RU GHWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ LOOXVWUDWLQJ WKH H WHQVLYH FDSDELOLWLHV RI RXU WLWUDWRU SOHDVH UHIHU WR WKH QVWUXFWLRQ 0DQXDO DQQD QVWUXPHQWV OO ULJKWV DUH UHVHUYHG 5HSURGXFWLRQ LQ ZKROH RU LQ SDUW LV SURKLELWHG ZLWKRXW WKH ZULWWHQ FRQVHQW RI WKH FRS ULJKW RZQ...

Страница 3: ... 48 67 57 8 RQWHQWV 1752 8 7 21 6 7 0 685 6 7 75 725 211 7 216 86 5 17 5 2 72 6 7 285 1 8 2 72 86 7 217 78 3 0 7 2 6 25 3 5 250 1 7 567 7 75 7 21 2 72 3 5 250 7 567 7 75 7 21 ...

Страница 4: ... 48 67 57 8 ...

Страница 5: ...LQ WKH FRQVWDQW FXUUHQW EHWZHHQ WKH SLQV RI WKH HOHFWURGH 7KH HQGSRLQW GHWHFWLRQ DOJRULWKP LQFRUSRUDWHG LQ WKH DQDO HV ERWK WKH HOHFWURGH UHVSRQVH WR LQGLYLGXDO DGGLWLRQV RI LRGLQH DQG WKH VKDSH RI WKH HQWLUH WLWUDWLRQ FXUYH LQ RUGHU WR GHWHUPLQH WKH HQGSRLQW RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ 7LWUDWLRQ UHSRUWV DQG PHWKRGV FDQ EH WUDQVIHUUHG WR D 3 YLD D 86 LQWHUIDFH VDYHG WR D 86 IODVK GULYH RU SULQWHG GLUHFWO IUR...

Страница 6: ... YHVVHO DUH SURSHUO DVVHPEOHG OZD V ZLSH XS VSLOOV DQG VSODVKHV LPPHGLDWHO YRLG WKH IROORZLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQV 6HYHUH YLEUDWLRQV LUHFW VXQOLJKW WPRVSKHULF UHODWLYH KXPLGLW DERYH QRQ FRQGHQVLQJ QYLURQPHQW WHPSHUDWXUHV EHORZ DQG DERYH 1HDU KHDWLQJ RU FRROLQJ VRXUFHV SORVLRQ KD DUGV DYH WKH WLWUDWRU VHUYLFHG E TXDOLILHG VHUYLFH SHUVRQQHO RQO YRLG LQKDODWLRQ RI UHDJHQW YDSRUV YRLG FRQW...

Страница 7: ... 48 67 57 8 7 75 725 211 7 216 URQW 9LHZ 5HDU 9LHZ ...

Страница 8: ...FRORU GLVSOD 7KH 6WDQGE 0RGH VFUHHQ LV VKRZQ EHORZ ZLWK VKRUW H SODQDWLRQV 7KH XVHU LQWHUIDFH FRQWDLQV VHYHUDO VFUHHQV Q HDFK VFUHHQ PDQ LQIRUPDWLRQ ILHOGV DUH SUHVHQW DW WKH VDPH WLPH 7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ LV GLVSOD HG LQ DQ HDV WR UHDG PDQQHU XVLQJ GLIIHUHQW VL H IRQWV 9LUWXDO RSWLRQ NH V GHVFULEH WKH IXQFWLRQ SHUIRUPHG ZKHQ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ VRIW NH LV SUHVVHG ...

Страница 9: ...HOS FDQ EH DFFHVHG DW DQ WLPH DQG LW SURYLGHV XVHIXO LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH FXUUHQW VFUHHQ 0 7 2 6 7KH DUO LVFKHU WLWUDWRU FDQ VWRUH XS WR PHWKRGV WKHVH LQFOXGH XS WR VWDQGDUG PHWKRGV 6WDQGDUG 0HWKRGV DFK WLWUDWRU LV VXSSOLHG ZLWK D FXVWRPL HG SDFNDJH RI VWDQGDUG PHWKRGV 6WDQGDUG PHWKRG SDFNV DUH GHYHORSHG DW DQQD QVWUXPHQWV ODERUDWRULHV WR PHHW DQDO VLV UHTXLUHPHQWV RI VSHFLILF LQGXVWULHV 8VHU HIL...

Страница 10: ...ZH ZLOO XVH WKH 1 0RLVWXUH LQ 6ROYHQW 7R VHOHFW WKLV PHWKRG 3UHVV IURP WKH GOH VFUHHQ 8VH WKH DQG NH V WR KLJKOLJKW WKH 1 0RLVWXUH LQ 6ROYHQW PHWKRG 3UHVV IWHU DFFRPSOLVKLQJ WKHVH RSHUDWLRQV WKH PHWKRG V QDPH ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG RQ WKH WRS OLQH RI WKH GOH VFUHHQ 6HWXS 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW 8VHUV FDQ VHOHFW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW LV VWRUHG IRU HDFK WLWUDWLRQ WKDW LV SHUIRUPHG 7R REWDLQ SURSHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DW...

Страница 11: ...PDWLF ULIW QWU LV VHOHFWHG 7KH WLWUDWRU FDOFXODWHV WKH UDWH RI DWPRVSKHULF PRLVWXUH VHHSLQJ LQWR WKH WLWUDWLRQ EHDNHU IRU WKH QH W PLQXWH DQG GLVSOD V WKH UHVXOW LQ WKH ORZHU ULJKW FRUQHU RI WKH GLVSOD I WKH ULIW 5DWH LV VWDEOH DQG WKH HQGSRLQW SRWHQWLDO LV PDLQWDLQHG WKH WLWUDWRU ZLOO HQWHU 6WDQGE PRGH 7KH WLWUDWRU FRQWLQXHV WR PDLQWDLQ WKH HQGSRLQW SRWHQWLDO DQG XSGDWH WKH EDFNJURXQG GULIW UDWH ...

Страница 12: ...3HUIRUPLQJ D 7LWUDWLRQ URP WKH PDLQ VFUHHQ SUHVV IRU DQDO LQJ D VDPSOH RX ZLOO EH SURPSWHG WR HQWHU WKH DQDO WH VL H GG D SUHSDUHG VDPSOH DFFRUGLQJ WR D SUHSDUDWLRQ PHWKRG RXWOLQHG DERYH QWHU WKH DQDO WH VL H DQG SUHVV 7KH WLWUDWRU ZLOO VWDUW WKH DQDO VLV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH VHOHFWHG PHWKRG W WKH HQG RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ WKH PHVVDJH 7LWUDWLRQ RPSOHWHG ZLOO DSSHDU RQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ VWDWXV WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH...

Страница 13: ...KH P9 YDOXH UHPDLQV EHORZ WKH HQG SRLQW SRWHQWLDO IRU WKH VHOHFWHG VWDELOLW WLPH KHQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ KDV HQGHG WKH WLWUDWRU ZLOO GLVSOD WKH ILQDO FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI WKH PRLVWXUH WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH EDVLF WLWUDWLRQ LQIRUPDWLRQ 7R YLHZ WKH FXVWRP UHSRUW RU WLWUDWLRQ JUDSK SUHVV 7R YLHZ VWDWLVWLFV RI PXOWLSOH DQDO VHV SUHVV KHQ GRQH SUHVV WR UHWXUQ WR VWDQGE PRGH LI DFWLYH 5HVXOWV 7KH UHVXOWV REWDLQHG IURP...

Страница 14: ...H 3ULQWLQJ ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG RQ WKH VFUHHQ 3UHVV WR UHWXUQ WR WKH DWD 3DUDPHWHUV VFUHHQ 3UHVV DJDLQ WR UHWXUQ WR WKH PDLQ VFUHHQ 6DYLQJ WKH GDWD RQ D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH 7KLV IHDWXUH DOORZV VDYLQJ WKH UHVXOWV RI WLWUDWLRQV RU GULIW ORJJLQJ VHVVLRQV RQ D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH QVHUW WKH 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH LQWR WKH 86 VRFNHW URP WKH GOH VFUHHQ SUHVV 7KH HQHUDO 2SWLRQV VFUHHQ ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG LJKOLJKW WKH 6...

Страница 15: ...t Field 2 Any text Field 3 Any text Titrator Software Version v1 00 Base Board Software Version v3 00 Titrator Serial Number 04132903 Analog Board Serial Number 33121212 Analog Calibration Date Jul 18 2013 Method Parameters Name Moisture in Chloroform Method Revision 1 0 Type KF Coulometric Pre Analysis Stir Time 5 Sec Stirring Speed 900 RPM Stirbar Type Medium Drift Entry Automatic Reagent Genera...

Страница 16: ...00 42 41 104 0 377 8 00 00 43 42 106 9 376 1 00 00 44 66 140 8 101 0 00 01 09 67 141 2 94 1 00 01 10 68 141 2 91 2 00 01 12 69 141 2 89 9 00 01 13 70 141 2 88 8 00 01 14 71 141 2 88 1 00 01 15 72 141 2 87 7 00 01 16 73 141 2 87 9 00 01 17 93 141 2 89 5 00 01 38 94 141 2 89 3 00 01 39 95 141 2 89 0 00 01 40 96 141 2 88 9 00 01 41 97 141 2 89 1 00 01 42 98 141 2 88 8 00 01 43 99 141 2 88 8 00 01 44 ...

Страница 17: ... 16758 7 21 0 18 5 6 5 28 20 75 7 75 725 5HYLVLRQ ZZZ KDQQDLQVW FRP ...

Страница 18: ...IRUH XVLQJ WKH LQVWUXPHQW 7KLV PDQXDO ZLOO SURYLGH RX ZLWK WKH QHFHVVDU LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU WKH FRUUHFW XVH RI WKH LQVWUXPHQW DQQD QVWUXPHQWV OO ULJKWV DUH UHVHUYHG 5HSURGXFWLRQ LQ ZKROH RU LQ SDUW LV SURKLELWHG ZLWKRXW WKH ZULWWHQ FRQVHQW RI WKH FRS ULJKW RZQHU DQQD QVWUXPHQWV QF 3DUN DVW ULYH RRQVRFNHW 5KRGH VODQG 86 ...

Страница 19: ...752 8 7 21 KDSWHU 6 783 KDSWHU 86 5 17 5 KDSWHU 1 5 237 216 KDSWHU 0 7 2 6 KDSWHU 7 75 7 21 KDSWHU 8 5 81 7 216 KDSWHU 0 17 1 1 3 5 3 5 6 KDSWHU 237 0 7 21 SSHQGL 7 1 63 7 216 SSHQGL 5 200 1 5 176 SSHQGL 7 75 725 20321 176 ...

Страница 20: ... ...

Страница 21: ...HSRUWV DQG GULIW DQDO VLV UHSRUWV FDQ EH SULQWHG VDYHG RQ D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH RU WUDQVIHUUHG WR D 3 YLD WKH 86 LQWHUIDFH 5HVXOW KLVWRU YHUDJLQJ DQG VWDWLVWLFDO GDWD DYDLODEOH IRU VDPSOH DQDO VLV 3 IHDWXUHV FKDQJH 5HDJHQW UHPLQGHU LHOGV IRU VSHFLILF DQQRWDWLRQV RQGLWLRQLQJ SKDVH XWRPDWLF SUH WLWUDWLRQ IRU GU LQJ WKH UHDJHQW DQG WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO ULIW DQDO VLV DGMXVWHG WLWUDWLRQ UHVXOWV IRU LPSURYHG ...

Страница 22: ... 1752 8 7 21 ...

Страница 23: ...VWDOODWLRQ 7LWUDWRU 7RS 9LHZ 7LWUDWRU 5HDU 9LHZ 7LWUDWRU HIW VLGH 9LHZ 7LWUDWRU VVHPEO RQQHFWLQJ WKH LU 3XPS RQQHFWLQJ WKH 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU 7LWUDWLRQ 9HVVHO 7LWUDWLRQ 9HVVHO RPSRQHQWV OHFWULFDO RQQHFWLRQV 5HDJHQW DVWH RWWOH VVHPEO 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU ...

Страница 24: ... 6 783 ...

Страница 25: ...VHO 6XSSRUW ZLWK GDSWHU SF 3XPS RFNLQJ 6FUHZ ZLWK 3ODVWLF HDG SFV 5HDJHQW RWWOH VVHPEO SF RWWOH DS HVLFFDQW HVLFFDQW DUWULGJH LWWLQJV 2 ULQJV 7XEHV 6LOLFRQH DQG 37 7XELQJ DVWH RWWOH VVHPEO SF DVWH RWWOH RWWOH DS HVLFFDQW HVLFFDQW DUWULGJH LWWLQJV 2 ULQJV 7XEHV 6LOLFRQH DQG 37 7XELQJ DOLEUDWLRQ H SF DUO LVFKHU XDO 3ODWLQXP 3LQ HWHFWRU OHFWURGH SF 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU SF FFHVVRU ROGHU VVHPEO SF RLQ...

Страница 26: ...QHG LQ WKHLU RULJLQDO SDFNLQJ PDWHULDOV WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH VXSSOLHG DFFHVVRULHV 6DIHW 0HDVXUHV 7KH IROORZLQJ VDIHW PHDVXUHV PXVW EH IROORZHG 1HYHU FRQQHFW RU GLVFRQQHFW WKH DLU SXPS DVVHPEO ZLWK WKH WLWUDWRU WXUQHG RQ OZD V FKHFN WKDW WKH UHDJHQW DQG ZDVWH ERWWOHV DQG WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO DUH SURSHUO DVVHPEOHG OZD V ZLSH XS VSLOOV DQG VSODVKHV LPPHGLDWHO YRLG WKH IROORZLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO ZRUNLQJ FRQ...

