FLIR A6600 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 57 | Manualshive

Страница: 57 / 68

FLIR A6600 Скачать руководство пользователя страница 57

9 – Infrared Primer

A6600/A6650 User’s Manual

57

6.

Paljak, Pettersson: Thermography of Buildings, Swedish Building Research Institute,
Stockholm 1972.

7.

Vlcek, J: Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at l ~ 5
mm. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

8.

Kern: Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites,
Defence Documentation Center, AD 617 417.

9.

Ohman, Claes: Emittansmatningar med AGEMA E-Box. Teknisk rapport, AGEMA 1999.
(Emittance measurements using AGEMA E-Box. Technical report, AGEMA 1999.)

«
...
55
56
57
58
59
...
»

Содержание A6600

Страница 1: ...to a dual use product controlled for export by the Export Administration Regulations EAR Diversion contrary to US law is prohibited US Department of Commerce authorization is not required prior to export or transfer to foreign persons or parties unless otherwise prohibited Document Number 29360 000 Version 1 Issue Date March 11 2015 ...

Страница 2: ...A6600 A6650 User s Manual 2 FLIR Systems Inc 9 Townsend West Nashua NH 03063 Support 1 800 GO INFRA 800 464 6372 http flir custhelp com Service 1 866 FLIR 911 www flir com 2015 FLIR Systems Inc ...

Страница 3: ... 1 1 Tools Menu 12 Advanced Time Controls 13 5 1 2 Help Menu 13 5 1 3 Status Page 14 5 1 4 Setup Page 14 5 1 4 1 Setup Tab 14 5 1 4 2 Sync Tab A6650 only 16 5 1 4 2 1 Sync Mode 16 5 1 4 2 2 Sync Source 18 5 1 4 2 3 Sync Options 19 5 1 4 2 4 Sync Out 20 5 1 5 Correction Page 20 NUC Information 22 Manage NUCs 22 Load NUC Options 22 Performing a NUC 23 What is a Non Uniformity Correction NUC 25 5 1 5...

Страница 4: ...erformance Characteristics 38 7 6 Non Uniformity Correction 39 7 7 Detector FPA 39 7 8 General Characteristics 40 8 MAINTENANCE 41 8 1 Camera and Lens Cleaning 41 8 1 1 Camera Body Cables and Accessories 41 8 1 2 Lenses 41 9 INFRARED PRIMER 43 9 1 History of Infrared 43 9 2 Theory of Thermography 46 9 2 1 Introduction 46 9 2 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 46 9 2 3 Blackbody Radiation 46 Planck s L...

Страница 5: ...1 Revision History A6600 A6650 User s Manual 5 1 Revision History Version Date Initials Changes 1 03 10 2015 RM Initial Release ...

Страница 6: ...00 Laboratory calibration plate 261 0005 00 Water resistant transit case 24043 000 Documentation CD N A 2 2 System Overview The A6600 infrared camera system has been developed by FLIR Advanced Thermal Solutions ATS to meet the needs of the Automation user The camera makes use of FLIR s advanced ISC0403 4 channel readout integrated circuit ROIC mated to an Indium Antimonide InSb detector to cover t...

Страница 7: ...w sizes with frame rates up to 4kHz Presets Up to four presets and their associated parameters such as integration time frame rate and window size are available for instant selection with a single command Superframing A6650 only Up to four presets can be cycled continuously This can be used in conjunction with the Dynamic Range Extension DRX algorithm to provide a single movie with increased dynam...

Страница 8: ...NUC using the internal flag based on a change of an internal temperature sensor and or a timer Standard Lens Interface The A6600 camera uses the same bayonet mount as other SCx000 series cameras However even though the mount is the same due to differences in the opto mechanical layout lenses for the SC6000 4000 are not an optimal solution for the A6600 The SC6000 lenses will provide fairly good im...

Страница 9: ... Refer to Chapter 7 for lens cleaning Operating the camera outside of the specified input voltage range or the specified operating temperature range can cause permanent damage The camera is not completely sealed Avoid exposure to dust and moisture and replace the lens cap when not in use Do not image extremely high intensity radiation sources such as the sun lasers arc welders etc The camera is a ...

