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Thermographic measurement techniques

20

20.2.1.1.1

Method 1: Direct method

Follow this procedure:

1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection

angle (a = b).

Figure 20.1

1 = Reflection source

2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a

piece if cardboard.

Figure 20.2

1 = Reflection source

#T559900; r. AB/35735/35735; en-US

54

Содержание G300 pt Series

Страница 1: ...User s manual FLIR G300 pt ...

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Страница 3: ...User s manual FLIR G300 pt T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US iii ...

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Страница 5: ... Explanation 9 8 Quick start guide 10 9 Installation 11 9 1 Installation overview 11 9 2 Installation components 11 9 3 Location considerations 11 9 4 Camera mounting 12 9 5 Prior to cutting drilling holes 13 9 6 Back cover 13 9 7 Removing the back cover 14 9 8 Connecting power 14 9 9 Video connections 15 9 10 Ethernet connection 15 9 11 Serial communications overview 15 9 12 Serial connections 15...

Страница 6: ...camera 48 18 2 Sharing our knowledge 48 18 3 Supporting our customers 48 19 Glossary 50 20 Thermographic measurement techniques 53 20 1 Introduction 53 20 2 Emissivity 53 20 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 53 20 3 Reflected apparent temperature 56 20 4 Distance 57 20 5 Relative humidity 57 20 6 Other parameters 57 21 History of infrared technology 58 22 Theory of thermography 61 22 1 Introd...

Страница 7: ...anufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the prod ucts without prior notice 1 7 Patents One or several of the following patents and or design patents may apply to the products and or features Additional pending patents and or pendi...

Страница 8: ... use a liquid The liquids can be dangerous Injury to persons can occur WARNING Applicability FLIR A3xx pt G300 pt Be careful when you lift the unit when it is not energized This can cause the parts of the unit to move freely and cause injury WARNING Applicability FLIR A3xx pt G300 pt Do not go near the unit when it is energized The unit can move suddenly and cause injury WARNING Applicability FLIR...

Страница 9: ...lective coating which is easily dam aged Damage to the infrared lens can occur CAUTION Do not use too much force to clean the infrared lens This can cause damage to the anti reflective coating CAUTION Applicability Cameras with an automatic shutter that can be disabled Do not disable the automatic shutter in the camera for a long time period a maximum of 30 minutes is typical If you disable the sh...

Страница 10: ...ttp www infraredtraining com http www irtraining com http www irtraining eu 3 5 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical notifi cations of changes on a regular basis To access the latest manuals and notifications go to the Download tab at http support flir com It only takes a few minutes to register online In the download area you will...

Страница 11: ...s and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communication protocol or method between the camera and your device for ex ample HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire Device type PC Mac iPhone iPad Android device etc Version of any programs from FLIR Systems Full...

Страница 12: ...or your infrared camera Program updates for your PC Mac software Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software User documentation for current obsolete and historical products Mechanical drawings in dxf and pdf format Cad data models in stp format Application stories Technical datasheets Product catalogs T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 6 ...

Страница 13: ...prognosis and reporting is a highly advanced skill It requires professional knowledge of thermography and its applications and is in some countries subject to certification and legislation Consequently we strongly recommend that you seek the necessary training before car rying out inspections Please visit the following site for more information http www infraredtraining com T559900 r AB 35735 3573...

Страница 14: ...y and tilt 45 It is ideal for covering large areas The FLIR G300 pt is a multi sensor system and includes a gas imaging camera FLIR G300 a that visualizes greenhouse gas emissions or VOCs as well as a low light 36 zoom color CCD camera Key features Visualizes gas leaks in real time Scans vast or pinpointed areas continuously Remote control Precise pan tilt camera Inspects without interruption Trac...

Страница 15: ...wn positive Blue negative Green yellow earth 3 21 30 V AC DC power supply 4 Ethernet cable with an RJ45 connector 5 Ethernet switch 6 Ethernet cable with an RJ45 connector 7 PC with ThermoVision System Tools Utilities software 8 Video cable with a BNC connector T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 9 ...