Страница 27: ... 6 783 QVWDOODWLRQ 7LWUDWRU 7RS 9LHZ ...

Страница 28: ... 6 783 7LWUDWRU 5HDU 9LHZ 7LWUDWRU HIW VLGH 9LHZ ...

Страница 29: ...QG RU UHSODFHG ZLWK PLQLPDO H SRVXUH RI WKH LQWHULRU RI WKH YHVVHO WR DPELHQW PRLVWXUH IURP DWPRVSKHULF KXPLGLW RQQHFW WKH DLU SXPS ZLWK WKH IROORZLQJ VWHSV VHH LJXUH 5HWULHYH WKH DLU SXPS FDEOH 3803 IURP LQVLGH WKH OHIW ED RQQHFW WKH FDEOH WR WKH DLU SXPS DV VKRZQ LQ LJXUH 7KH DLU SXPS FRQQHFWRU LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH OHIW VLGH RI WKH PRWRU RZHU WKH SXPS LQWR WKH WLWUDWRU WKHQ VOLGH LW WRZDUGV WKH IUR...

Страница 30: ... ZDVWH WXEHV W LV HDVLO UHPRYDEOH IRU FOHDQLQJ SXUSRVHV QVWDOO WKH 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU ZLWK WKH IROORZLQJ VWHSV VHH LJXUH RZHU WKH 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU EDVH LQWR WKH ULJKW ED WKHQ VOLGH LW WRZDUGV WKH IURQW RI WKH WLWUDWRU FKDVVLV XQWLO LW LV ILUPO ODWFKHG 6HFXUH WKH EDVH ZLWK WKH ORFNLQJ VFUHZ QVHUW WKH JODVV WXEH LQWR WKH KROH LQ WKH EDVH I WKH WXEH GRHV QRW VOLGH HDVLO LQWR WKH KROGHU DSSO D V...

Страница 31: ... RSHQ WRS VFUHZ FDS IRU HDV VHSWXP UHSODFHPHQW GHVLFFDQW FDUWULGJH FRQWDLQLQJ PROHFXODU VLHYHV WR GU WKH DPELHQW DLU ZKLFK HQWHUV WKH FHOO DV UHDJHQW DQG VDPSOH DUH DGGHG UHPRYHG IURP WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO OHFWURGH SRUW IRU JHQHUDWRUV ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW GLDSKUDJP 7R DWWDFK WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO VHH LJXUH DQG IROORZ WKH VWHSV EHORZ OLJQ WKH YHVVHO VXSSRUW ZLWK WKH EDVH SODWH DQG DWWDFK E URWDWLQJ FORFN...

Страница 32: ...FK WR WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO LQ WKH GHGLFDWHG JURXQG JODVV SRUW DUO LVFKHU HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH 7KH DUO LVFKHU JHQHUDWRU HOHFWURGH FRQVLVWV RI WZR SODWLQXP HOHFWURGHV DQRGH DQG FDWKRGH RQ D JODVV ERG 7KH DQRGH DQG FDWKRGH PD EH VHSDUDWHG E D GLDSKUDJP WKDW LV EXLOW LQWR WKH ERG RI WKH JHQHUDWRU 7KH FDQ EH XVHG ZLWK ERWK GLDSKUDJP DQG GLDSKUDJP OHVV JHQHUDWRUV WWDFK WKH JHQHUDWRU HOHFWURGH WR WKH WLWUDW...

Страница 33: ...RSHUDWLRQ LI ORZHU GULIW LV QRW QHFHVVDU 2WKHUZLVH SODFH WKH VXSSOLHG JODVV VWRSSHU LQ WKH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH 3RUW 6DPSOH 3RUW 7KH VDPSOH SRUW FRQVLVWV RI D VLOLFRQH UXEEHU VHSWXP VHFXUHG LQ SODFH ZLWK DQ RSHQ WRS FDS 7KLV DOORZV OLTXLG VDPSOHV WR EH DGGHG WR WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO ZLWK D V ULQJH DQG QHHGOH ZKLOH VHDOLQJ WKH YHVVHO IURP DWPRVSKHULF PRLVWXUH 7KH UXEEHU VHSWXP FDQ EH HDVLO UHSODFHG DV QHH...

Страница 34: ... XQFWLRQ 7 SH RI RQQHFWRU 3RZHU VZLWFK 3RZHU LQSXW FRQQHFWRU 9GF 3RZHU MDFN FRQQHFWRU HQHUDWRU HOHFWURGH RXWSXW SLQ FRQQHFWRU HWHFWRU HOHFWURGH LQSXW 1 VRFNHW WHUQDO PDJQHWLF VWLUUHU SLQ PLQL 1 WHQVLRQ FRQQHFWRU SLQ 1 VRFNHW 3 NH ERDUG FRQQHFWRU SLQ PLQL 1 6WDQGDUG 36 DODQFH LQWHUIDFH FRQQHFWRU 56 6WDQGDUG VRFNHW 86 FRQQHFWRU 86 6WDQGDUG 9 GLVSOD FRQQHFWRU 6WDQGDUG 9 GLVSOD SLQ VRFNHW 3ULQWHU FRQQ...

Страница 35: ...DLU SXPS DXWLRQ 0RVW DUO LVFKHU UHDJHQWV JLYH RII KDUPIXO YDSRUV RQVXOW PDQXIDFWXUHU V 06 6 IRU VDIH KDQGOLQJ JXLGHOLQHV 7R DVVHPEOH WKH UHDJHQW RU ZDVWH ERWWOH VHH LJXUH DQG IROORZ WKH QH W VWHSV QVHUW D 37 WRS LQWR D FDS 6FUHZ RQ WKH GHVLFFDQW FDS ZLWK KRVH EDUE QVHUW D GHVLFFDQW FDUWULGJH ZLWK KRVH EDUEHG FDS WKURXJK D PP ILWWLQJ DQG PP R ULQJ QVHUW DQG VFUHZ WKH GHVLFFDQW ILWWLQJ LQWR WKH FRUU...

Страница 36: ... FKDQJH GDSWHU VHH LJXUH RRVHQ WKH FRPSUHVVLRQ FDSV RQ WKH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU VR WKDW WKH R ULQJV XQFRPSUHVV 6OLGH WKH EOXH 37 UHDJHQW WXEH IURP WKH UHDJHQW ERWWOH DVVHPEO WKURXJK WKH FDS DQG R ULQJ RQ WKH ULJKW DQJOH VLGH RI WKH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU W OHDVW LQFK RI WXEH VKRXOG EH LQVLGH WKH DGDSWHU 7LJKWHQ WKH FDS XQWLO WKH UHDJHQW WXEH LV KHOG LQ SODFH 6OLGH WKH EOXH 37 ZDVWH WXEH IURP WKH Z...

Страница 37: ...HQWV 86 5 17 5 6WDUW 8S HVFULSWLRQ H SDG XQFWLRQ H V 2SWLRQ H V UURZ H V 1XPHULF H V QWHU H LVSOD 7KH GOH 6FUHHQ 7KH 3URFHVV 6FUHHQ 0HQX 1DYLJDWLRQ 6HOHFWLQJ DQ 2SWLRQ 6HOHFWLQJ D 0HQX WHP QWHULQJ 7H W 6DYLQJ 0RGLILFDWLRQV ...

Страница 38: ... 86 5 17 5 ...

Страница 39: ... XVLQJ WKH SRZHU VZLWFK ORFDWHG RQ WKH EDFN RI WKH LQVWUXPHQW DLW XQWLO WKH WLWUDWRU ILQLVKHV WKH LQLWLDOL DWLRQ SURFHVV 3UHVV ZKHQ SURPSWHG RU ZDLW D IHZ VHFRQGV IRU WLWUDWRU WR VWDUW 1RWH OO WKH SHUIRUPHG LQLWLDOL DWLRQ SURFHVVHV PXVW EH VXFFHVVIXOO FRPSOHWHG I RQH RI WKH SURFHVVHV LV WHUPLQDWHG E D DLOHG PHVVDJH UHVWDUW WKH WLWUDWRU XVLQJ WKH SRZHU VZLWFK I WKH SUREOHP SHUVLVWV FRQWDFW RXU VDOH...

Страница 40: ...V SUHVVHG WKH DVVRFLDWHG IXQFWLRQ LV LPPHGLDWHO SHUIRUPHG 6RPH RI WKH NH V DUH RQO DFWLYH LQ VSHFLILF VFUHHQV 6WDUWV RU VWRSV WLWUDWLRQ VHTXHQFH 7XUQV WKH VWLUUHU 21 DQG 2 GOH PRGH RQO 5HVHUYHG FFHVV WKH UHVXOWV PHQX LVSOD V FRQWH WXDO HOS 2SWLRQ H V 7KHVH NH V DUH DVVLJQHG WR WKH YLUWXDO NH V RQ WKH GLVSOD 7KHLU IXQFWLRQV DUH OLVWHG LQ WKH ER HV DERYH WKH EXWWRQV DQG YDU GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH GLVSOD H...

Страница 41: ...QXPHULF HQWULHV 7RJJOHV EHWZHHQ SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH YDOXHV HFLPDO SRLQW QLWLDWHV HQWU RI H SRQHQW IRU VFLHQWLILF QRWDWLRQ QWHU H RWK NH V SHUIRUP WKH VDPH IXQFWLRQV FFHSWV DOSKDQXPHULF GDWD HQWU HFXWHV WKH GHIDXOW XQGHUOLQHG YLUWXDO RSWLRQ NH LVSOD 7KH WLWUDWRU KDV D ODUJH FRORU JUDSKLFDO GLVSOD 7KH VWDQGE PRGH VFUHHQ LV VKRZQ EHORZ ZLWK VKRUW H SODQDWLRQV RI WKH VFUHHQ VHJPHQWV 7KH XVHU LQWHUID...

Страница 42: ...WKH QDPH RI WKH VHOHFWHG PHWKRG 7LPH DQG GDWH LVSOD V WKH FXUUHQW GDWH DQG WLPH 6WLUUHU LQIRUPDWLRQ FWXDO 6HW VWLUUHU VSHHG LV GLVSOD HG LQ 530 KHQ VWLUUHU LV RII WKH VWLUUHU LQIRUPDWLRQ LV QRW GLVSOD HG 5HDJHQW LVSOD V WKH QDPH RI WKH FXUUHQW UHDJHQW 5HPLQGHUV QGLFDWHV ZKHQ D WDVN QHHGV WR EH SHUIRUPHG DQG GLVSOD V HUURU RU ZDUQLQJ PHVVDJHV ...

Страница 43: ...G WLPH 3URFHVV VWDJH ILHOG LVSOD V WKH FXUUHQW SURFHVV 3UH WLWUDWLRQ ULIW QDO VLV 6WDQGE 6DPSOH QDO VLV 3URFHVV VWDWXV LVSOD V WKH SURFHVV VWDWXV ZLWK D GHVFULSWLYH GUDZLQJ P9 UHDGLQJ LVSOD V WKH HOHFWURGH SRWHQWLDO DVW GRVH LVSOD V WKH ODVW JHQHUDWHG GRVH LQ μ ZDWHU ULIW YDOXH LVSOD V WKH GULIW YDOXH ZKHQ DYDLODEOH 6WLUUHU LQIRUPDWLRQ FWXDO 6HW VWLUUHU VSHHG LV GLVSOD HG LQ 530 5HPLQGHUV QGLFDWHV...

Страница 44: ...DQ EH XVHG WR VFUROO WKURXJK WKH SDJHV 7R DFWLYDWH WKH VHOHFWHG PHQX LWHP SUHVV RU QWHULQJ 7H W 7R HQWHU WH W LQ DQ DOSKDQXPHULF LQSXW ER ILUVW HUDVH WKH SUHYLRXV WH W E XVLQJ 7R HQWHU D OHWWHU KLJKOLJKW LW XVLQJ WKH DUURZ NH V WKHQ SUHVV 8VH WKH VDPH SURFHGXUH WR HQWHU WKH ZKROH QDPH RU HGLWLQJ XVH WKH DQG NH V KHQ HGLWLQJ LV FRPSOHWH SUHVV 3UHVV WR UHWXUQ WR WKH SUHYLRXV VFUHHQ ZLWKRXW VDYLQJ WK...

Страница 45: ...0HWKRG VFUHHQ ZLWKRXW VDYLQJ SUHVV RU KLJKOLJKW WKH LW LWKRXW 6DYLQJ 0HWKRG RSWLRQ DQG WKHQ SUHVV 7R VDYH WKH PRGLILFDWLRQV KLJKOLJKW WKH 6DYH 0HWKRG RSWLRQ DQG WKHQ SUHVV 1RWH 7R DFFHVV WKH FRQWH WXDO KHOS PHQX SUHVV DW DQ WLPH HOS LV UHODWHG WR WKH GLVSOD HG VFUHHQ 3UHVV RU SUHVV DJDLQ WR UHWXUQ WR WKH SUHYLRXV VFUHHQ ...

Страница 46: ... 86 5 17 5 ...