Страница 10: ...Switch LED will light when power is ON 2 Ready Light LED will turn on when camera is booted 3 Cold LED LED will light when FPA temp is 80K 4 Gigabit Ethernet RJ45 Connect to a PC for digital IR image data 5 AUX Connector A675xsc only See Section 6 1 3 4 for details 6 DC Power Input 24VDC 7 Sync Input External Frame Sync 8 Video Out NTSC or PAL selectable in camera controller ...

Страница 11: ...site video on a monitor connect the provided BNC cable from the VIDEO port to your monitor If you are powering up the camera for the first time the camera should produce a 640x480 image with Non Unifority Correction NUC bad pixel replacement enabled 4 1 3 GigE Digital Video If you have a PC data system running ResearchIR or your own custom application based on the BHP SDK or Genicam you can view t...

Страница 12: ...all configurable camera parameters They do not contain the NUC data but contain the filenames of the currently loaded NUCs These NUCs will be reloaded with the state however if the NUCs are changed deleted or renamed the state may not be able to load the NUCs 5 1 1 Tools Menu Set Camera Time to PC Time Sets the camera RTC clock to the time from the PC clock Advanced Allows user to manually set the...

Страница 13: ... the PC clock The Set button will set the camera RTC clock using the manually entered time Figure 4 1 Advanced Time Controls 5 1 2 Help Menu The About menu item shows a dialog indicating the current controller version number If the controller is connected to a camera a list will be displayed that shows all versions of software and firmware in the camera The Save button allows the user to create a ...

Страница 14: ...The Status Page gives general information about the camera state including camera type camera time integration time frame size and frame rate 5 1 4 Setup Page The Setup page allows the user to set integration time frame rate frame size and Sync source 5 1 4 1 Setup Tab ...

Страница 15: ...rol will be simply a dropdown list with the three window size options available Full A6650 There are buttons to select Full windows as well as boxes to enter other sizes Click OK to set a size The box will turn red if the size is not valid 6 Image Flipping The icons control horizontal and vertical image flipping With these controls the flipping is done in the camera so both the digital and analog ...

Страница 16: ...ed which means lower frame rates but provides a less noisy image IWR can achieve much faster frame rates with a slight increase in noise The A6650 does not require the user to explicitly choose whether to operate in ITR or IWR modes The camera will automatically select the integration mode based on the integration time frame rate and frame sync mode The A6650 supports two Frame Sync Modes Frame Sy...

Страница 17: ...e 1 Data Frame 1 Integration Frame 2 Integration Frame Sync Frame Sync Frame 2 Data Frame 3 Integration Frame Sync Frame 3 Data Frame 4 Integration Frame Sync Figure 4 3 Frame Sync Starts Integration IWR 5 1 4 2 1 1 2 Frame Sync Starts Readout FSSR Upon frame sync the camera immediately transmits the data from the previous frame The integration period is then placed to meet ROIC requirements This ...

Страница 18: ...usly 5 1 4 2 2 Sync Source The Source options page allows the user to select the source for Syncs and Triggers Sync Sources Internal The frame sync is generated internally to run at the frequency set by the user External The frame sync is generated externally through the Sync In connect on the camera rear chassis Video The frame sync is generated from the internal video encoder locking the analog ...

Страница 19: ... Options The Sync Options page allows the user to set delays and polarities for the Sync and Trigger In Sync In Delay Allows for the user to set a delay µsec for the external sync See timing diagrams below Polarity The sync is edge triggered Allows for the camera to use the rising or falling edge Trigger In Delay Allows for the user to set a delay µsec for the external trigger See timing diagrams ...

Страница 20: ...r low 5 1 5 Correction Page The Correction Tab contains all the controls needed to manage the on camera NUCs On camera NUCs are stored in two types of memory RAM memory This type of memory is used to store NUCs that will be applied to live image data There is enough RAM memory for one NUC to be loaded for each Preset This memory is volatile and is lost when then camera is turned off If a NUC was l...

Страница 21: ...o data Apply NUC to Digital output GigE CameraLink Displays all pixels marked as bad as white dots on both the analog and digital outputs When enabled the camera will automatically drop the internal flag and perform a NUC Offset Update when selected criteria are met The NUC update can be triggered on demand by a change in the internal temperature sensor or by a timer Displays a list of NUCs stored...