Страница 16: ...factory the FLIR G300 pt series camera has an IP address of 192 168 250 116 with a netmask of 255 255 255 0 Configure a computer with anoth er IP address from this network e g 192 168 250 xxx 4 Connect the camera and the computer to the same Ethernet switch or back to back with an Ethernet crossover cable In some cases a straight Ethernet cable can be used because many computers have an auto detec...

Страница 17: ...nication The camera operates on 24 VAC 21 30 VAC 24 VAC 215 VA max with heater or 24 VDC 21 30 VDC 24 VDC 200 W max with heater In order to access the electrical connections and install the cables it is necessary to tem porarily remove the back cover of the camera housing 9 2 Installation components In addition to the items included in the cardboard box the installer will need to supply the follow...

Страница 18: ... both sides of the mounting surface are accessible Figure 9 3 FLIR G300 pt series camera mounting mm Connect and operate the camera as a bench test at ground level prior to mounting the camera in its final location Use a thread locking compound such as Loctite 242 or an equivalent with all metal to metal threaded connections Using the template supplied with the camera as a guide mark the location ...

Страница 19: ... cable diameters are used you may need to locate or fabricate the appro priate insert to fit the desired cable FLIR Systems does not provide cable gland inserts other than what is supplied with the system Insert the cables through the cable glands on the enclosure before terminating and con necting them In general the terminated connectors will not fit through the cable gland If a terminated cable...

Страница 20: ... VAC 24 VAC 215 VA max with heater or 24 VDC 21 30 VDC 24 VDC 200 W max with heater The camera itself does not have an on off switch Generally the FLIR G300 pt series camera will be connected to a circuit breaker and the circuit breaker will be used to con nect or interrupt the power supply to the camera If power is supplied to it the camera will be in one of two modes Booting Up or Powered On The...

Страница 21: ...ust be used to set the serial communication options Note The serial communications parameters for the FLIR G300 pt series camera are set or modified either via hardware DIP switch settings or via software through a web browser interface A single DIP switch SW102 9 software override determines whether the configuration comes from the hardware DIP switches or the software settings The DIP switches a...

Страница 22: ...values are 2400 4800 9600 19200 kbaud Bit 1 Bit 2 OFF OFF 2400 ON OFF 4800 OFF ON 9600 ON ON 19200 Camera control protocol This is the communication protocol selected for the system when operating over the serial port The available protocols are Pelco D and Bosch Bit 3 Bit 4 OFF OFF Pelco D ON OFF N A OFF ON Bosch ON ON N A Serial communication protocol This determines the electrical interface sel...

Страница 23: ...h the camera When the camera is turned on the video temporarily displays sys tem information including the serial number IP address Pelco address Baud rate and setting of the serial control DIP switch SW software control the default or HW hardware S N 1234567 IP Addr 192 168 250 116 PelcoD Addr 1 9600 SW 10 2 IP communications As shipped from the factory the FLIR G300 pt series camera has an IP ad...

Страница 24: ... address bar and press En ter This displays the following screen 2 Log in using user name admin and password fliradmin 3 Under Server click LAN Settings This displays the following screen 4 Under LAN Settings you can change the following parameters Host name Host name mode IP Address IP Address mode Netmask Gateway MTU T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 18 ...

Страница 25: ...lect NTP also select Time Zone below You must also set name servers See section 10 4 Setting DNS name servers page 19 for more information Custom Date Time Time zone Time Server Mode Time Server Address 10 4 Setting DNS name servers Follow this procedure 1 Open a web browser enter http 192 168 250 116 in the address bar and press En ter This displays the following screen 2 Log in using user name a...

Страница 26: ...bar click Maintenance This displays the following screen 4 Scroll down to DNS servers 5 Enter at least one name server 6 Click Save This displays a screen where you need to accept the name server change Click Accept T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 20 ...

Страница 27: ...Verifying camera operation 10 7 Click Restart Network This displays a screen where you need to accept typing in the new URL to reconnect Click Accept T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 21 ...