Страница 47: ...QG 7LPH 6HWWLQJ LVSOD 6HWWLQJV HHSHU 6WLUUHU DQJXDJH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH 5HPLQGHU 6DYH LOHV WR 86 6WRUDJH HYLFH 5HVWRUH LOHV IURP 86 6WRUDJH HYLFH 86 LQN ZLWK 3 DOLEUDWLRQ KHFN 6HWXS DODQFH QWHUIDFH 3ULQWHU 0RGH 5HVHW WR HIDXOW 6HWWLQJV 8SGDWH 6RIWZDUH ...

Страница 48: ... 1 5 237 216 ...

Страница 49: ... PRGH Q 3UH WLWUDWLRQ ULIW QDO VLV 6WDQGE RU 7LWUDWLRQ SURFHVV WKH HQHUDO 2SWLRQV FDQ EH DFFHVVHG E SUHVVLQJ WKH RPH NH RQ D 36 NH ERDUG 7KH DYDLODEOH PHQXV DUH GHVFULEHG EHORZ DWH DQG 7LPH 6HWWLQJ 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHW WKH GDWH DQG WLPH 8VH WKH DQG NH V RU WKH QXPHULF NH V WR PRGLI WKH GDWH DQG WLPH 3UHVV WR PRYH WKH FXUVRU WR WKH QH W ILHOG 3UHVV RU WR FKDQJH WKH WLPH IRUPDW ...

Страница 50: ...RP WR FRORU SDOHWWH LV GLVSOD HG LQ WKH FHQWHU RI WKH VFUHHQ DOORZLQJ DQ HDV VHOHFWLRQ RI WKH DSSURSULDWH EDFNOLJKW LQWHQVLW 7KH EDFNOLJKW VDYHU RSWLRQ SURWHFWV WKH GLVSOD GXULQJ VWDQGE SHULRGV ZKHQ QR NH V KDYH EHHQ SUHVVHG IRU D VHW DPRXQW RI WLPH I WKH EDFNOLJKW LV RII DQ NH VWURNH ZLOO UH DFWLYDWH WKH EDFNOLJKW ZLWKRXW SHUIRUPLQJ DQ DFWLRQ 7KH UDQJH IRU EDFNOLJKW VDYHU LQWHUYDO LV EHWZHHQ DQG ...

Страница 51: ...Q D FULWLFDO HUURU RFFXUV GXULQJ WLWUDWLRQ 6WLUUHU 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHOHFW WKH LQWHUQDO PDJQHWLF VWLUUHU DQ H WHUQDO PDJQHWLF VWLUUHU RU D XVHU FRQWUROOHG VWLUUHU XQFRQWUROOHG E WKH WLWUDWRU FXVWRP 7KH H WHUQDO VWLUUHU LV DXWRPDWLFDOO GHWHFWHG ZKHQ LW LV FRQQHFWHG 1RWH KHQ WKH H WHUQDO VWLUUHU LV QRW FRQQHFWHG WKH NH LV QRW DYDLODEOH IRU WKH WHUQDO VWLUUHU RSWLRQ ...

Страница 52: ...Q WLWUDWHG RXORPHWULF DUO LVFKHU UHDJHQWV DOVR KDYH D WHQGHQF WR SURGXFH SUHFLSLWDWHV DQG IRXO VPHOOLQJ VXOIXURXV FRPSRXQGV 7KLV LV SDUWLFXODUO SUREOHPDWLF ZKHQ XVLQJ D GLDSKUDJP JHQHUDWRU GXH WR WKH ULVN RI FORJJLQJ WKH GLDSKUDJP 0RVW UHDJHQW PDQXIDFWXUHUV UHFRPPHQG FKDQJLQJ WKH UHDJHQW DQRO WH DQG FDWKRO WH ZHHNO UHJDUGOHVV RI WKH DPRXQW RI XVH 7KH FDQ DXWRPDWLFDOO WUDFN WKH HODSVHG WLPH VLQFH W...

Страница 53: ...QG HDFK ILOH QDPH RQ WKH WLWUDWRU ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG 8VH WKH DQG NH V WR VFUROO WKURXJK WKH OLVW 7KH RSWLRQ NH V DOORZ WKH IROORZLQJ RSHUDWLRQV 5HWXUQV WR WKH HQHUDO 2SWLRQV VFUHHQ RSLHV WKH KLJKOLJKWHG ILOH IURP WLWUDWRU WR D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH RSLHV DOO FXUUHQWO GLVSOD HG ILOHV IURP WLWUDWRU WR D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH HOHWHV WKH KLJKOLJKWHG ILOH HOHWHV DOO FXUUHQWO GLVSOD HG ILOHV 7KH VWDWXV RI WKH WU...

Страница 54: ...XJK WKH OLVW 7KH QXPEHU RI ILOHV DQG WKH QDPH RI HDFK ILOH IRXQG RQ WKH 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH LV GLVSOD HG RQ WKH VFUHHQ 7KH RSWLRQ NH V DOORZ WKH IROORZLQJ RSHUDWLRQV 5HWXUQV WR WKH HQHUDO 2SWLRQV VFUHHQ RSLHV WKH KLJKOLJKWHG ILOH IURP WKH 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH WR WLWUDWRU RSLHV DOO FXUUHQWO GLVSOD HG ILOHV IURP WKH 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH WR WLWUDWRU HOHWHV WKH KLJKOLJKWHG ILOH IURP WKH 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH HOHW...

Страница 55: ...WRU LV QRW FRQQHFWHG WR WKH 3 SSOLFDWLRQ FWLYH 7KH WLWUDWRU LV FRQQHFWHG WR WKH 3 SSOLFDWLRQ 5HDG 7KH WLWUDWRU LV UHDG IRU FRPPDQGV 7UDQVPLW W VKRZV WKH SURJUHVV RI WKH FXUUHQW WUDQVIHU 6SHHG W VKRZV WKH EDXG UDWH IRU WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQV SRUW DOLEUDWLRQ KHFN 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR YHULI WKH DQDORJ ERDUG FDOLEUDWLRQ 7ZR SDUDPHWHUV FDQ EH YHULILHG WKH HOHFWURGH P9 LQSXW DQG WKH HOHFWURGH SROD...

Страница 56: ...XOWLPHWHU WR μ PRGH I QHFHVVDU VZLWFK WKH FDOLEUDWLRQ NH WR μ PRGH E SUHVVLQJ WKH UHG EXWWRQ RQQHFW WKH FDOLEUDWLRQ NH EDQDQD SOXJV WR WKH PXOWLPHWHU P LQSXW KHFN IRU WKH PXOWLPHWHU LQGLFDWLRQ WR EH LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH WLWUDWRU μ SUHVFULEHG YDOXH 6HW 8S DODQFH QWHUIDFH 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHWXS DQ DQDO WLFDO EDODQFH IRU DXWRPDWLF DFTXLVLWLRQ RI VDPSOH PDVV SULRU WR WLWUDWLRQ 7KH EDOD...

Страница 57: ...WKH FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK WKH EDODQFH LV ZRUNLQJ SURSHUO E SUHVVLQJ WKH NH 3ULQWHU PRGH 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHOHFW WKH SULQWLQJ PRGH 16 GHIDXOW 6 DQG 7H W PRGH 16 PRGH 8VH WKLV PRGH ZKHQ RXU SULQWHU LV VHW WR 16 Q WKLV FDVH DOO DFFHSWHG FKDUDFWHUV V PEROV DYDLODEOH RQ WKH WLWUDWRU ZLOO EH SULQWHG E RXU SULQWHU 6 PRGH 8VH WKLV PRGH ZKHQ RXU SULQWHU LV VHW WR 6 Q WKLV FDVH RQO VRPH RI WKH DFFHQ...

Страница 58: ... FDUHIXO 7KLV ZLOO DOVR GHOHWH DOO WKH XVHU FUHDWHG PHWKRGV UHSRUWV DQG UHVWRUH DOO PDQXIDFWXUHU VHWWLQJV VXFK DV WLWUDWRU FRQILJXUDWLRQ VWDQGDUG PHWKRG SDUDPHWHUV HWF 8SGDWH 6RIWZDUH 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR XSGDWH WKH WLWUDWRU VRIWZDUH IURP D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH FRQWDLQLQJ D VRIWZDUH VHWXS NLW ...

Страница 59: ...HU 0HWKRGV UHDWLQJ 8VHU 0HWKRGV HOHWLQJ 8VHU 0HWKRGV 9LHZ 0RGLI 0HWKRG 0HWKRG 2SWLRQV 1DPLQJ WKH 8VHU 0HWKRG 0HWKRG 5HYLVLRQ 0HWKRG 7 SH 3UH QDO VLV 6WLU 7LPH 6WLUULQJ 6SHHG 6WLUEDU 7 SH ULIW QWU 5HDJHQW 1DPH 6DPSOH 3DUDPHWHUV 6DPSOH HWHUPLQDWLRQ 6DPSOH 1DPH 6DPSOH 7 SH 6DPSOH 6L H 6DPSOH HQVLW WHUQDO 6ROYHQW 6L H WHUQDO 6ROYHQW RQFHQWUDWLRQ WUDFWHG 6DPSOH 6L H LVVROXWHG 6DPSOH 6L H ...

Страница 60: ...Q 6SHHG 6WDQGE 0RGH 6WDQGE XUDWLRQ PSRVHG XUUHQW QG 3RLQW 9DOXH HQHUDWRU XUUHQW 0RGH 6LJQDO YHUDJLQJ 7HUPLQDWLRQ 3DUDPHWHUV 0D LPXP XUDWLRQ 0D LPXP 7LWUDWHG DWHU 7HUPLQDWLRQ ULWHULRQ QG 3RLQW 6WDELOLW 7LPH 5HVXOW 8QLW 3ULQWLQJ URPLQH QGH ...

Страница 61: ... FRQQHFWLQJ WKH WLWUDWRU WR D 3 XVLQJ WKH 3 DSSOLFDWLRQ RU D 86 VWRUDJH GHYLFH 6HOHFWLQJ 0HWKRGV 7R VHOHFW D PHWKRG SUHVV WKH NH ZKHQ DYDLODEOH OLVW RI DYDLODEOH PHWKRGV ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG Q WKH 7LWUDWLRQ 0HWKRGV VFUHHQ RX FDQ YLHZ WKH OLVW RI DOO DYDLODEOH PHWKRGV VWDQGDUG DQG XVHU PHWKRGV LI DYDLODEOH 7R VHOHFW D PHWKRG KLJKOLJKW WKH PHWKRG DQG SUHVV 7KH QDPH RI WKH VHOHFWHG PHWKRG ZLOO EH GLVSOD...

Страница 62: ...WDQGDUG PHWKRGV RQ WKH VWRUDJH GHYLFH ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG 3UHVV WKH RU NH WR XSJUDGH WKH WLWUDWRU ZLWK WKH VWDQGDUG PHWKRGV 3UHVV WR UHWXUQ WR HQHUDO 2SWLRQV VFUHHQ 1RWH 6HH VHFWLRQ 5HVWRUH LOHV IURP 86 6WRUDJH HYLFH URP 3 RX FDQ XSJUDGH WKH WLWUDWRU ZLWK VWDQGDUG PHWKRGV IURP D 3 XVLQJ WKH 3 DSSOLFDWLRQ VHH 6HFWLRQ 86 LQN ZLWK 3 HOHWLQJ 6WDQGDUG 0HWKRGV 8QQHFHVVDU VWDQGDUG PHWKRGV FDQ EH UHPRYHG IU...

Страница 63: ... LQJ D VWDQGDUG PHWKRG 7KH XVHU PHWKRGV FDQ EH GHYHORSHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH XVHU OO PHWKRG SDUDPHWHUV FDQ EH PRGLILHG E WKH XVHU UHDWLQJ 8VHU 0HWKRGV 7R FUHDWH D QHZ XVHU PHWKRG VWDUW IURP D VWDQGDUG RU XVHU PHWKRG DQG IROORZ WKHVH VWHSV 3UHVV IURP WKH PDLQ VFUHHQ 8VLQJ WKH DQG NH V KLJKOLJKW DQ H LVWLQJ PHWKRG IURP WKH PHWKRGV OLVW 3UHVV QHZ XVHU PHWKRG ZLOO EH JHQHUDWHG 3...

Страница 64: ...KRG SUHVV ZKHQ DYDLODEOH LJKOLJKW WKH XVHU PHWKRG WKDW RX ZDQW WR GHOHWH DQG SUHVV VFUHHQ ZLOO DSSHDU LQ RUGHU WR FRQILUP WKH GHOHWLRQ 3UHVV DJDLQ WR FRQILUP RU SUHVV WR FDQFHO WKH RSHUDWLRQ 9LHZ 0RGLI 0HWKRG 7R PRGLI WKH PHWKRG V SDUDPHWHUV SUHVV IURP WKH PDLQ VFUHHQ OLVW RI DOO WKH SDUDPHWHUV IRU WKH VHOHFWHG PHWKRG ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG 3UHVV WKH DQG NH V WR KLJKOLJKW WKH RSWLRQ WKDW RX ZDQW WR PRG...

Страница 65: ...FW 6DYH 0HWKRG WR NHHS WKH FKDQJHV 0HWKRG 2SWLRQV 1DPLQJ WKH 8VHU 0HWKRG 7KLV RSWLRQ DOORZV RX WR HQWHU D QDPH IRU WKH QHZ PHWKRG XS WR FKDUDFWHUV 8VH WKH DUURZ NH V WR QDYLJDWH WKURXJK WKH FKDUDFWHU WDEOH 3UHVV WR DGG WKH KLJKOLJKWHG FKDUDFWHU WR WKH PHWKRG QDPH ...