Страница 22: ... NUCs stored in non volatile flash memory Changes here will persists through a camera power cycle For example if you rename a NUC here and do not update the NUC loaded into RAM and the camera state the camera will not be able to reload the NUC after a power cycle Load NUC Options Typically all of the camera configuration parameters are derived from the current Camera State When the camera is power...

Страница 23: ...The option will not affect NUCs that are currently loaded into RAM only those NUCs that are subsequently loaded from Flash memory Unless a new state is saved these override settings will not be remembered after a power cycle Performing a NUC To build a NUC table using the camera electronics select the Perform Correction icon to start the NUC Wizard for the desired preset NOTE Due to differences in...

Страница 24: ...the NUC source Because the flag is not temperature controlled it can only be used for 1 point and Offset Update NUC functions External Blackbody Use an external blackbody as the NUC source Program will prompt the user to place each source in front of the camera NUC source needs to fill the entire field of view Number of frames Set the number of to average when computing NUC coefficients 16 frames ...

Страница 25: ... the NUC is poor and you want to abort click Discard NOTE It is possible for a bad pixel to fail more than one category so the total bad pixels may be less than the sum of each category Factory bad pixels are those that were determined to be bad during camera production testing What is a Non Uniformity Correction NUC Non Uniformity Correction NUC refers the process by which the camera electronics ...

Страница 26: ...ction Process A One Point Correction Process requires one uniform source which is typically in the middle of the usable range The One Point Correction replaces all gain coefficients in the NUC table with a value of one 1 as seen in Figure 4 13 The offset coefficients are computed uniquely for each pixel x NUC Table Bad Pixel Replacement Algorithm Corrected Data Uncorrected Data 1 Offset Coefficien...

Страница 27: ... when a Two Point NUC table is being used An Offset Update requires only one uniform source usually set at a temperature on the lower edge of the operational range 5 1 5 1 4 Bad Pixel Correction Within the NUC table there is an indication as to whether or not a pixel has been determined to be bad as seen in Figure 4 15 There are two methods the A6600 uses to determine bad pixels x NUC Table Bad Pi...

Страница 28: ...ermine by the One Point Correction because those tables have a value of one 1 as the gain coefficients The Twinkler test can be done on either correction process The A6600 uses two algorithms for bad pixel replacement 2 point Gradient and Nearest Neighbor The 2 point gradient algorithm is the default bad pixel correction method With this algorithm the two pairs of pixels above and below and to the...

Страница 29: ...480 30Hz interlaced color based on Palette selection Note top and bottom 16 lines are truncated when full images are displayed The Analog window can be adjusted 16 rows using the Setup Window Tab PAL 640x480 25Hz interlaced color based on Palette selection Note When camera frame size is smaller than video frame size black borders are added to maintain standard video output sizes Overlay Enables th...

Страница 30: ...ed to analog These controls don t tend to have as much effect as the controls that are applied to the digital side before the video encoder Corrected Data Uncorrected Data Mux Plateau Scalar Linear Scalar GUI Plateau P GUI Bounds Mux GUI AGC Mode Video Encoder GUI Format GUI Position GUI Brightness GUI Contrast Overlay GUI Overlay GUI NUC d Analog Video Pallete Scalar GUI Palette Figure 4 5 Analog...

Страница 31: ...ut the PE algorithm It is very aggressive It can pull detail out of very low contrast imagery It can also pull out some very low level NUC and FPA artifacts and noise if the contrast is low enough This does not necessarily mean there is a problem with the camera or NUC ...

Страница 32: ...6 Interfaces A6600 A6650 User s Manual 32 6 Interfaces 6 1 Mechanical dimensions in inches Figure 6 1 Front view of A6600 Figure 6 2 Side view of A6600 with 50mm lens ...

Страница 33: ...6 Interfaces A6600 A6650 User s Manual 33 Figure 6 1 Bottom view of A6600 ...