Страница 28: ...you use it to ensure that the wired Ethernet port is open Renew the DHCP license Make sure that the firewall is turned off when you troubleshoot Make sure that your wireless adapter is switched off If not the search for the camera might only look for a wireless connection Normally a modern computer will handle both crossed and uncrossed cable types au tomatically but for troubleshooting purposes t...

Страница 29: ... data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 12 3 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in English T559900 r AB 35735...

Страница 30: ...nting even small gas leaks quickly and efficiently and from a distance It also reduces the inspection time by allowing a broad area to be scanned rapidly and without the need to interrupt the industrial process Increased worker safety OGI allows gas leaks to be detected in a non contact mode and from a safe distance This reduces the risk of the user being exposed to invisible and potentially harmf...

Страница 31: ...ocity 45 0 1 to 30 sec max Programmable presets 128 Automatic heaters Clears window from ice Switched on at 4 C 39 F Switched off at 15 C 59 F Ethernet Ethernet Control result and image Ethernet type 100 Mbps Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type RJ 45 Ethernet communication TCP IP socket based FLIR proprietary Ethernet video streaming Two independent channels for each camera MPEG 4...

Страница 32: ...6 Physical data Weight 18 7 kg 41 2 lb Size L W H 460 467 326 mm 18 1 18 4 12 8 in Housing material Aluminum Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Printed documentation Small parts accessory kit ThermoVision System Tools Utilities CD ROM Packaging weight Packaging size 670 570 490 mm 26 4 22 4 19 3 in EAN 13 7332558008430 UPC 12 845188008789 Country of ...

Страница 33: ...inpointing even small gas leaks quickly and efficiently and from a distance It also reduces the inspection time by allowing a broad area to be scanned rapidly and without the need to interrupt the industrial process Increased worker safety OGI allows gas leaks to be detected in a non contact mode and from a safe distance This reduces the risk of the user being exposed to invisible and potentially ...

Страница 34: ...ocity 45 0 1 to 30 sec max Programmable presets 128 Automatic heaters Clears window from ice Switched on at 4 C 39 F Switched off at 15 C 59 F Ethernet Ethernet Control result and image Ethernet type 100 Mbps Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type RJ 45 Ethernet communication TCP IP socket based FLIR proprietary Ethernet video streaming Two independent channels for each camera MPEG 4...

Страница 35: ...11 ms IEC 60068 2 27 Vibration 2 g IEC 60068 2 6 Physical data Weight 18 7 kg 41 2 lb Size L W H 460 467 326 mm 18 1 18 4 12 8 in Housing material Aluminum Shipping information List of contents Infrared camera Printed documentation Small parts accessory kit ThermoVision System Tools Utilities CD ROM EAN 13 7332558008423 UPC 12 845188008772 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T911288ACC P...

Страница 36: ...ointing even small gas leaks quickly and efficiently and from a distance It also reduces the inspection time by allowing a broad area to be scanned rapidly and without the need to interrupt the industrial process Increased worker safety OGI allows gas leaks to be detected in a non contact mode and from a safe distance This reduces the risk of the user being exposed to invisible and potentially har...

Страница 37: ...ocity 45 0 1 to 30 sec max Programmable presets 128 Automatic heaters Clears window from ice Switched on at 4 C 39 F Switched off at 15 C 59 F Ethernet Ethernet Control result and image Ethernet type 100 Mbps Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type RJ 45 Ethernet communication TCP IP socket based FLIR proprietary Ethernet video streaming Two independent channels for each camera MPEG 4...

Страница 38: ...al data Weight 18 7 kg 41 2 lb Size L W H 460 467 326 mm 18 1 18 4 12 8 in Housing material Aluminum Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Printed documentation Small parts accessory kit ThermoVision System Tools Utilities CD ROM Packaging weight 23 4 kg 51 6 lb Packaging size 670 570 490 mm 26 4 22 4 19 3 in EAN 13 7332558008454 UPC 12 845188008802 Cou...

Страница 39: ...pinpointing even small gas leaks quickly and efficiently and from a distance It also reduces the inspection time by allowing a broad area to be scanned rapidly and without the need to interrupt the industrial process Increased worker safety OGI allows gas leaks to be detected in a non contact mode and from a safe distance This reduces the risk of the user being exposed to invisible and potentially...