Страница 66: ...ULQJ UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH FXUUHQW PHWKRG UHYLVLRQ 7KH UHYLVLRQ VWULQJ IRUPDW VKRXOG EH ZKHUH DQG DUH QXPHULFDO GLJLWV 0HWKRG 7 SH 0HWKRG W SH LV D SDUDPHWHU OLVWHG LQ HDFK PHWKRG Q RUGHU WR FRQGXFW D WLWUDWLRQ WKH XVHU KDV WR FKRRVH EHWZHHQ RXORPHWULF RU URPLQH QGH ...

Страница 67: ...QDO VLV VWLU WLPH FDQ EH VHW EHWZHHQ DQG VHFRQGV IWHU WKH VDPSOH LV DGGHG WR WKH UHDFWLRQ YHVVHO WKH WLWUDWRU ZLOO VWLU IRU WKH VHW SHULRG RI WLPH EHIRUH DQ LRGLQH LV JHQHUDWHG EURPLQH LV FRQVXPHG 6WLUULQJ 6SHHG 7KH VWLUULQJ VSHHG FDQ EH VHW EHWZHHQ DQG 530 ZLWK D UHVROXWLRQ RI 530 7KH VWLUUHU ZLOO UHPDLQ RQ DV ORQJ DV WKH PHWKRG LV DFWLYH 7KH VSHHG FDQ EH DGMXVWHG DW DQ WLPH E XVLQJ WKH DQG NH V ...

Страница 68: ...VHG GXULQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ SURFHVV XWRPDWLF WKH GULIW UDWH ZLOO EH FDOFXODWHG DXWRPDWLFDOO DIWHU WKH 3UH WLWUDWLRQ RI WKH VROYHQW 8VHU WKH GULIW LV VHW WR D IL HG YDOXH HQWHUHG E WKH XVHU 7KH XVHU HQWHUV WKH HVWLPDWHG GULIW YDOXH 7KH GULIW DQDO VLV VWDJH ZLOO EH VNLSSHG DQG WKH XVHU PXVW HQWHU WKH GULIW YDOXH EHWZHHQ μJ PLQ DQG μJ PLQ ...

Страница 69: ... 0 7 2 6 5HDJHQW 7KH XVHU FDQ HQWHU D QDPH IRU WKH UHDJHQW XS WR FKDUDFWHUV 8VH WKH DUURZ NH V WR QDYLJDWH WKURXJK WKH FKDUDFWHU WDEOH SUHVV WR DGG WKH KLJKOLJKWHG FKDUDFWHU WR WKH UHDJHQW QDPH ...

Страница 70: ...H SUHSDUDWLRQ RI LQVROXEOH VDPSOHV WKDW UHTXLUH D ZDWHU H WUDFWLRQ 8VLQJ WKH SURSHU VROYHQWV WKH VDPSOH LV EURNHQ GRZQ LQWR D ILQH VXVSHQVLRQ IURP ZKLFK WKH ZDWHU LV H WUDFWHG DQG UHOHDVHG LQWR WKH VROYHQW WHUQDO GLVVROXWLRQ LV D PHWKRG IRU WKH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI WKH IROORZLQJ W SHV RI VDPSOHV VDPSOHV ZLWK D YHU KLJK ZDWHU FRQWHQW VDPSOHV WKDW GR QRW H KLELW D KRPRJHQHRXV ZDWHU GLVWULEXWLRQ VORZ GLVVR...

Страница 71: ...WR QDYLJDWH WKURXJK WKH FKDUDFWHU WDEOH 3UHVV WR DGG WKH KLJKOLJKWHG FKDUDFWHU WR WKH VDPSOH QDPH 6DPSOH 7 SH 1RUPDO HWHUPLQDWLRQ RQO 7KLV RSWLRQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHOHFW WKH W SH RI WKH VDPSOH PDVV RU YROXPH 7KLV LQIRUPDWLRQ LV XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH DSSURSULDWH VDPSOH VL H UHTXLUHG E WKH WLWUDWLRQ SULRU WR DQDO VLV ...

Страница 72: ...WUDWLRQ LV VWDUWHG WKH XVHU LV DVNHG DJDLQ WR HQWHU WKH VDPSOH VL H 7KH VDPSOH VL H PDVV RU YROXPH FDQ EH DXWRPDWLFDOO DFTXLUHG IURP WKH EDODQFH ZKHQ WKH EDODQFH IHDWXUH LV HQDEOHG VHH 6HFWLRQ 6HWXS DODQFH QWHUIDFH 6DPSOH HQVLW 6DPSOH 7 SH 9ROXPH RQO QWHU WKH GHQVLW RI WKH VDPSOH LQ J P 7KLV DOORZV FDOFXODWLRQ RI PDVV EDVHG UHVXOW XQLWV ZLWK YROXPH EDVHG VDPSOH VL HV ...

Страница 73: ...WKH VROYHQW ZDWHU FRQWHQW EXW EHIRUH DGGLQJ VDPSOH WR WKH VROYHQW WHUQDO 6ROYHQW RQF WHUQDO LVVROXWLRQ WUDFWLRQ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ PRGHV RQO QWHU WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI ZDWHU LQ WKH VROYHQW WUDFWHG 6DPSOH 6L H WHUQDO WUDFWLRQ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ PRGH RQO QWHU WKH VDPSOH VL H DGGHG WR WKH H WUDFWLRQ YHVVHO LVVROXWHG 6DPSOH 6L H WHUQDO LVVROXWLRQ GHWHUPLQDWLRQ PRGH RQO QWHU WKH VDPSOH VL H WR WKH GLVVROXWLRQ YHV...

Страница 74: ...FFHVV DQG HGLW WKH SDUDPHWHUV UHODWHG WR WKH WLWUDWLRQ 7LWUDWLRQ 6SHHG KRRVH WKH GHVLUHG WLWUDWLRQ VSHHG IRU WKH PHWKRG 6RPH VDPSOHV RU UHDJHQWV PD SURGXFH YHU DEUXSW HQGSRLQWV UHTXLULQJ VORZHU WLWUDWLRQ VSHHGV LQ RUGHU WR DYRLG RYHU WLWUDWLRQ ...

Страница 75: ... UHYHUW WR 6WDQGE PRGH DIWHU D WLWUDWLRQ LV FRPSOHWHG 6HH DOVR WKH 6WDQGE XUDWLRQ RSWLRQ 6WDQGE XUDWLRQ 7KH XVHU FDQ HQWHU WKH SHULRG RI WLPH ZKLFK WKH FHOO LV NHSW GU DQG UHDG IRU VXEVHTXHQW DQDO VLV DIWHU D WLWUDWLRQ KDV ILQLVKHG 7KH XVHU FDQ VHW WKH VWDQGE SHULRG XS WR KRXUV ...

Страница 76: ...GH SRODUL DWLRQ FXUUHQW IURP WKH SUHGHILQHG OLVW 1RWH LJKHU SRODUL DWLRQ FXUUHQWV ZLOO VSHHG WKH FRQWDPLQDWLRQ RI WKH HOHFWURGH DQG SRWHQWLDOO GHJUDGH VDPSOHV QG 3RLQW 9DOXH 7KLV RSWLRQ GHILQHV WKH P9 YDOXH DW ZKLFK WKH WLWUDWLRQ HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW HQGSRLQW KDV EHHQ UHDFKHG 7KH SUH WLWUDWLRQ LV FRPSOHWHG ZKHQ WKH P9 LV XQGHU WKH HQGSRLQW YDOXH IRU D XVHU GHILQHG SHULRG RI WLPH VHH 6HFWLRQ QGSRLQW 6...

Страница 77: ...XJK FXUUHQW GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH HQHUDWRU XUUHQW 0RGH DQ HUURU PHVVDJH ZLOO EH GLVSOD HG DQG WKH WLWUDWLRQ ZLOO EH VWRSSHG 6LJQDO YHUDJLQJ 7KLV RSWLRQ HQDEOHV DYHUDJLQJ RI WKH P9 UHDGLQJ ZKHQ HQDEOHG I 5HDGLQJ LV VHOHFWHG WKH ILOWHULQJ LV GLVDEOHG 7KH WLWUDWRU ZLOO WDNH WKH ODVW UHDGLQJ DQG SODFHV LW LQWR D PRYLQJ ZLQGRZ DORQJ ZLWK WKH ODVW RU UHDGLQJV GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH VHOHFWHG RSWLRQ 7KH DYHUDJH RI W...

Страница 78: ... DOORZHG WR UXQ 2QFH WKLV SRLQW LV UHDFKHG WKH WLWUDWLRQ ZLOO EH WHUPLQDWHG HYHQ LI WKH HQG SRLQW LV QRW UHDFKHG 7KH WLPH FDQ EH VHW IURP WR VHFRQGV 7HUPLQDWLRQ 3DUDPHWHUV 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV WKH XVHU WR VHW WKH FRQWURO SDUDPHWHUV UHODWHG WR WKH HQG RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ ...

Страница 79: ...DO GULIW LV OHVV WKDQ WKH SUHGHILQHG DEVROXWH GULIW YDOXH 5HODWLYH ULIW 7KH WLWUDWLRQ LV WHUPLQDWHG ZKHQ WKH DFWXDO GULIW LV OHVV WKDQ WKH VXP EHWZHHQ WKH LQLWLDO GULIW DQG WKH SUHGHILQHG UHODWLYH GULIW 0D LPXP DWHU 7LWUDWHG 7KH PD LPXP ZDWHU UHDFWHG GXULQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ PXVW EH VHW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH DQDO VLV I WKH WLWUDWLRQ HQG SRLQW LV QRW UHDFKHG WKH WLWUDWLRQ ZLOO EH WHUPLQDWHG DIWHU WKH PD LPX...

Страница 80: ... WKH GHGLFDWHG VRFNHW RU LI WKH SULQWHU LV RIIOLQH DQ HUURU PHVVDJH ZLOO DSSHDU RQ WKH GLVSOD VHH 6HFWLRQ RQQHFWLQJ D 3ULQWHU IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW FRQQHFWLQJ D SULQWHU WR WKH WLWUDWRU QG 3RLQW 6WDELOLW 7LPH 7KLV VFUHHQ DOORZV XVHUV WR VHW WKH WLPH SHULRG LQ ZKLFK WKH HOHFWURGH SRWHQWLDO PXVW UHPDLQ VWDEOH 7KLV VHWWLQJ LV LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH P9 QG 3RLQW WHUPLQDWLRQ FULWHULRQ ...

Страница 81: ...QVXOW D VWDQGDUG PHWKRG IRU SUHSDUDWLRQ LQVWUXFWLRQV RQQHFW WKH URPLQH QGH UHDJHQW ERWWOH WR WKH WLWUDWRU DQG ILOO WKH YHVVHO DFFRUGLQJ WR 6HFWLRQ RI WKH PDQXDO 6HW D PHWKRG WR URPLQH QGH PRGH E HLWKHU VHOHFWLQJ D EURPLQH LQGH VWDQGDUG PHWKRG H J 1 RU E FUHDWLQJ D FXVWRP PHWKRG R WR WKH 6HOHFW 0HWKRG VFUHHQ UHDWH D QHZ XVHU PHWKRG IRU URPLQH QGH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV 6HOHFW WKLV QHZ PHWKRG R WR 0HWKRG 2S...

Страница 82: ... 0 7 2 6 ...

Страница 83: ... 7 75 7 21 KDSWHU RQWHQWV 7 75 7 21 GOH 3UH WLWUDWLRQ ULIW QDO VLV 6WDQGE 6DPSOH QDO VLV ...

Страница 84: ... 7 75 7 21 ...

Страница 85: ...LQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO EHWZHHQ WKH PLQ DQG PD PDUNV IRU EHVW UHSURGXFLELOLW 7KH IROORZLQJ LQWHUPHGLDU VWDJHV DUH SHUIRUPHG DXWRPDWLFDOO EHIRUH VWDUWLQJ WKH DQDO VLV 5HDJHQW SUH WLWUDWLRQ ULIW DQDO VLV XWRPDWLF ULIW QWU RXORPHWULF RQO KHQ WKH GULIW DQDO VLV SURFHVV LV ILQLVKHG WKH WLWUDWRU HQWHUV 6WDQGE PRGH W WKLV SRLQW D WLWUDWLRQ FDQ EH LQLWLDWHG 3UH WLWUDWLRQ Q SUH WLWUDWLRQ WKH UHVLGXDO ZDWHU...

Страница 86: ...GULIW UDWH RU WKH GULIW UDWH 7KH GULIW UDWH LV GHWHUPLQHG E NHHSLQJ WUDFN RI WKH DPRXQW RI ZDWHU WKDW KDV EHHQ WLWUDWHG WR PDLQWDLQ WKH µGU QHVV RI WKH UHDJHQW RYHU WKH FRXUVH RI D PLQXWH 7KH UDWH DW ZKLFK ZDWHU OHDNV LQWR WKH FHOO LV WKHQ FDOFXODWHG DQG UHSRUWHG E WKH LQ XQLWV RI μJ PLQ 7KH XVHV WKH GULIW UDWH GHWHUPLQHG GXULQJ WKLV VWDWH WR DXWRPDWLFDOO VXEWUDFW WKH TXDQWLW RI ZDWHU ZKLFK OHDNV ...

