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Thermographic measurement techniques

16.2.1.1.1

Method 1: Direct method

Follow this procedure:

1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection

angle (a = b).

Figure 16.1

1 = Reflection source

2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a

piece if cardboard.

Figure 16.2

1 = Reflection source

#T810204; r. AA/43079/43091; en-US

Содержание X6570sc series

Страница 1: ...User s manual FLIR X6570sc series...

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Страница 3: ...User s manual FLIR X6570sc series T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US iii...

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Страница 5: ...5 Introduction 9 5 1 Camera system components 9 5 2 System overview 9 5 2 1 View from the front M80 mount 10 5 2 2 View from the rear 10 5 2 3 Back panel 11 5 3 Key features 12 6 Installing the camera...

Страница 6: ...correction process 34 8 1 4 One point correction offset correction 35 8 2 Temperature calibration 35 8 2 1 Hypercal 35 8 2 2 Auto exposure 35 8 3 Bad pixel replacement 36 8 3 1 General 36 8 4 Camera f...

Страница 7: ...ing the emissivity of a sample 68 16 3 Reflected apparent temperature 72 16 4 Distance 72 16 5 Relative humidity 72 16 6 Other parameters 72 17 About calibration 73 17 1 Introduction 73 17 2 Definitio...

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Страница 9: ...n the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be fur ther used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems...

Страница 10: ...001707787 001776519 001954074 002021543 002021543 0002 002058180 002249953 002531178 002816785 002816793 011200326 014347553 057692 061609 07002405 100414275 101796816 101796817 101796818 102334141 1...

Страница 11: ...Disclaimers 1 1 8 3 Fonts DejaVu http dejavu fonts org wiki License Retrieved May 27 2015 T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 3...

Страница 12: ...Infra red lens page 60 for lens cleaning Operating the camera outside of the specified input voltage range or the specified op erating temperature range can cause permanent damage Do not image extrem...

Страница 13: ...ance with existing regulations for electronic waste Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details 3 5 Training To read about infrared training visit http www infraredtraining com ht...

Страница 14: ...pply to your particular camera model 3 8 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English te...

Страница 15: ...want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communication protocol or method between the camera and your device f...

Страница 16: ...software Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software User documentation for current obsolete and historical products Mechanical drawings in dxf and pdf format Cad data models in stp format Ap...

Страница 17: ...ync yellow colored 50 coaxial cable for triggering orange colored 50 coaxial cable for lock in green colored 75 coaxial cable for general purposes blue colored LCD extender cable with right angle USB...

Страница 18: ...1 View from the front M80 mount 1 Wi Fi antenna 2 Global status LED 3 Lens M80 interface 5 2 2 View from the rear Figure 5 2 View from the rear 1 Removable touch screen LCD 2 External cooling intake 3...

Страница 19: ...utton 2 Status LED 3 Infrared remote sensor 4 Sync In 5 Sync Out 6 Power In 7 Lock in In 8 General purpose IO 9 Trigger In 10 Auxiliary port 11 GigE Vision 12 Camera Link Base 13 Camera Link Medium 14...

Страница 20: ...ble for instant selection with a single command These presets can be used in Dynamic Range Extension DRX mode al so called superframing which allows the acquisition of thermal data from up to four use...

Страница 21: ...on of standard and user defined color palettes or grayscale for DVI video Configuration management Save your camera configuration to the SD card e g when loaning your camera to your colleague To use a...

Страница 22: ...holes 3 Camera left side M5 mounting holes 6 2 Powering the camera 6 2 1 Power supply The camera is powered through the red power connector 6 in Figure 5 3 Camera back panel description page 11 on the...

Страница 23: ...anel are green 2 in Figure 5 3 Camera back panel description page 11 6 3 Adjusting the field of view Once the camera is installed and operating its field of view is adjusted to suit the thermal scene...

Страница 24: ...camera and used remotely when the camera is mounted in a hard to reach location Note The camera can still be operated without the LCD screen connected The LCD screen can be detached and attached whil...

Страница 25: ...locked in the ResearchIR Max camera user interface see section 6 4 8 Advanced camera controls page 24 6 3 2 Lens A large range of lenses is available for the FLIR X6570sc The lenses feature a profess...

Страница 26: ...the camera focus Note Do not touch the lens surface when you adjust the camera focus If this happens clean the lens according to the instructions in section 12 1 2 Infrared lens page 60 Camera focus...