Страница 34: ... are Input voltage range 100 250VAC 50 60Hz Current draw 24 VDC at up to 4 0 amps input to the camera Converter dimensions 6 25 inches x 3 5 inches x 2 75 inch L x W x H Converter weight approximately 1 lb The power input pinouts are shown in Figure 6 4 Figure 6 4 A6600 Power Input Pinouts When using your own DC power supply you should take note of the following information Output voltage 24 VDC C...

Страница 35: ...lected by the user to operate as an external clock It is a rising edge LV CMOS signal 5 5V max The minimum width is 160nS 6 1 3 3 Video Composite video out BNC connector User selectable to be NTSC standard 640x480 30Hz interlaced or PAL standard 640x512 25Hz interlaced Video supports user selectable color palettes 6 1 3 4 AUX Connector A6650 only The AUX connector provides access to additional sig...

Страница 36: ...PIO IN BNC 6 INPUT Sets bits in image header Updated at 1Hz rate 7 Reserved BNC 7 8 TRIGGER BNC 8 INPUT External trigger Can be used by ResearchIR to start recording 9 Reserved BNC 9 10 SYNC IN BNC 10 INPUT Duplicate of rear panel input Do not use both at the same time 11 RS 232 TX DB9 Male OUTPUT For camera control 12 RS 232 RX DB9 Male INPUT For camera control Inputs are all LV CMOS High 2V Low ...

Страница 37: ...e with integral forced air heat exchanger Mechanical Interface 2 two 20 tripod screws 1 one 3 8 16 professional tripod screw 4 four 10 24 mount holes 7 2 Windowing Capacity Window Sizes 640x512 320x256 160x120 flexible for A6650 Windowing Step Size 16 columns 4 rows A6650 Window Offset Step Size No offset FPA centered 7 3 Acquisition Modes and Features Frame Rate Max at Full Window Max w Windowing...

Страница 38: ...d Corrected AGC Selectable DDE Plateau based equalization Linear equalization AGC Filter User controlled damping factor User controlled update rate Overlay Available on analog output Palettes Selectable Grayscale Various color palettes Zoom Analog video Auto selected x1 for 640x512 x2 for 320x256 and 160x120 window sizes Brightness and Contrast analog video User controlled to increase or decrease ...

Страница 39: ...eplacement Update Offset recalculates offset using current gain NUC Source Internal Ambient flag for 1 pt and offset update only External Any user supplied source which covers entire FOV Bad Pixel Replacement Two Point Gradient and nearest neighbor autoselected Number of NUC s 4 active NUC s in preset selectable form 100 NUCs in on board flash NUC Time 15 seconds NUC Performance 0 1 7 7 Detector F...

Страница 40: ...over Weight 5 lbs not including lens or lens cover Temperature Operating Storage 40C to 50C 55C to 80C Shock 40 g s 11 msec half sine pulse Vibration 4 3 g s RMS random vibration all three axes Humidity 95 relative humidity non condensing Altitude 0 to 10 000 feet operational 0 to 70 000 feet non operational Operating Orientation No restriction in orientation ...

Страница 41: ... is deemed necessary the methods herein are accepted industry standards and should yield good results Before you BEGIN Identify the type of optic to be cleaned Is it hard or soft material Is it coated with what How is it contaminated Particulate or film or both Set a standard of cleanliness What is clean enough Establish document a standard Know your solvent Read the MSDS See recommended solvents ...

Страница 42: ...rking from edge to edge across the optic Recommended Solvents Material Solvent Fused Silica 1 2 3 4 Zinc Selenide 1 2 4 BK 7 1 2 3 4 Zinc Sulfide 1 2 4 Optical Crown Glass 1 2 3 4 Sapphire 1 2 3 4 Zerodur 1 2 3 4 Calcium Fluoride 1 2 4 Coated Optics Magnesium Fluoride 1 2 4 Dielectric coating 1 2 3 4 Sodium Chloride Nitrogen Interference filters 3 Potassium Chloride Nitrogen Soft metallic coating ...

Страница 43: ...rvation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by actually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spect...

Страница 44: ...nd curved mirrors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remarkably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infrared optical material and remained so for th...

Страница 45: ...s and flying torpedo guidance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors...

Страница 46: ...icrowaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the longwavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They incl...