Страница 87: ...UG RQO E SUHVVLQJ RPH IWHU DQ LQLWLDO WLWUDWRU VHWXS DQG SULRU WR WKH ILUVW WLWUDWLRQ RU VWDQGDUGL DWLRQ WKH GULIW UDWH VKRXOG EH DOORZHG WR VHWWOH LQ 6WDQGE PRGH IRU PLQ 7KLV HQVXUHV WKDW WKH GULIW UDWH LV VWDEOH DQG UHIOHFWV WKH DFWXDO UDWH DW ZKLFK ZDWHU YDSRU LV HQWHULQJ WKH FHOO UDWKHU WKDQ UHSUHVHQWLQJ D VORZ GU LQJ RI WKH DLU EHWZHHQ WKH VROYHQW DQG WKH WRS RI WKH FHOO 7KH VWDELOL DWLRQ FDQ...

Страница 88: ...QGE PRGH E SUHVVLQJ LQ RUGHU WR ZDLW XQWLO WKH GULIW LV VWDELOL HG DW D KLJKHU YDOXH QWHULQJ HVWLPDWHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQ 7KH XVHU KDV WKH RSWLRQ WR HQWHU WKH HVWLPDWHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQ 7KH RSWLPDO VDPSOH VL H OLPLWV ZLOO EH DXWRPDWLFDOO XSGDWHG EDVHG RQ WKH HVWLPDWHG FRQFHQWUDWLRQ GGLQJ WKH VDPSOH 7KH XVHU PXVW DGG WKH VDPSOH LQWR WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO YLD WKH VDPSOH SRUW QWHULQJ VDPSOH VL H 7KH XVHU KDV ...

Страница 89: ...KH IXOO V ULQJH ZLWK QHHGOH RQ DQ DQDO WLFDO EDODQFH 7DUH WKH EDODQFH EDFN ZHLJKLQJ WHFKQLTXH QVHUW WKH QHHGOH WKURXJK WKH VHSWXP LQ WKH VDPSOH SRUW 3XVK WKH V ULQJH WKURXJK WKH VHSWXP XQWLO WKH HQG RI WKH QHHGOH LV DSSUR LPDWHO FP IURP WKH VXUIDFH RI WKH UHDJHQW 6WHDGLO GLVSHQVH WKH DSSURSULDWH DPRXQW RI VDPSOH HQVXULQJ WKDW WKH VDPSOH LV LQWURGXFHG GLUHFWO LQWR WKH UHDJHQW DQG GRHV QRW VSODVK RU...

Страница 90: ...H XVHU PXVW PDNH VXUH WKDW WKH EDODQFH DQG WKH WLWUDWRU DUH SURSHUO FRQILJXUHG DQG WKH EDODQFH IHDWXUH LV HQDEOHG VHH 6HFWLRQ 6HWXS DODQFH QWHUIDFH 3URFHGXUH 3ODFH WKH V ULQJH FRQWDLQLQJ WKH VDPSOH RQ WKH EDODQFH DLW XQWLO WKH UHDGLQJ LV VWDELOL HG DQG SUHVV GG WKH VDPSOH LQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO 3ODFH WKH HPSW V ULQJH RQ WKH EDODQFH DJDLQ DLW IRU WKH UHDGLQJ WR VWDELOL H DQG SUHVV ...

Страница 91: ...DPSOH VL H LV DXWRPDWLFDOO XSGDWHG 1RZ WKH DQDO VLV FDQ EH VWDUWHG 6WDUW QDO VLV 3UHVV WR EHJLQ DQDO VLV 6XVSHQG 7LWUDWLRQ KLOH WKH WLWUDWLRQ LV LQ SURJUHVV RX FDQ WHPSRUDULO VWRS LW E SUHVVLQJ 7KH JHQHUDWRU ZLOO VWRS SURGXFLQJ LRGLQH 7R FRQWLQXH WKH WLWUDWLRQ SUHVV ...

Страница 92: ... WKH WLWUDWLRQ PDQXDOO DQG UHWXUQ WR GOH PRGH 3UHVV WR VWRS WKH WLWUDWLRQ DQG UHWXUQ WR 6WDQGE PRGH KHQ WKH HQG SRLQW LV UHDFKHG WKH WLWUDWLRQ LV ILQLVKHG DQG WKH IROORZLQJ VFUHHQ LV GLVSOD HG 7KLV VFUHHQ GLVSOD V LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH WLWUDWLRQ GXUDWLRQ GULIW YDOXH XVHG IRU FRPSHQVDWLRQ VDPSOH VL H WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW 3UHVV WR VHH WKH WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW 3UHVV WR VHH WKH WLWUDWLRQ JUDSK 3UHVV WR SULQW ...

Страница 93: ...VWRU YHUDJLQJ DQG 6WDWLVWLFDO DWD FDQ EH YLHZHG 8VH WKH DQG NH V WR VFUROO WKH UHVXOWV OLVW 8VH WR FKRRVH WKH UHVXOWV WKDW ZLOO EH XVHG IRU DYHUDJLQJ 1RWH KHQ WKHUH DUH QR UHVXOWV VHOHFWHG GDVKHV ZLOO DSSHDU LQ WKH YHUDJH 6DPSOH RQFHQWUDWLRQ DQG WKH 6WDQGDUG HYLDWLRQ ILHOGV ...

Страница 94: ... 7 75 7 21 ...

Страница 95: ... 8 5 81 7 216 KDSWHU RQWHQWV 8 5 81 7 216 LU 3XPS LOOLQJ WKH 9HVVHO PSW LQJ WKH 9HVVHO 6WLUUHU 5HVXOWV 5HYLHZ DVW 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW 5HYLHZ YDLODEOH 5HSRUWV 3 DWD 0HWHU QIRUPDWLRQ 6HWXS 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW ...

Страница 96: ... 8 5 81 7 216 ...

Страница 97: ...WKDW WKH ERWWOH WRS DVVHPEOLHV DUH SURSHUO DVVHPEOHG WLJKWO VHDOHG DQG WKDW WKH OLTXLG KDQGOLQJ WXELQJ UHDFKHV WKH ERWWRP RI WKH UHDJHQW ERWWOH KHQ WKH OHYHO RI UHDJHQW LQVLGH WKH WLWUDWLRQ FHOO UHDFKHV WKH µPLQ OLQH UHOHDVH WKH EXWWRQ DQG GHDFWLYDWH WKH DLU SXPS ZLWK WKH RSWLRQ NH 5HWXUQ WKH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU WR LWV KROGHU 5HWXUQ WKH JODVV VWRSSHU WR WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO SRUW PSW LQJ WKH 9HVV...

Страница 98: ...WKH VWLUUHU DUH QRW DYDLODEOH 7KH VWLUUHU FDQ EH WXUQHG RQ DQG RII E SUHVVLQJ ZKLOH LQ GOH PRGH XULQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ SURFHVV WKH VWLUUHU FDQQRW EH WXUQHG RII 7KH VWLUULQJ VSHHG LV VHW ZLWKLQ WKH PHWKRG SDUDPHWHUV VHH 6HFWLRQ 6WLUULQJ 6SHHG XULQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ SURFHVV WKH VWLUULQJ VSHHG FDQ EH PDQXDOO DGMXVWHG E XVLQJ WKH DQG NH V ...

Страница 99: ...VV WKH IROORZLQJ RSWLRQV 5HYLHZ DVW 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW 7KH ODVW WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW FDQ EH UHYLHZHG 7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ VHHQ LQ WKH UHSRUW LV EDVHG RQ WKH VHOHFWLRQV PDGH LQ WKH 6HWXS 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW VFUHHQ 7KH IROORZLQJ RSWLRQ NH V DUH DYDLODEOH 7KH WLWUDWLRQ JUDSK FDQ EH UHYLHZHG E VHOHFWLQJ 3ULQW WKH WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW ...

Страница 100: ... UHYLHZHG DQG SULQWHG 7KH UHSRUW FRQWDLQV RQO WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ VHOHFWHG LQ WKH 6HWXS 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW VFUHHQV GXULQJ UHSRUW JHQHUDWLRQ 7KH IROORZLQJ RSWLRQ NH V DUH DYDLODEOH 5HYLHZ WKH WLWUDWLRQ JUDSK 3ULQW WKH WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW HOHWH WKH VHOHFWHG UHSRUW 3 DWD 3 GDWD FDQ EH RSWLRQDOO EH GLVSOD HG LQ HDFK UHSRUW QWHU XS WR DOSKDQXPHULF FKDUDFWHUV IRU HDFK RSWLRQ IURP 3 DWD VFUHHQ ...

Страница 101: ...FRQILJXUDWLRQ GDWD 7LWUDWRU 6HULDO 1XPEHU 7KH VHULDO QXPEHU RI WKH WLWUDWRU EDVH ERDUG QDORJ RDUG 6HULDO 1XPEHU 7KH VHULDO QXPEHU RI WKH WLWUDWRU DQDORJ ERDUG 7LWUDWRU 6RIWZDUH 9HUVLRQ 7KH FXUUHQW VRIWZDUH YHUVLRQ LQVWDOOHG RQ WKH WLWUDWRU DVH RDUG 6RIWZDUH 9HUVLRQ 7KH FXUUHQW VRIWZDUH YHUVLRQ SUHVHQW RQ WKH EDVH ERDUG RI WKH WLWUDWRU QDORJ DOLEUDWLRQ DWH 0DQXIDFWXUHU FDOLEUDWLRQ GDWH RI DQDORJ ER...

Страница 102: ... 8 5 81 7 216 6HWXS 7LWUDWLRQ 5HSRUW XVWRPL H D XQLTXH UHSRUW WR UHFRUG WKH WLWUDWLRQ UHVXOWV Q DVWHULVN PHDQV WKDW LW ZLOO EH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ UHSRUW ...

Страница 103: ...3 5 3 5 6 HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH 0DLQWHQDQFH HWHFWRU OHFWURGH 0DLQWHQDQFH 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU 0DLQWHQDQFH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU 0DLQWHQDQFH 3HULSKHUDOV RQQHFWLQJ DQ WHUQDO LVSOD RQQHFWLQJ DQ WHUQDO 3 H ERDUG RQQHFWLQJ D 3ULQWHU RQQHFWLQJ WR D RPSXWHU ...

Страница 104: ... 0 17 1 1 3 5 3 5 6 ...

Страница 105: ... FOHDU LW RI SRVVLEOH FRQWDPLQDQWV RU D PRUH WKRURXJK FOHDQLQJ DOORZ RU PRUH DOLTXRWV RI GU PHWKDQRO WR GLIIXVH WKURXJK WKH GLDSKUDJP LSH MRLQW JUHDVH RII RI WKH JURXQG JODVV MRLQWV ZLWK D FOHDQ GU FORWK RU WLVVXH OORZ WKH JHQHUDWRU WR GU 3ODFH LQ D GU LQJ RYHQ PD IRU KRXU RU XQWLO QR OLTXLG FRQGHQVDWLRQ LV YLVLEOH I QR RYHQ LV DYDLODEOH LW LV EHWWHU WR XVH WKH JHQHUDWRU LPPHGLDWHO LQ RUGHU WR DYR...

Страница 106: ...RP GDPDJH YRLG XVLQJ EUXVKHV DEUDVLYHV WR FOHDQ WKH SLQV 3LQV FDQ HDVLO EHQG ZKLFK ZLOO FDXVH SHUPDQHQW HUURUV LQ P9 UHDGLQJV 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU 0DLQWHQDQFH 7KH JODVV WXEH RI WKH UHDJHQW DGDSWHU KROGHU FDQ EH UHPRYHG IRU FOHDQLQJ LI UHDJHQW DQG RU ZDVWH KDV GULSSHG LQWR LW 7R FOHDQ WKH JODVV WXEH 1 5HPRYH WKH 5HDJHQW FKDQJH GDSWHU IURP WKH WRS RI WKH KROGHU 6ORZO UHPRYH WKH JODVV WXEH 8VH FDXWLR...

Страница 107: ...UH UH DVVHPEO 3HULSKHUDOV DUQLQJ RQQHFWLRQ GLVFRQQHFWLRQ RI 32 5 25 3803 66 0 7 51 3 63 35 17 5 56 17 5 RU 3 16 21 9 PXVW EH GRQH RQO ZKHQ WLWUDWRU DQG H WHUQDO GHYLFHV DUH WXUQHG RII RQQHFWLQJ DQ WHUQDO LVSOD 7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ VKRZQ RQ WKH WLWUDWRU GLVSOD FDQ EH YLHZHG DOVR RQ D 6WDQGDUG 9 GLVSOD FRQQHFWHG ZLWK D SLQ FDEOH DV SUHVHQWHG EHORZ RQQHFW WKH H WHUQDO GLVSOD WR WKH GLVSOD VRFNHW 7XUQ RQ W...

Страница 108: ... 0 17 1 1 3 5 3 5 6 RQQHFWLQJ DQ WHUQDO 3 H ERDUG 7KLV FRQQHFWLRQ DOORZV RX WR XVH DQ H WHUQDO 36 3 H ERDUG LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WLWUDWRU V NH SDG RQQHFW DQ H WHUQDO 3 H ERDUG 36 FRQQHFWRU ...