Страница 27: ...ould always be set to Base for the FLIR X6570sc Note Various connector notations can be found for Camera Link medium frame grabbers 0 1 1 2 A B Make sure to connect camera connector 1 to the first por...

Страница 28: ...Camera Link 3 Click the Connect button to activate the camera connection Once connected the camera control interface is populated with the camera parameters and the live image is displayed on the cur...

Страница 29: ...6 4 4 1 General A measurement configuration is a combination of optical setup lens and spectral filter integration mode setting and Camera Link setting The measurement configurations available in the...

Страница 30: ...that can be measured for a given integration time 1 Integration time for the range Double click on the integration time to manually enter a value The range is indicated in red and will be applied to t...

Страница 31: ...eral The frame rate is the number of images taken by the camera per second Achievable frame rates are based on the camera settings the camera overhead and the integration settings 6 4 7 Synchronizing...

Страница 32: ...than the maximum allowable frame rate a warning message is displayed In this case the input signal is under sampled 4 The jitter on the Sync In signal which is typically one pixel clock is displayed...

Страница 33: ...ding to the exact optical path filter lens and detector configuration If no measurement configuration is available in the camera selecting this option will have no effect For lenses with the M80 mount...

Страница 34: ...mera diagnostics Click the refresh button to update the temperature values Miscellaneous This section lists the firmware version information the model and the serial number of the camera Image Statist...

Страница 35: ...filter switch off the camera and manually rotate the wheel to place the filter to be removed in front of the detector 3 Gently insert the two pins of the filter holder tool into the corresponding hol...

Страница 36: ...you install the filter If this happens clean the filter according to the manufacturer s instructions Wear gloves or finger tips to handle the filter 7 1 4 1 General You can configure a filter holder...

Страница 37: ...s effects it is recommended that the filters are installed with the least reflective side downwards in the filter holder i e toward the detector Filters are fragile Handle them with the great care Do...

Страница 38: ...slot is defined in the camera s slot ini file and a filter s definition is stored in a text file in the camera Slot ini file is a text file containing the holder identification and the corresponding f...

Страница 39: ...ntain all the sections described below The values in each section must not be longer than the specified number of characters It may be easier to copy an existing filter file and modify it reference ma...

Страница 40: ...e camera Refer to section 6 4 4 Measurement configuration page 21 Accessing camera files exposes the camera system files Do not erase or modify files other than the configuration files CNUC files are...

Страница 41: ...ing is not in progress in ResearchIR Max Recording ResearchIR Max is currently recording an image sequence 4 Press the start stop acquisition button to start or stop the image sequence acquisition in...

Страница 42: ...two types of processes that are used to create the NUC table one point and two point 8 1 2 CNUC 8 1 2 1 General CNUC is a proprietary calibration process A camera calibrated with CNUC allows for flex...

Страница 43: ...roduces accurate meas urement within 1 C or 1 over the configured measurement range Therefore it makes the selection of the optimal measurement range for a given thermal scene an easy task Note 1 C or...

Страница 44: ...915 DL but 4915 DL Bad pixels relative to its level of root mean square RMS noise In this case the sys tem will consider a pixel as bad if the RMS noise is lower or higher than the predefined threshol...

Страница 45: ...te in ITR base mode Table 8 1 Maximum frame rate in Hz versus image size detector mode ITR base integration time 10 s Number of points Num ber of lines 640 576 512 448 384 320 256 192 160 512 233 258...

Страница 46: ...1417 1448 1481 1515 1551 1588 1627 1669 1690 8 1562 1584 1606 1629 1653 1678 1703 1729 1742 1 1716 1726 1735 1745 1755 1765 1775 1785 1790 Table 8 3 Maximum frame rate in Hz versus image size detecto...

Страница 47: ...ra synchronization The FLIR X6570sc can be synchronized to an external signal The synchronization ap plies to the timing of an individual frame The camera features a Sync In connector 4 in Figure 5 3...

Страница 48: ...R mode 8 7 1 Sync In 8 7 1 1 General The Sync In signal is supplied to the camera by connector 4 in Figure 5 3 Camera back panel description page 11 The minimum pulse width is 300 ns The Sync In setup...

Страница 49: ...s incorrect Blinking green Signal detected LED is blinking at the signal frequency Signal voltage is correct Blinking orange Signal detected LED is blinking at the signal frequency Signal voltage is i...