Страница 40: ...ocity 45 0 1 to 30 sec max Programmable presets 128 Automatic heaters Clears window from ice Switched on at 4 C 39 F Switched off at 15 C 59 F Ethernet Ethernet Control result and image Ethernet type 100 Mbps Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3 Ethernet connector type RJ 45 Ethernet communication TCP IP socket based FLIR proprietary Ethernet video streaming Two independent channels for each camera MPEG 4...

Страница 41: ...11 ms IEC 60068 2 27 Vibration 2 g IEC 60068 2 6 Physical data Weight 18 7 kg 41 2 lb Size L W H 460 467 326 mm 18 1 18 4 12 8 in Housing material Aluminum Shipping information List of contents Infrared camera Printed documentation Small parts accessory kit ThermoVision System Tools Utilities CD ROM EAN 13 7332558008447 UPC 12 845188008796 Country of origin Sweden Supplies accessories T911288ACC P...

Страница 42: ...Mechanical drawings 13 T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 36 ...

Страница 43: ... Kontr Check Konstr Drawn Material Ytbehandling Surface treatment Gen tol Benämning Denomination Denna handling får ej delges annan kopieras i sin helhet eller delar utan vårt medgivande Överträdelse härav beivras med stöd av gällande lag FLIR SYSTEMS AB This document must not be communicated or copied completely or in part without our permission Any infringement will lead to legal proceedings FLI...

Страница 44: ...CE Declaration of conformity 14 T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 38 ...

Страница 45: ......

Страница 46: ...s gases This table lists the gases that FLIR Systems has tested at various concentrations within the laboratory Common name Molecular formula Structural formula 1 Pentene C5H10 Benzene C6H6 Butane C4H10 Ethane C2H6 Ethanol C2H6O Ethylbenzene C8H10 Ethylene C2H4 T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 40 ...

Страница 47: ...ctable gases 15 Common name Molecular formula Structural formula Heptane C7H16 Hexane C6H14 Isoprene C5H8 m Xylene C8H10 Methane CH4 Methanol CH4O Methyl ethyl ketone C4H8O T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 41 ...

Страница 48: ...Detectable gases 15 Common name Molecular formula Structural formula MIBK C6H10O Octane C8H18 Pentane C5H12 Propane C3H8 Propylene C3H6 Toluene C7H8 T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 42 ...

Страница 49: ...ecules is homonuclear made of two atoms such as hydrogen H2 nitrogen N2 and oxygen O2 They have the ability to tumble around their axes in addition to translational motion Figure 16 2 Two atoms Then there are complex diatomic molecules such as carbon dioxide CO2 methane CH4 sulfur hexafluoride SF6 and styrene C6H5CH CH2 these are just a few examples Figure 16 3 Carbon dioxide CO2 3 atoms per molec...

Страница 50: ...gnetic field energy of the photon to be transferred or absorbed by the molecule FLIR GF3xx series cameras take advantage of the absorbing nature of certain mole cules to visualize them in their native environments FLIR GF3xx series focal plane arrays and optical systems are specifically tuned to very narrow spectral ranges in the order of hundreds of nanometers and are therefore ultra selective On...

Страница 51: ...Why do some gases absorb infrared energy 16 Figure 16 8 Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 Strong absorption around 10 6 μm T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 45 ...

Страница 52: ...mmercial lens cleaning liquid with more than 30 isopropyl alcohol 96 ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 17 2 2 Equipment Cotton wool 17 2 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cotton wool in the liquid 2 Twist the cotton wool to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the lens one time only and discard the cotton wool WARNING Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels...

Страница 53: ... Imaging 2009 OmniTech Partners 2009 Directed Perception 2009 Raymarine 2010 ICx Technologies 2010 TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 2011 Aerius Photonics 2011 Lorex Technology 2012 Traficon 2012 MARSS 2013 DigitalOptics micro optics business 2013 DVTEL 2015 Figure 18 1 Patent documents from the early 1960s FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Bos ton MA S...