Страница 109: ...Q H XQFWLRQ H XQFWLRQ H XQFWLRQ H 2SWLRQ H IURP OHIW WR ULJKW XQFWLRQ H 2SWLRQ H IURP OHIW WR ULJKW XQFWLRQ H 2SWLRQ H IURP OHIW WR ULJKW XQFWLRQ H 2SWLRQ H IURP OHIW WR ULJKW XQFWLRQ H 2SWLRQ H IURP OHIW WR ULJKW XQFWLRQ H UURZ H 8S UURZ H RZQ UURZ H HIW UURZ H 5LJKW 3DJH 8S 3DJH RZQ 1XPHULF H V WR WR 7DE QWHU RPH DFFHVV HQHUDO 2SWLRQV OSKDQXPHULF H V OORZ DOSKDQXPHULF HQWULHV ...

Страница 110: ...QWHUV FDQ EH FRQQHFWHG WR WKH SDUDOOHO SRUW RI WKH WLWUDWRU XVLQJ D VWDQGDUG FDEOH DUQLQJ 7KH WLWUDWRU DQG WKH H WHUQDO SULQWHU PXVW ERWK EH 2 EHIRUH WKH DUH FRQQHFWHG RQQHFW WKH H WHUQDO SULQWHU WR WKH VWDQGDUG SLQ 6RFNHW 7XUQ RQ WKH WLWUDWRU DQG WKHQ WKH SULQWHU ...

Страница 111: ...KH FDEOH WR WKH 86 SRUW RQ WKH UHDU SDQHO RI WKH WLWUDWRU RQQHFW WKH FDEOH WR WKH 86 SRUW RQ WKH 3 6HOHFW WKH 86 LQN ZLWK 3 VFUHHQ RQ WKH WLWUDWRU E IROORZLQJ WKH SDWK HQHUDO 2SWLRQV 86 LQN ZLWK 3 DXQFK WKH 3 DSSOLFDWLRQ DQG WKHQ VHOHFW WKH DSSURSULDWH 86 SRUW RQ WKH 3 7KH 3 DSSOLFDWLRQ DOORZV WKH WUDQVIHU RI ILOHV PHWKRGV DQG UHSRUWV EHWZHHQ WLWUDWRU DQG 3 ...

Страница 112: ... 0 17 1 1 3 5 3 5 6 ...

Страница 113: ...XUUHQW 7LWUDWLRQ 6SHHG 6LJQDO YHUDJLQJ 7HUPLQDWLRQ 3DUDPHWHUV 6WDELOLW 7LPH ULIW 6WRS 7HUPLQDWLRQ ULWHULD 5HODWLYH ULIW 6WRS EVROXWH ULIW 6WRS 0HWKRG 2SWLRQV 3UH QDO VLV 6WLU 7LPH 6WLUULQJ 6SHHG DFNJURXQG ULIW 5DWH QWU 7KH 6DPSOH 3URSHU 6DPSOLQJ 3URFHGXUH HWHUPLQLQJ WKH 2SWLPDO 6DPSOH 6L H 6ROLG 6DPSOHV LTXLG 6DPSOHV ...

Страница 114: ... 0 7 2 6 237 0 7 21 6DPSOH 3UHSDUDWLRQ 7HFKQLTXHV LOXWLRQV WHUQDO LVVROXWLRQ WHUQDO WUDFWLRQV RPRJHQL DWLRQ HDWLQJ DUO LVFKHU 5HDJHQW 6 VWHP DWHU 6WDQGDUGV ...

Страница 115: ...WKH HQGSRLQW RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ WKH DPRXQW RI LRGLQH DGGHG LV HTXDO WR WKH DPRXQW RI ZDWHU IURP WKH VDPSOH KHQ DQ H FHVV RI LRGLQH KDV EHHQ JHQHUDWHG WKH H FHVV LRGLQH LV HDVLO UHGXFHG DQG WKH UHVXOWLQJ LRGLGH LV HDVLO R LGL HG LQ HOHFWURGH UHDFWLRQV DW WKH FDWKRGH DQG DQRGH UHVSHFWLYHO 7KH HDVH RI WKHVH UHDFWLRQV PDNH PDLQWDLQLQJ WKH SRODUL DWLRQ FXUUHQW SRVVLEOH DW D PXFK ORZHU HOHFWURGH SRWHQWLDO...

Страница 116: ...DQW EH RQG WKH HQGSRLQW DQG SURYLGHV HQKDQFHG GDWD GHQVLW LQ WKH YLFLQLW RI WKH HQGSRLQW UHVXOWLQJ LQ DFFXUDWH HQGSRLQW GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DQG IDVWHU WLWUDWLRQV 7KH PLQLPXP DQG PD LPXP GRVH YROXPH PXVW EH VHW DSSURSULDWHO E WKH XVHU IRU G QDPLF GRVLQJ WR EH HIIHFWLYH 7KH 7LWUDWLRQ 6SHHG VHWWLQJ FRQWUROV WKH UDWH RI LRGLQH JHQHUDWLRQ DVWHU WLWUDWLRQ VSHHGV ZLOO UHGXFH WKH WLWUDWLRQ WLPH EXW ZLOO LQFUHDV...

Страница 117: ...LQJXLVKHG E WKH ZD LQ ZKLFK WKH GULIW UDWH WKUHVKROGV DUH VSHFLILHG 5HODWLYH ULIW 6WRS 7KH UHODWLYH GULIW VWRS WHUPLQDWLRQ SDUDPHWHU VKRXOG EH WKH ILUVW FKRLFH WHUPLQDWLRQ FULWHULD W LV WKH PRVW XQLYHUVDOO DSSOLFDEOH HDVLHVW WR XVH DQG UHVXOWV LQ IDVW UHSHDWDEOH WLWUDWLRQV 7KLV SDUDPHWHU KDV WKH DGYDQWDJH RYHU RWKHU WHUPLQDWLRQ FULWHULD LQ WKDW WKH UHODWLYH GULIW UDWH WHUPLQDWLRQ YDOXH FDQ EH VHW ...

Страница 118: ...WLUULQJ 6SHHG 7KH V VWLUULQJ VSHHG FDQ EH VHW EHWZHHQ DQG 530 ZLWK 530 UHVROXWLRQ 7KH VWLUULQJ V VWHP LV HTXLSSHG ZLWK DQ RSWLFDO IHHGEDFN PHFKDQLVP WR HQVXUH WKDW WKH VWLUULQJ PRWRU LV URWDWLQJ DW WKH VSHHG VHW E WKH XVHU 7KH RSWLPXP VWLUULQJ VSHHG LV REWDLQHG ZKHQ D VPDOO YRUWH LV YLVLEOH I WKH VWLUULQJ VSHHG LV WRR ORZ WKH WLWUDQW ZLOO QRW UHDFW ZLWK WKH VDPSOH EHIRUH UHDFKLQJ WKH HOHFWURGH UHV...

Страница 119: ...RI WR PJ ZDWHU SHU VDPSOH GHDOO WKH VDPSOH VL H ZRXOG EH VFDOHG WR DOZD V EH LQ WKLV UDQJH EXW LW EHFRPHV LPSUDFWLFDO WR DGG WKH ODUJH VDPSOH VL HV WKDW ZRXOG EH UHTXLUHG IRU FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI SSP DQG ORZHU WWHPSWLQJ WR DGG PRUH WKDQ J RI VDPSOH LQFUHDVHV WKH FKDQFH RI HUURQHXV UHVXOWV GXH WR WKH VDPSOH VLJQLILFDQWO FKDQJLQJ WKH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI WKH UHDJHQW Q DGGLWLRQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO ZLOO TXLFN...

Страница 120: ...OO RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO HOHFWURGH RU GLVSHQVLQJ WLS UDZ D VPDOO DPRXQW RI DLU IURP LQVLGH WKH FHOO LQWR WKH V ULQJH WR HQVXUH WKDW QR VDPSOH GURSV UHPDLQ RQ WKH WLS RI WKH QHHGOH 5HPRYH WKH V ULQJH DQG QHHGOH IURP WKH VHSWXP WDNLQJ FDUH WR QRW WRXFK WKH QHHGOH WR WKH VROYHQW RU RWKHU LQWHUQDO FHOO FRPSRQHQWV HWHUPLQH WKH PDVV RI WKH V ULQJH DQG QHHGOH DOFXODWH WKH PDVV RI WKH VDPSOH DGGHG WR WK...

Страница 121: ...W RI FKRLFH IRU VDPSOH GLOXWLRQV I WKH VDPSOH FRQWDLQV IDWV RU RLOV WKHQ D PL WXUH RI PHWKDQRO DQG FKORURIRUP FDQ EH XVHG WR SURPRWH VROXELOLW RI WKH VDPSOH 7KH IROORZLQJ RXWOLQHV D JHQHULF GLOXWLRQ SURFHGXUH HWHUPLQH WKH PDVV RI D GU IODVN HTXLSSHG ZLWK D VHSWXP VWRSSHU 7UDQVIHU DSSUR LPDWHO J RI VDPSOH WR WKH IODVN DQG PHDVXUH WKH PDVV RI WKH IODVN DQG WKH VDPSOH WRJHWKHU GG JUDPV RI GLOXWLRQ VR...

Страница 122: ... GLVWULEXWHG WKURXJKRXW D FROOHFWHG VDPSOH E WKH XVH RI KLJK VSHHG KLJK VKHDU PL HUV FDOOHG KRPRJHQL HUV Q PL HG SKDVH RLO DQG ZDWHU QRQ DTXHRXV VDPSOHV ZDWHU WHQGV WR PLJUDWH WR WKH VXUIDFH RI WKH VDPSOH VROXWLRQ DGKHUH WR WKH LQQHU ZDOOV RI RU VLQN WR WKH ERWWRP RI WKH VDPSOH ERWWOH 7KLV LV SDUWLFXODUO SUREOHPDWLF ZKHQ VDPSOLQJ LV GRQH DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV DQG WKH VSHFLPHQ LV VXEVHTXHQWO DOORZHG...

Страница 123: ...62 03 3 DQG JXLGHOLQHV IRU ZDWHU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ DWHU VWDQGDUGV DUH DYDLODEOH FRPPHUFLDOO LQ VLQJOH XVH VHDOHG DPSRXOHV RQFHQWUDWLRQ YDOXHV DUH W SLFDOO DQG PJ J DQG DUH FHUWLILHG E WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU RXORPHWU LV DQ DEVROXWH PHWKRG WKDW GRHV QRW UHTXLUH FDOLEUDWLRQ RU WLWHU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ EXW LW LV XVHIXO WR RFFDVLRQDO WLWUDWH ZDWHU VWDQGDUGV DV D V VWHP FKHFN 7KLV ZLOO FRQILUP WKDW WKHUH DUH QR LVVXHV...

Страница 124: ... 0 7 2 6 237 0 7 21 ...

Страница 125: ... 33 1 ...

Страница 126: ... 33 1 0 1 ...

Страница 127: ... 33 1 SSHQGL RQWHQWV 7 1 63 7 216 ...

Страница 128: ... 33 1 ...

Страница 129: ...U JODVV MRLQW FRQQHFWLRQV 2SHUDWLQJ 9ROXPH P 6HSWXP 6LOLFRQH UXEEHU 6HSWXP DS 7KUHDG 5HDJHQW 3RUW 6WDQGDUG 7DSHU HWHFWRU OHFWURGH 7 SH XDO SODWLQXP SLQ SRODUL DWLRQ HOHFWURGH OHFWULFDO RQQHFWLRQ 1 ODVV RQQHFWLRQ 6WDQGDUG 7DSHU 3RODUL DWLRQ XUUHQW μ 9ROWDJH 5DQJH P9 WR P9 9ROWDJH 5HVROXWLRQ P9 FFXUDF HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH 7 SH LDSKUDJP RU LDSKUDJP OHVV OHFWURGH 7 SH HWHFWLRQ XWRPDWLF OHFWULFDO RQQHFWLR...

Страница 130: ... SULQWHU ZKLFK DOORZV SULQWLQJ IURP WKH WLWUDWRU 0RQLWRU QVWUXPHQW VWDWXV DQG WLWUDWLRQV FDQ EH YLHZHG RQ D ODUJHU VFUHHQ XVLQJ DQ 9 FRPSDWLEOH H WHUQDO PRQLWRU H ERDUG OSKDQXPHULF WH W FDQ EH HQWHUHG XVLQJ DQ RSWLRQDO 36 NH ERDUG UDSKLF LVSOD 3L HO RORU 3RZHU 6XSSO 9DF 3RZHU UDZ PSV DQJXDJHV QJOLVK 3RUWXJXHVH 6SDQLVK UHQFK 7LWUDWLRQ 0HWKRGV 8S WR VWDQGDUG DQG XVHU PHWKRGV DWD 6WRUDJH 8S WR FRPSOH...

Страница 131: ... 33 1 SSHQGL 5HFRPPHQGHG 5HDJHQWV 5 200 1 5 176 5HDJHQWV IRU HQHUDWRUV ZLWK LDSKUDJP 5HDJHQWV IRU HQHUDWRUV ZLWKRXW LDSKUDJP DWHU 6WDQGDUGV ...

Страница 132: ... 33 1 ...

Страница 133: ...2LO DQRO WH RXORPDW FDWKRO WH GURFDUERQV 2LOV RXORPDW DQRO WH RXORPDW FDWKRO WH GURFDUERQV 2LOV RXORPDW DQRO WH RXORPDW FDWKRO WH HWRQHV OGHK GHV 5HDJHQWV IRU HQHUDWRUV ZLWKRXW LDSKUDJP 6LJPD OGULFK 5 1 RXORPDW HQHUDO 3XUSRVH RXORPDW WKDQRO EDVHG RXORPDW GURFDUERQV 2LOV RXORPDW HWRQHV OGHK GHV RXORPDW HGLFDWHG IRU FHOO DWHU 6WDQGDUGV 6LJPD OGULFK 5 1 DWHU 6WDQGDUG DWHU 6WDQGDUG ...