Страница 50: ...l at the start of integration is added to the frame header sent to the recording software T is a jitter of one frame period maximum The Trigger In signal must be at least one frame period long All fra...

Страница 51: ...thermography to improve the sensitivity of the camera and to extract from the thermal signal the thermal effects corresponding to an ex ternal excitation in the object under evaluation The FLIR X6570s...

Страница 52: ...onnector colored blue on the back panel of the camera 8 in Figure 5 3 Camera back panel description page 11 The value of the signal is digitalized during the integration of the infrared image and em b...

Страница 53: ...ad hoc WLAN network This connection allows control of image acquisi tion in ResearchIR Max from the camera same functions as on the LCD screen 9 1 2 Procedure Follow the procedure below to set up the...

Страница 54: ...or that is used to access to the camera s internal file system Once connected the connection allows Access to the camera memory to upload configuration and CNUC files Access to the camera registry wit...

Страница 55: ...the driver you need to configure the network interface see section 9 2 3 Configuration of the network interface page 51 Note The connection type to the camera is RDNIS over a USB connection The follow...

Страница 56: ...g driver 9 2 2 2 1 General When the USB driver has already been installed follow the procedure below to update the driver 9 2 2 2 2 Procedure 1 Disable the Ethernet connection between the camera and t...

Страница 57: ...Interfaces 9 6 Select Browse my computer for driver software 7 Select Let me pick from a list of device on my computer 8 Click the Have Disk button T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 49...

Страница 58: ...ct Driver X8400sc X6500sc USB and click the Next button 11 Click Install this driver software anyway The driver is now installing If the installation does not progress correctly try unplugging the USB...

Страница 59: ...the procedure in section 9 2 3 Configu ration of the network interface page 51 9 2 3 Configuration of the network interface 9 2 3 1 Procedure 1 Go to Network Connections open the Control Panel click...

Страница 60: ...Interfaces 9 2 Right click on the FLIR X8400sc X6500sc connection and click Properties then se lect Internet Protocol V4 and click the Properties button T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 52...

Страница 61: ...ted to the computer using the USB cable The USB drivers must be correctly installed When the camera is connected to the computer with the USB cable the Ethernet con nection to the camera must be disab...

Страница 62: ...Interfaces 9 2 Set the LAN Manager authentication level to Send LM NTLM responses T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 54...

Страница 63: ...Mechanical drawings 10 See next page T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 55...

Страница 64: ...000 g 5 X6580sc 52 24 mm 2 057 in 4850 g 5 X8400sc 58 86 mm 2 317 in 5100 g 5 Sheet Drawing No Size Check Drawn by Denomination A3 2 2 T130229 X6 X8xxx Basic dimension FRGU 2017 02 07 R D Instruments...

Страница 65: ...or notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 11 2 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to trans...

Страница 66: ...r type Closed cycle rotary Stirling cooler Cooling temperature 80 K Operability 99 Mechanical environmental Dimensions L W H without lens 233 mm 150 mm 178 mm 9 17 in 5 91 in 7 01 in without LCD 233 m...

Страница 67: ...5 ns SYNC IN active edge Falling or rising edge Analog signals 1 x 0 10 V BNC TRIGGER IN TTL singled ended BNC 300 ns pulse width Video output DVI 1080p30 Waveform generator Sinus triangle square TTL...

Страница 68: ...If you use a lens cleaning cloth it must be dry Do not use a lens cleaning cloth with the liquids that are given in section 12 1 2 1 above These liquids can cause material on the lens cleaning cloth...

Страница 69: ...FLIR Systems microcooler is equipped with a closed loop speed regulator which adjusts the cooler motor speed to regulate the detector temperature Typically the cooler runs at maximum speed for 7 10 mi...

Страница 70: ...may be required to correct the interference 13 3 For the Canadian market Industry Canada Notice This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian standard ICES 003 Note d industrie Canada Cet app...

Страница 71: ...nologies Extech Instruments 2007 Ifara Tecnolog as 2008 Salvador Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 2...

Страница 72: ...The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists en sures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your in frared camera 14 1 More than just an infrared camera...

Страница 73: ...at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send you...

Страница 74: ...nal sources Heat thermal energy that is transferred between two objects sys tems due to their difference in temperature Heat transfer rate9 The heat transfer rate under steady state conditions is di r...

Страница 75: ...small objects or details Temperature measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms that make up the substance Thermal energy total kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the...