Страница 54: ... that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infra red camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera sys tems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance R D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide varie ty of l...

Страница 55: ...About FLIR Systems 18 no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 49 ...

Страница 56: ...e function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content convection Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either by gravity or another force thereby transferring heat from one place to another dual isotherm An isotherm with two color bands instead of one emissivity emissivity factor The amount of radiation comin...

Страница 57: ...vity reflected apparent temperature distance etc object signal A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object palette The set of colors used to display an IR image pixel Stands for picture element One single spot in an image radiance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and angle W m2 sr radiant power Amount of energy emitt...

Страница 58: ...bration temperature scale The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors thermogram infrared image transmission or transmit tance factor Gases and materials can be more or less transparent Transmission is the amount of IR radiation passing through them A number be tween 0 and 1 transparent isotherm An isotherm showing a linear spread of ...

Страница 59: ...bject and the camera The relative humidity Temperature of the atmosphere 20 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object compared to that from a per fect blackbody of the same temperature Normally object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approx imately ...

Страница 60: ... Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b Figure 20 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard Figure 20 2 1 Reflection source T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 54 ...

Страница 61: ...ed for two important reasons A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator 20 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this procedure 1 Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil 2 Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size ...

Страница 62: ...the temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample Spot simpler Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity 9 Write down the temperature 10 Move your measurement function to the sample surface 11 Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measurement 12 Write down the emissivity Note Avoid forced convection Look for a thermally stable surroundin...

Страница 63: ...humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the cor rect value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50 20 6 Other parameters In addition some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to com pensate for the following parameters Atmospheric temperature i e the temperature of the atmosphere bet...

Страница 64: ... well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by ac tually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensi tive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation detector he pro ceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of ...

Страница 65: ...aCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infra red optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930 s Figure 21 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors...

Страница 66: ...idance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolome ter idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter a...

Страница 67: ... the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 μm the middle infrared 3 6 μm the far infrared 6 15 μm and the extreme infrared 15 100 μm Alth...

Страница 68: ...m temperature generates black body radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in tempera ture reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments such as a FLIR Systems camera for example If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 ...

Страница 69: ...e 22 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 μm 2 Wavelength μm 22 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to λ and finding the maximum we have This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathemati cally the common observation that c...

Страница 70: ...each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 μm 2 Wavelength μm 22 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from λ 0 to λ we obtain the total radiant emittance Wb of a blackbody This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltz mann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody i...

Страница 71: ...nce all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript λ is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance αλ the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an object to that incident upon it The spectral reflectance ρλ the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an ob ject to that incident upon it The spectral transmitt...

Страница 72: ...materi al i e a perfect mirror we have For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of ε from the graybody Figure 22 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wave length 3 Blackbody 4 Selective r...

Страница 73: ...adiation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the effective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as...

Страница 74: ...t least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measure ment situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sources etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output Figure 23 1 A schematic representati...

Страница 75: ...e Equation 3 for Uobj Equation 4 This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 23 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tobj i e a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Utot Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Urefl Th...

Страница 76: ...e are actually performing extrapola tion of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Uobj by means of Equation 4 then results in Uobj 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rathe...

Страница 77: ...f radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW cam era 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmos phere radiation Fixed parameters τ 0 88 Trefl 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F T559900 r AB 35735 35735 en US 71 ...

Страница 78: ...92 xml en US AB 35735 2016 05 20 T505471 xml en US 9229 2013 10 03 T505013 xml en US 35155 2016 04 21 T505251 xml en US 15388 2014 06 18 T505088 xml en US 33363 2016 02 15 T505665 xml en US 33362 2016 02 15 T505818 xml en US 34368 2016 03 15 T505771 xml 33311 2016 02 11 T505432 xml en US 35155 2016 04 21 T505470 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505007 xml en US 35155 2016 04 21 T505004 xml en US 35155 ...

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Страница 80: ... support flir com Copyright 2016 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market considerations License procedures may apply Products described herein may be subject to US Export Regulations Please refer to exportquestions flir com with any questions ...

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