Страница 134: ... 33 1 ...

Страница 135: ... 33 1 SSHQGL FFHVVRULHV 7 75 725 20321 176 ...

Страница 136: ... 33 1 ...

Страница 137: ...WLRQ 9HVVHO ODVV RQO HWHFWRU OHFWURGH HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH ZLWK LDSKUDJP HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH ZLWKRXW LDSKUDJP LU 3XPS 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU VVHPEO 7 75 725 20321 176 5HDJHQW GDSWHU ROGHU ODVV RQO 7LWUDWLRQ 9HVVHO VVHPEO ...

Страница 138: ...HFXODU VLHYHV HVLFFDQW DUWULGJH IRU 5HDJHQW DVWH RWWOHV 7XELQJ IRU 5HDJHQW DVWH DQGOLQJ 7XELQJ IRU LU 3XPS 2SHQ WRS DS ODVV 6WRSSHU 6WDQGDUG 7DSHU HVLFFDQW DUWULGJH IRU HQHUDWRU OHFWURGHV 2 ULQJ VHW DVWH RWWOH 0ROHFXODU VLHYHV J DOLEUDWLRQ H 9 3RZHU 6XSSO ...

Страница 139: ... 33 1 0DQXDO QJOLVK IRU 8 3 SSOLFDWLRQ RQ 86 ODVK ULYH 86 DEOH 6HSWXP LW SFV ODVV RLQW UHDVH HQHUDWRU DEOH ...

Страница 140: ... 33 1 0 1 ...

Страница 141: ... 1 5 33 7 216 52 85 5 6 5 28 20 75 7 75 725 ZZZ KDQQDLQVW FRP ...

Страница 142: ......

Страница 143: ...pproximately 1 mL into the titration vessel through the septum using the needle Pay attention not to get any standard on the electrode or beaker walls If necessary swirl the titration vessel by hand x Clear the needle of residual standard by in taking a very small volume of air from the titration vessel If a hanging drop of standard is seen on the end of the needle dip the end of the needle briefl...

Страница 144: ......

Страница 145: ...nter the sample size x Dispense 0 8000 g to 1 0000 g of solvent into the titration vessel through the septum using the needle Pay attention not to get any sample on the electrode or beaker walls If necessary swirl the titration vessel by hand x Clear the needle of residual sample by in taking a small volume of air from the titration vessel If a hanging drop of solvent is seen on the end of the nee...

Страница 146: ......

Страница 147: ...L x Press Start Stop to pre titrate the reagent x Fill the syringe and needle with the sample x Weigh the syringe needle and sample x Press Start Analysis You will be prompted to enter the sample size x Enter the Estimated Bromine Index The titrator will recommend the optimal sample size to be added to the titration vessel Dispense the amount provided from the optimal sample size into the titratio...

Страница 148: ... Applications r 1 0 Results Titration Report Method Name BrIndex of Aromatics Time Date 12 00 Jan 01 2013 Sample Size 0 4978 g Bromine Consumed 1 609 mg Result 323 33 mg 100g Titration Duration 4 36 mm ss Generator Electrode Type HI 900518 Titration went to Completion Operator Name Analyst Signature _______________________ ...

Страница 149: ... 7 75 7 21 7 25 7 75 7 21 7 25 3ULQFLSOHV 5 6 5 28 80 75 7 75 725 5HYLVLRQ ZZZ KDQQDLQVW FRP ...

Страница 150: ... 7 75 7 21 7 25 ...

Страница 151: ...LRQV HQHUDWRU OHFWURGHV ZLWK LDSKUDJP HQHUDWRU OHFWURGH ZLWKRXW LDSKUDJP 9LVXDO QGLFDWLRQ RI DUO LVKHU 7LWUDWLRQV OHFWURPHWULF QGLFDWLRQ RI DUO LVKHU 7LWUDWLRQV FLG DVH 7LWUDWLRQV UJHQWRPHWULF 7LWUDWLRQV RPSOH RPHWULF 7LWUDWLRQV RQ 6HOHFWLYH 7LWUDWLRQV 1RQ DTXHRXV 6ROYHQW FLG DVH 7LWUDWLRQV 3UHFLSLWDWLRQ 7LWUDWLRQV 5HGR 7LWUDWLRQV 7LWUDWLRQV FFRUGLQJ WR 7KH 7LWUDWLRQ 6HTXHQFH DFN 7LWUDWLRQV 0XOWLS...

Страница 152: ...FXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW DV PDVV VXEWUDFWLQJ DFNJURXQG ULIW 5DWH DOFXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW LQ WHUQDO LVVROXWLRQ 6DPSOHV DOFXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW LQ WHUQDO WUDFWLRQ 6DPSOHV DOFXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW LQ DVHRXV 6DPSOHV DOFXODWLRQ RI 7LWHU ZDWHU HTXLYDOHQW RI WKH WLWUDQW XVLQJ VRGLXP WDUWUDWH GLK GUDWH FRQWDLQLQJ ZDWHU E PDVV DOFXODWLRQ RI 7LWHU ZDWHU HTXLYDOHQW RI WKH WLWUDQW XVLQJ ZDWHU VWDQ...

Страница 153: ... VRPH RWKHU SK VLFDO PHDVXUHPHQW 7LWUDWLRQV FDQQRW EH XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH TXDQWLW RI DOO DQDO WHV 7KH FKHPLFDO UHDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WLWUDQW DQG DQDO WH PXVW IXOILOO IRXU UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KH UHDFWLRQ PXVW EH IDVW DQG RFFXU ZLWKLQ DSSUR LPDWHO RQH VHFRQG DIWHU WKH WLWUDQW LV DGGHG 7KH UHDFWLRQ PXVW JR WR FRPSOHWLRQ 7KH UHDFWLRQ PXVW KDYH ZHOO NQRZQ VWRLFKLRPHWU UHDFWLRQ UDWLRV FRQYHQLHQW HQGSRLQW RU ...

Страница 154: ... DQG HDV WUDLQLQJ 6XLWDELOLW WR PHDVXUH PDMRU FRPSRQHQWV RI D PL WXUH RU SURGXFW XWRPDWLRQ FDQ UHGXFH WLPH DQG ODERU VSHQW RQ HDFK DQDO VLV 6RPH GLVDGYDQWDJHV RI WLWUDWLRQV DUH 7LPH LW WDNHV WR SUHSDUH VWDQGDUGV DQG WLWUDQWV RRG WHFKQLTXH LV UHTXLUHG WR DFKLHYH SUHFLVH UHVXOWV WUDLQLQJ DQG SUDFWLFH UHTXLUHG 1RW VXLWDEOH IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WUDFH RU PLQRU FRPSRQHQWV RI D PL WXUH RU SURGXFW LPLWHG G QDP...

Страница 155: ... WKH FKDQJH LQ WKH HOHFWURDFWLYLW RI WKH VROXWLRQ 0DQ PHWDO LRQV FDQ EH DPSHURPHWULFDOO WLWUDWHG XVLQJ D SUHFLSLWDWLRQ FRPSOH DWLRQ RU UHGR UHDFWLRQ 6RPH PHWDO LRQV DQG VSHFLHV WKDW FDQ EH GHWHUPLQHG LQ WKLV PDQQHU LQFOXGH VLOYHU EDULXP KDOLGHV SRWDVVLXP PDJQHVLXP SDOODGLXP PRO EGDWH VXOIDWH WXQJVWDWH LQF ELVPXWK FDGPLXP IOXRULGH LQGLXP WKDOOLXP LRGLQH DQG JROG LJXUH VKRZV IRXU DPSHURPHWULF WLWUDW...

Страница 156: ...DWRUV WKDW FKDQJH FRORU GXULQJ WKH FRXUVH RI WKH WLWUDWLRQ DUH DYDLODEOH IRU PDQ WLWUDWLRQV 0RUH DFFXUDWH GDWD RQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ FXUYH FDQ EH REWDLQHG LI WKH OLJKW DEVRUSWLRQ LV PRQLWRUHG LQVWUXPHQWDOO XVLQJ D OLJKW VRXUFH D VLPSOH PRQRFKURPDWRU DQG D SKRWRGHWHFWRU UDWKHU WKDQ YLVXDOO GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH FRORU RU OLJKW DEVRUSWLRQ FKDQJH LJKW DEVRUSWLRQ E HLWKHU DQ LQGLFDWRU RU E RQH RI WKH UHDFWDQWV RU...

Страница 157: ...UO LVFKHU 7LWUDWLRQV DWHU GHWHUPLQDWLRQ E DUO LVFKHU WLWUDWLRQ LV EDVHG RQ WKH UHDFWLRQ GHVFULEHG E XQVHQ LQ LQ ZKLFK VXOIXU GLR LGH LV R LGL HG E LRGLQH LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI ZDWHU 62 2 J 62 Q DUO LVFKHU V DUWLFOH D QHZ SURFHGXUH IRU WKH WLWUDWLRQ RI ZDWHU KH SUHVHQWHG D PRGLILHG IRUP RI WKH XQVHQ UHDFWLRQ DGDSWHG IRU XVH LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH ZDWHU FRQWHQW RI QRQ DTXHRXV VROXWLRQV LV WLWUDWLRQV ZHUH F...

Страница 158: ...H LQWURGXFHG E WKH WLWUDQW RQH FRPSRQHQW V VWHP RU E WKH VROYHQW WZR FRPSRQHQW V VWHP 2QH FRPSRQHQW UHDJHQW V VWHPV FDQ XWLOL H D FXVWRP VROYHQW RU VROYHQW PL WXUH VLQFH DOO RI WKH DUO LVFKHU UHDFWLRQ FRPSRQHQWV DUH LQ WKH WLWUDQW RZHYHU RQH FRPSRQHQW UHDJHQWV GR QRW KDYH YHU VWDEOH WLWHUV GR QRW KDYH D ORQJ VKHOI OLIH DQG VXIIHU VORZHU WLWUDWLRQ VSHHGV 7ZR FRPSRQHQW UHDJHQW V VWHPV KDYH WKH DGYDQ...

Страница 159: ...VV WKH GLDSKUDJP GXULQJ GULIW DQDO VLV DQG VDPSOH DQDO VLV DQG ZLOO DGG WR WKH DSSDUHQW GULIW UDWH 7KH VHFRQG GLVDGYDQWDJH LV WKH ULVN RI GLDSKUDJP EORFNDJH RU FRQWDPLQDWLRQ 6XEVWDQFHV LQ WKH VDPSOH PDWUL PD FORJ WKH GLDSKUDJP RU VDOWV FRXOG SUHFLSLWDWH LQVLGH WKH GLDSKUDJP FORJJHG GLDSKUDJP ZLOO SUHYHQW LRQ PLJUDWLRQ ZKLFK LQ VHYHUH FDVHV ZLOO EORFN WKH HOHFWURO WLF UHDFWLRQ RI WKH JHQHUDWRU 7KH ...

Страница 160: ...H WKH WZR W SHV RI HOHFWURPHWULF GHWHFWLRQ PHWKRGV FRPPRQO XVHG IRU LQGLFDWLRQ RI DUO LVFKHU WLWUDWLRQV RWK PHWKRGV XVH HLWKHU D GRXEOH SODWLQXP SLQ RU D GRXEOH SODWLQXP ULQJ HOHFWURGH WR GHWHFW H FHVV LRGLQH LQ D WLWUDWLRQ VROXWLRQ IWHU WKH WLWUDWLRQ HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW DOO RI WKH ZDWHU LQ WKH WLWUDWLRQ VROXWLRQ KDV EHHQ UHDFWHG 7KH QH W GRVH RI WLWUDQW DGGHG WR WKH VROXWLRQ FRQWDLQV LRGLQH ZKLFK U...

Страница 161: ...KLJKO UHSURGXFLEOH WLWUDWLRQV 6HFRQG WKH DFFXUDF RI HOHFWURPHWULFDOO LQGLFDWHG WLWUDWLRQV DUH QRW DIIHFWHG E WKH RYHU WLWUDWLRQ EHFDXVH WKH VOLJKW H FHVV RI LRGLQH KDV EHHQ DFFRXQWHG IRU GXULQJ WKH VWDQGDUGL DWLRQ RI WKH WLWUDQW FLG DVH 7LWUDWLRQV FLG EDVH WLWUDWLRQV DUH WKH PRVW FRPPRQ W SH RI WLWUDWLRQV FLG EDVH WLWUDWLRQV DUH EDVHG XSRQ D UHDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ DQ DFLG DQG D EDVH D VWRLFKLRPHWULF QHX...

Страница 162: ... 7KHVH WLWUDWLRQV DUH FRPPRQO XVHG WR WLWUDWH DQG GHWHUPLQH WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI EURPLGH FKORULGH F DQLGH LRGLGH DQG VXOILGH UJHQWRPHWULF WLWUDWLRQV FDQ EH GRQH ZLWK 0RKU V LQGLFDWRU ZKHQ DOO RI WKH FKORULGH KDV UHDFWHG D UHG VLOYHU FKURPDWH SUHFLSLWDWH LV IRUPHG RU WKH WLWUDWLRQ FDQ EH HDVLO IROORZHG ZLWK D VLOYHU 6 RU FKORULGH 6 IRU FKORULGH WLWUDWLRQV DQG D UHIHUHQFH HOHFWURGH LJXUH VKRZV WKH W...