Страница 76: ...ject and the camera The relative humidity Temperature of the atmosphere 16 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much r...

Страница 77: ...Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 16 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructi...

Страница 78: ...thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature because a thermocouple measures temperature but apparent temperatrure is radiation intensity 16 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this pro...

Страница 79: ...Span for best image brightness and contrast 7 Set emissivity to that of the tape usually 0 97 8 Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions Isotherm helps you...

Страница 80: ...is detected by the camera 16 5 Relative humidity The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the rela...

Страница 81: ...lishes the relation between emitted radiation the quantity value and the electrical output signal the indication This first step of the calibration procedure consists of obtaining a homo geneous or un...

Страница 82: ...rs All FLIR Systems cameras are drift compensated when they are first delivered to the customer and when they are recalibrated by FLIR Systems serv ice departments 17 5 Calibration verification and ad...

Страница 83: ...al situation they should all give the same output sig nal However each individual element has its own response so the output is not uniform This deviation from the ideal result is calculated and used...

Страница 84: ...well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in th...

Страница 85: ...Cl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optica...

Страница 86: ...dance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive...

Страница 87: ...at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into...

Страница 88: ...temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempe...

Страница 89: ...19 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 m 2 Wavelength m 19 3 2 Wien s displacement law By...

Страница 90: ...t each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 m 2 Wavelength m 19 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from 0 to we obtain the tot...

Страница 91: ...mitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance the ratio of the spect...

Страница 92: ...i al i e a perfect mirror we have For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperatur...

Страница 93: ...diation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker a...

Страница 94: ...us at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sour...

Страница 95: ...ation 3 for Uobj Equation 4 This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 20 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera outp...

Страница 96: ...are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mit...

Страница 97: ...f radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters 0 88 Trefl...

Страница 98: ...Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 hman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999...

Страница 99: ...0 05 4 Aluminum polished sheet 100 T 0 05 2 Aluminum rough surface 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum roughened 27 10 m 0 18 3 Aluminum roughened 27 3 m 0 28 3 Aluminum sheet 4 samples differently scratche...

Страница 100: ...ick firebrick 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick fireclay 1000 T 0 75 1 Brick fireclay 1200 T 0 59 1 Brick fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plastered 20 T 0 94 1 Brick red common 20 T 0 9...

Страница 101: ...olished 34 T 0 006 4 Copper molten 1100 1300 T 0 13 0 15 1 Copper oxidized 50 T 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized to blackness T 0 88 1 Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 2 Co...

Страница 102: ...teel electrolytic care fully polished 175 225 T 0 05 0 06 1 Iron and steel freshly worked with emery 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 T 0 55 0 61 1 Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet...

Страница 103: ...idized 100 T 0 64 2 Iron cast oxidized 260 T 0 66 4 Iron cast oxidized 38 T 0 63 4 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 1 Iro...

Страница 104: ...W 0 94 7 Nextel Velvet 811 21 Black Flat black 60 150 LW 0 97 10 and 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0...

Страница 105: ...Paint Aluminum vari ous ages 50 100 T 0 27 0 67 1 Paint cadmium yellow T 0 28 0 33 1 Paint chrome green T 0 65 0 70 1 Paint cobalt blue T 0 7 0 8 1 Paint oil 17 SW 0 87 5 Paint oil based aver age of 1...

Страница 106: ...C plastic floor dull structured 70 LW 0 93 9 Platinum 100 T 0 05 4 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 4 Platinum 17 T 0 016 4 Platinum 22 T 0 03 4 Platinum 260 T 0 06 4 Platinum 538...

Страница 107: ...16 2 Stainless steel type 18 8 oxi dized at 800 C 60 T 0 85 2 Stucco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 T...

Страница 108: ...0 8 1 Water snow 10 T 0 85 2 Wood 17 SW 0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 SW 0 67 0 75 9 Wood pine 4 different samples 70 LW 0 81 0 89 9 Wood planed 2...

Страница 109: ...T810204 r AA 43079 43091 en US 101...

Страница 110: ...017 05 22 T505469 xml en US 39689 2017 01 25 T505013 xml en US 39689 2017 01 25 T506071 xml en US 43030 2017 06 07 T506072 xml en US 43030 2017 06 07 T506074 xml en US 42938 2017 05 30 T506077 xml en...

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Страница 112: ...support flir com Copyright 2017 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market cons...

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