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2. Limitations
2.1 Introduction
This chapter contains operational limitations and parameters of the airplane and engine.
2.2 Airspeed indicator markings
The airspeed indicator is color coded to emphasize important airspeed limitations.
Green Arc: Normal Operating Range
78km/h – 240 km/h
The green arc shows the normal operating range of the airplane. The speed at the bottom of
the green arc, abbreviated Vs, is the stall speed with the flaps and landing gear retracted,
power at idle, and the airplane at maximum gross weight. The top of the green arc shows the
high end of the normal operating range, the maximum structural cruising speed, abbreviated
Vno.
Yellow Arc: Caution Range
240 km/h – 270 km/h
The yellow arc represents the caution range—speeds appropriate only in smooth air. The top
of the yellow arc coincides with Vne, the never-exceed speed of the airplane.
White Arc: Flap Operating Range
65 km/h – 120 km/h
The white arc shows the range of speeds in which it's safe to extend full flaps. The upper limit
of the white arc is called Vfe, maximum flap extended speed. Extending the flaps at higher
speeds could cause their structural damage. The lower limit of the white arc, abbreviated
Vso, is the stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at maximum gross weight with the
flaps and landing gear in the landing position.
Red Line: Never-Exceed Speed
270 km/h
A red line near the top of the airspeed range marks Vne. Exceeding this speed even in
smooth air could damage the airplane structure.
Flight Manual Page 11 of 40