Страница 163: ... XVLQJ DQ LQGLFDWRU HOHFWURGH WKDW UHVSRQGV WR WKH PHWDO LRQ VHH LJXUH RQ 6HOHFWLYH 7LWUDWLRQV 7KH PRVW SRSXODU LRQ VHOHFWLYH WLWUDWLRQ LV DQ DFLG EDVH WLWUDWLRQ 7KH K GURJHQ LRQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ LV VSHFLILFDOO PHDVXUHG DQG PRQLWRUHG GXULQJ WKH WLWUDWLRQ SURFHVV WR ORFDWH WKH HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW 8VLQJ DQ LRQ VHOHFWLYH HOHFWURGH 6 DV WKH LQGLFDWRU HOHFWURGH WKH SRWHQWLRPHWULF VLJQDO LQ P9 LV XVHG WR GLU...

Страница 164: ...EOH FRPSRXQGV 7KH HQGSRLQW IRU QRQ DTXHRXV WLWUDWLRQV DUH XVXDOO GHWHUPLQHG SRWHQWLRPHWULFDOO XVLQJ D S JODVV HOHFWURGH D PRGLILHG FDORPHO RU GRXEOH MXQFWLRQ UHIHUHQFH HOHFWURGH ZLWK D ORZ IORZ UDWH UHIHUHQFH MXQFWLRQ RRG SRWHQWLRPHWULF WLWUDWLRQ FXUYHV DUH REWDLQHG LQ PRVW VROYHQWV H FHSW WKRVH ZLWK YHU ORZ GLHOHFWULF FRQVWDQWV VXFK DV EHQ HQH FKORURIRUP DQG RWKHUV ZKHQ KLJK HOHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH...

Страница 165: ...H GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKH WRWDO YROXPH RI WKH ILUVW UHDJHQW DGGHG DQG DPRXQW GHWHUPLQHG IURP WKH VHFRQG WLWUDWLRQ LV WKH TXDQWLW RI UHDJHQW UHTXLUHG WR FRPSOHWH WKH ILUVW UHDFWLRQ 0XOWLSOH QG 3RLQW 7LWUDWLRQV 8QGHU FHUWDLQ FRQGLWLRQV VRPH WLWUDWLRQV FDQ H KLELW PRUH WKDQ RQH HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW DQG EH WLWUDWDEOH WR WKH LQGLYLGXDO HQG SRLQWV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI HDFK LQGLYLGXDO FRPSRQHQW DPSOH...

Страница 166: ... 7 75 7 21 7 25 LJXUH Potential glass electrode mV ...

Страница 167: ...RZQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ YLVXDO RU LQVWUXPHQWDO LQGLFDWRU IRU GHWHFWLQJ WKH FRPSOHWLRQ RI WKH UHDFWLRQ W SLFDO PDQXDO WLWUDWLRQ FRQVLVWV RI WKH IROORZLQJ VWHSV YROXPHWULF SLSHWWH LV W SLFDOO XVHG WR DGG D NQRZQ YROXPH RI VDPSOH WR WKH IODVN Q LQGLFDWRU VROXWLRQ RU LQVWUXPHQW SUREH LV DGGHG WR WKH IODVN EXUHWWH LV XVHG WR PHDVXUH WKH DGGLWLRQ RI WLWUDQW WR WKH IODVN DQG GLVSHQVH WLWUDQW LQ D FRQWUROOHG PD...

Страница 168: ...YHU ORZ JHDU EDFNODVK LQ WKH EXUHWWH SXPS PLQLPDO SLVWRQ VHDO IOH LQJ SUHFLVLRQ JURXQG LQQHU GLDPHWHU RI WKH JODVV V ULQJH D ORZ GHDG YROXPH YDOYH PLQLPDO HYDSRUDWLRQ SHUPHDWLRQ DQG FKHPLFDOO UHVLVWDQW WXELQJ SSDUDWXV UHTXLUHG IRU DXWRPDWLF WLWUDWLRQ LQFOXGH Q DXWRPDWLF WLWUDWRU HTXLSSHG ZLWK D EXUHWWH EHDNHU Q HOHFWURQLF VWLUULQJ V VWHP HLWKHU D SURSHOOHU VWLUUHU RU D PDJQHWLF VWLU EDU DQG VWLU S...

Страница 169: ... QRQ UHSUHVHQWDWLYH VDPSOH 6DPSOH FKDQJHG RU ZDV FRQWDPLQDWHG GXULQJ FROOHFWLRQ VWRUDJH RU WUDQVIHUV 3RRU WHFKQLTXH ZKHQ WUDQVIHUULQJ VDPSOH WR EHDNHU RU IODVN UURUV LQ WKH EDODQFH FDOLEUDWH DQG FKHFN EDODQFH UHJXODUO UURUV ZLWK 7LWUDQW DQG 6WDQGDUG 3UHSDUDWLRQ UURUV QFRUUHFW SUHSDUDWLRQ GXH WR 3RRU WHFKQLTXH LQ ZHLJKLQJ WKH VDOW RU ZKHQ WUDQVIHUULQJ WR YROXPHWULF JODVVZDUH RZ SXULW RI VDOWV RU ZD...

Страница 170: ...WLYH DQG VHFRQG GHULYDWLYH 7KH LQIOHFWLRQ SRLQW RI D SRWHQWLRPHWULF FXUYH P9 YV 9ROXPH LV QRUPDOO DVVXPHG WR EH WKH HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW 7KH ILUVW GHULYDWLYH LV RIWHQ XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH LQIOHFWLRQ SRLQW 7KH PD LPXP YDOXH RI WKH ILUVW GHULYDWLYH P9 YV 9 FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH WKHRUHWLFDO HTXLYDOHQFH SRLQW XULQJ D WLWUDWLRQ LW LV UDUH WR KDYH D GDWD SRLQW H DFWO DW WKH ILUVW GHULYDWLYH PD LPXP WKH PD LP...

Страница 171: ...PH RI 7LWUDQW P 7LWHU 7LWUDQW 7LWHU PJ P 9 VDPSOH 9ROXPH RI 6DPSOH P G VDPSOH HQVLW RI 6DPSOH J P DOFXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW DV YROXPH IURP VDPSOHV PHDVXUHG E YROXPH VDPSOH RQFHQWUDWLRQ RI 6DPSOH Y Y 9 WLWUDQW 9ROXPH RI 7LWUDQW P 7LWHU 7LWUDQW 7LWHU PJ P 9 VDPSOH 9ROXPH RI 6DPSOH P G ZDWHU HQVLW RI DWHU DW QDO VLV 7HPSHUDWXUH J P DOFXODWLRQ RI ZDWHU FRQWHQW DV PDVV VXEWUDFWLQJ DFNJURXQG ULIW 5DWH...

Страница 172: ...DPSOHV The water content of gases is normally reported in units of μJ RU PJ VDPSOH RQFHQWUDWLRQ RI 6DPSOH PJ 9 WLWUDQW 9ROXPH RI 7LWUDQW P 7LWHU 7LWUDQW 7LWHU PJ P ORZ 5DWH 6DPSOH ORZ 5DWH PLQ ORZ XUDWLRQ 6DPSOH WUDFWLRQ 7LPH PLQ 7R FDOFXODWH WKH ZDWHU FRQWHQW LQ Z Z WKH PDVV RI WKH JDV LQWURGXFHG LQWR WKH WLWUDWLRQ YHVVHO PXVW EH NQRZQ 7KLV FDQ EH GHWHUPLQHG E FDOFXODWLRQV XVLQJ LGHDO JDV ODZV RU...

Страница 173: ... RQFHQWUDWLRQ J J 9 WLWUDQW 9ROXPH RI WLWUDQW WLWUDQW 7LWUDQW RQFHQWUDWLRQ HT 5DWLR TXLYDOHQFH UDWLR RI DQDO WH WLWUDQW PRO DQDO WH HT WLWUDQW DQDO WH RUPXOD HLJKW RI WKH QDO WH J PRO P VDPSOH 0DVV RI VDPSOH J 9ROXPH VDPSOH 6DPSOH RQFHQWUDWLRQ J P 9 WLWUDQW 9ROXPH RI WLWUDQW WLWUDQW 7LWUDQW RQFHQWUDWLRQ HT 5DWLR TXLYDOHQFH UDWLR RI DQDO WH WLWUDQW PRO DQDO WH HT WLWUDQW DQDO WH RUPXOD HLJKW RI WKH...

Страница 174: ...Q PDWUL 7KH EDVLF WLWUDWLRQ HTXDWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG IRU D EODQN WLWUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH VLQJOH PRGLILFDWLRQ WKDW WKH YROXPH RI WLWUDQW XVHG LQ WKH EODQN WLWUDWLRQ VKRXOG EH VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH UHJXODU WLWUDWLRQ WLWUDQW YROXPH 6DPSOH 6DPSOH RQFHQWUDWLRQ J J WLWUDQW 7LWUDQW RQFHQWUDWLRQ HT 9 VDPSOH 9ROXPH RI 7LWUDQW UHTXLUHG IRU WKH VDPSOH 9 EODQN 9ROXPH RI 7LWUDQW UHTXLUHG IRU WKH EODQN 5DWLR TXLYDOHQFH UD...

Страница 175: ...P DFN 7LWUDWLRQ 7KH HTXDWLRQ XVHG LQ EDFN WLWUDWLRQ FDOFXODWLRQV LV DOVR VLPLODU WR WKH HTXDWLRQ IRU D EODQN WLWUDWLRQ QVWHDG RI VXEWUDFWLQJ WKH LQLWLDO DPRXQW RI WLWUDQW QHHGHG WR UHDFW ZLWK WKH EODQN WKH DPRXQW RI VHFRQG WLWUDQW QHHGHG WR UHDFW ZLWK WKH H FHVV WLWUDQW DGGHG LQ WKH ILUVW WLWUDWLRQ LV VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH DPRXQW RI WKH ILUVW WLWUDQW DGGHG 7KH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR DPRXQWV LV W...

Страница 176: ... UHVXOWV DFN 7LWUDWLRQ W SH RI WLWUDWLRQ ZKHUH DQ H FHVV DPRXQW RI WLWUDQW LV DGGHG WR D VDPSOH IRUFLQJ D VOXJJLVK UHDFWLRQ WR JR WR FRPSOHWLRQ 7KH H FHVV UHDJHQW LV WKHQ EDFN WLWUDWHG ZLWK D VHFRQG WLWUDQW DVH FKHPLFDO VSHFLHV WKDW FDQ DFFHSW RQH RU PRUH SURWRQV K GURJHQ LRQV LDPSHURPHWULF QGLFDWLRQ 8VHV D GRXEOH SODWLQXP SLQ HOHFWURGH WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW IORZ WKURXJK D WLWUDWLRQ VROXWLRQ LYRO...

Страница 177: ...LFDOO XVHG LQ PDQXDO WLWUDWLRQV KHPLFDO LQGLFDWRUV KDYH EHHQ UHSODFHG ZLWK HOHFWURPHWULF LQGLFDWRUV ZKLFK DUH XVHG ZLWK DXWRPDWLF WLWUDWRUV QIOHFWLRQ 3RLQW 7KH SRLQW RQ D WLWUDWLRQ FXUYH ZHUH WKH VHFRQG GHULYDWLYH FXUYH FKDQJHV VLJQV RQ 6HOHFWLYH OHFWURGH 6 Q HOHFWURGH WKDW UHVSRQGV WR D VSHFLILF LRQ WKH HOHFWURGH SRWHQWLDO LV SURSRUWLRQDO WR WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RU DFWLYLW RI WKDW LRQ LQ WKH VROXWLR...

Страница 178: ...RLQW LV GHWHUPLQHG E PRQLWRULQJ WKH YROWDJH RI WKH VROXWLRQ XVLQJ DQ HOHFWURGH 3UHFLSLWDWLRQ 7LWUDWLRQ WLWUDWLRQ LQ ZKLFK WKH DQDO WH UHDFWV ZLWK WKH WLWUDQW WR IRUP DQ LQVROXEOH FRPSRXQG 7KH HQG SRLQW LV W SLFDOO GHWHFWHG ZLWK DQ 6 VHQVLWLYH WR HLWKHU WKH DQDO WH RU WLWUDQW 5HDJHQW 7KH FKHPLFDO DGGHG LQ D WLWUDWLRQ WKDW FDXVHV WKH JLYHQ UHDFWLRQ WR RFFXU 5HGXFWLRQ 2 LGDWLRQ 5HDFWLRQ UHGR FKHPLFDO...

Страница 179: ...OXPHWULF SURFHGXUH XVHG LQ DQDO WLFDO FKHPLVWU WR GHWHUPLQH WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI DQ DQDO WH LQ VROXWLRQ 7KH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI WKH DQDO WH LV GHWHUPLQHG E VORZO DGGLQJ D WLWUDQW WR WKH VROXWLRQ V WKH WLWUDQW LV DGGHG D FKHPLFDO UHDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WLWUDQW DQG WKH DQDO WH RFFXUV 7LWUDWLRQ XUYH JUDSK FRQWDLQLQJ WKH SK VLFDO GDWD REWDLQHG IRU D WLWUDWLRQ 7KH GDWD SORWWHG LV RIWHQ DQ LQGHSHQGHQW YDULDE...

Страница 180: ... 7 75 7 21 7 25 7LWU 7 25 ...

Отзывы:

Нет отзывов

Бренды по названию

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Популярные бренды

Загрузить еще бренды