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GRUMMAN AMERICAN
FOR TRAINING USE ONLY – SECTION 1
MODEL GA-7/COUGAR
GENERAL
1-8
Issued: April 10, 1978
SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY
GENERAL AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS
CAS
Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated speed corrected for position and instrument error.
Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
g
g is acceleration due to gravity.
IAS
Indicated Airspeed is the speed as shown on the airspeed indicator when corrected for
instrument error. IAS values published in this handbook assume zero instrument error.
KCAS
Knots Calibrated Airspeed. Calibrated airspeed expressed in knots.
KIAS
Knots Indicated Airspeed. Indicated airspeed expressed in knots.
KTAS
Knots True Airspeed. True airspeed expressed in knots.
TAS
True Airspeed is the airspeed relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS corrected for
altitude, temperature and compressibility.
GS
Ground Speed. The speed of an aircraft relative to the ground.
V
A
Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which application of full available control will
not overstress the airplane.
V
FE
Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a
prescribed extended position.
V
LE
Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed is the maximum speed at which an airplane can be
safely flown with the landing gear extended.
V
LO
Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed is the maximum speed at which the landing gear
can be safely extended or retracted.
V
MCA
Air Minimum Control Speed is the minimum flight speed at which the airplane is controllable
with a bank of not more than 5° when one engine suddenly becomes inoperative and the
remaining engine is operating at takeoff power.
V
NE
Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at anytime.
V
NO
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in
smooth air, then only with caution.
V
S
Stalling Speed (Clean) is the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is
controllable.
V
S0
Stalling Speed (Landing) is the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is
controllable in the landing configuration.