4.4.3 System Working Principle
4.4.3.1 Wheel Alignment
Driver turning the steering wheel turn the vehicle to the desired
direction. However, if driving on the straight road, driver must
adjust the steering wheel from time to time in order to maintain
the vehicle straight-line driving, or turning at a corner, driver
makes a lot of effort, the driver will be under physical and
mental stress. To address this problem and to prevent
premature tire wear, according to certain requirements, wheels
are installed on a vehicle body (or chassis) at a certain angle.
These angles are called as "Wheel Alignment". It is a
comprehensive term referring to the front and rear axles,
wheels, steering components and suspension components
relative angles.
Correct wheel alignment makes the steering easy. On the
straight road, the driver only needs minor adjust to the steering
wheel to keep the vehicle move straight ahead, and only a little
effort to turn the vehicle. In other words, if various angles
constitutes the "wheel alignment" are adjusted correctly, the
turning will be easy. But even if one of them is adjusted
improperly, it may have the following problems: steering
problems; poor steering stability; poor steering wheel return;
reduced tires life.
Vehicle positioning angles include: front toe, camber, caster,
kingpin inclination angle, steering angle, tolerance angle,
forward angle, grinding tire radius. These angles and size
depend on the vehicles suspension systems, drive system
(Front-engine front-wheel drive or front-engine rear-wheel
drive, two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive), and the steering
system (manual or power steering shift). Adjusting these
elements will optimize the driving performance and steering
stability and prolong the service life of components.
Maintenance is usually recommended only for front toe
adjustment.
1. Front Toe
Front
Positive Front Toe
(Wheel Inward)
Rear
Zero Front Toe
(Wheel Parallel)
Front
Rear
Negative Front Toe
(Wheel Outward)
FE04-1012b
Front toe is used to measure wheel rotation, or deviation from
the vehicle centerline. Another way to understand the front toe
is that two front wheels distance relative to the same vehicle
rear wheels distance. If all the wheels are completely parallel,
then these two measurements should be equal and the front
toe should be zero. If the front wheels tilt inward, the front toe
is positive. When the front wheels tilt outward, the front toe is
negative. Positive and the negative front toes are usually
referred to as the front wheel toe-in and front wheel toe-out.
Front toe function is to compensate for tire drag due to camber
and road surface resistance caused the inward or outward
rolling trend to keep the vehicle straight ahead.
2. Camber
Positive Camber
Vertical
Reference Line
Positive
Camber
Zero
Camber
Concave
Negative Camber
Vertical Reference Line
Convex
FE04-1013b
4-58
Wheels and Tires
Suspension System
EC718/EC718RV EC715/EC715RV 10/2009
Содержание EC715 2009
Страница 4: ......
Страница 312: ...2 3 4 5 Fuel Injectors FE02 2022b 2 230 Fuel System JL4G18 D Engine EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 330: ...Next Step 10 End 2 248 Fuel System JL4G18 D Engine EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 516: ...2 7 4 3 Front Muffler Assembly FE02 2032b 2 434 Exhaust System JL4G18 D Engine EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 517: ...2 7 4 4 Rear Muffler Assembly FE02 2033b Engine Exhaust System JL4G18 D 2 435 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 519: ...2 7 4 6 Front Muffler Heat Shield FE02 2034b Engine Exhaust System JL4G18 D 2 437 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1164: ......
Страница 1257: ...Next Step 9 System normal Brake System ABS TCS EBD ESP 6 93 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1278: ...6 7 8 Special Tools and Equipment 6 7 8 1 Trigger Tool FE06 1007b 6 114 TPMS Brake System EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1412: ...9 2 6 4 Warning lamp Always On Schematic 9 14 Airbag System Safety Protection Device EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1703: ...Rear Wiper Motor Hatchback FE11 2009c Body Electric Wipers Washers System 11 219 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1704: ...Washer Fluid Tank Sedan FE11 2010b 11 220 Wipers Washers System Body Electric EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1705: ...Washer Fluid Tank Hatchback FE11 2010c Body Electric Wipers Washers System 11 221 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1706: ...Rear Washer Nozzle Hatchback FE11 2011c 11 222 Wipers Washers System Body Electric EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1734: ...Next Step 13 System normal 11 250 Wipers Washers System Body Electric EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1860: ...BCM FE11 0803b 11 376 Remote Anti theft System Body Electric EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1951: ...Reverse Radar Control Module FE11 1207b Body Electric Reverse Radar 11 467 EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 1954: ...16 R Control Module Power Supply Gear In Reverse 12 V 11 470 Reverse Radar Body Electric EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...
Страница 2008: ......
Страница 2104: ...FE12 0085c 2 Install the hatchback seal 12 96 Interior Trim Body Sheet Metal and Painting EC718 EC718RV EC715 EC715RV 10 2009 ...