Страница 47: ... cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature generates blackbody radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments...

Страница 48: ...um at a wavelength λmax and after passing it approaches zero again at very long wavelengths The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs Figure 8 8 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 μm 2 Wavelength μm Wien s Displacement Law By differentiating Planck s form...

Страница 49: ...mperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 μm in the far infrared while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen 77 K the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm in the extreme infrared wavelengths Figure 8 10 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each...

Страница 50: ...diators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wavelength region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For example a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spectrum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 μ m and beyond 3 μm it is almost black...

Страница 51: ...guished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength A blackbody for which ελ ε 1 A graybody for which ελ ε constant less than 1 A selective radiator for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorptance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is From this we obtai...

Страница 52: ...plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the interior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part o...

Страница 53: ... a fairly true description of the real conditions What has been neglected could for instance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense radiation sources outside the field of view Such disturbances are difficult to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negligible the measurement configuration is likely t...

Страница 54: ... within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplification in order to derive a workable formula and Trefl can at least theoretically be given a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings ...

Страница 55: ...surement cases and compare the relative magnitudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixe...

Страница 56: ...s τ 0 88 Trefl 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 9 4 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and FLIR Systems own measurements Table 8 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 µm LW 8 14 µm LLW 6 5 20 µm 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference 1 Mikael A Bramson Infrared Radiation A Handbook for Applications Plenum pre...

Страница 57: ... with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at l 5 mm Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 8 Kern Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 Ohman Claes Emittansmatningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements using AGEMA E Box Technical report AGEMA 1999 ...

Страница 58: ...0 2 0 3 1 Aluminum polished 50 100 T 0 04 0 06 1 Aluminum polished sheet 100 T 0 05 2 Aluminum polished plate 100 T 0 05 4 Aluminum roughened 27 3 µm 0 28 3 Aluminum roughened 27 10 µm 0 18 3 Aluminum rough surface 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 1 Aluminum Sheet 4 samples differently scratched 70 LW 0 03 0 06 9 Aluminum Sheet 4 samples differently scratched 70 SW 0 05 0 08 9 Aluminum vacuum deposited 20 T 0 04...

Страница 59: ...ck Dinas silica refractory 1000 T 0 66 1 Brick Dinas silica unglazed rough 1000 T 0 80 1 Brick firebrick 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick Fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick fireclay 1000 T 0 75 1 Brick fireclay 1200 T 0 59 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plastered 20 T 0 94 1 Brick red common 20 T 0 93 2 Brick red rough 20 T 0 88 0 93 1 Brick refractory corundum 1000 T 0 46 1 Brick refractory magnesite 1000 ...

Страница 60: ...Rough 17 LLW 0 97 5 Concrete Walkway 5 T 0 974 8 Copper commercial burnished 20 T 0 07 1 Copper electrolytic carefully polished 80 T 0 018 1 Copper electrolytic polished 34 T 0 006 4 Copper Molten 1100 1300 T 0 13 0 15 1 Copper Oxidized 50 T 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized black 27 T 0 78 4 Copper oxidized heavily 20 T Copper oxidized to blackness T 0 88 1 Copper Polished 50 100 T 0 02 1 Copper Polished...

Страница 61: ...les 70 SW 0 95 0 97 9 Gypsum 20 T 0 8 0 9 1 Ice See Water T Iron cast Casting 50 T 0 81 1 Iron cast Ingots 1000 T 0 95 1 Iron cast Liquid 1300 T 0 28 1 Iron cast Machined 800 1000 T 0 60 0 70 1 Iron cast Oxidized 38 T 0 63 4 Iron cast Oxidized 100 T 0 64 2 Iron cast Oxidized 260 T 0 66 4 Iron cast Oxidized 538 T 0 76 4 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 1 Iron cast Polished 38 T 0 21 ...

Страница 62: ...2 Iron and steel Polished 400 1000 T 0 14 0 38 1 Iron and steel polished sheet 750 1050 T 0 52 0 56 1 Iron and steel rolled freshly 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel rolled sheet 50 T 0 56 1 Iron and steel rough plane surface 50 T 0 95 0 98 1 Iron and steel rusted heavily 17 SW 0 96 5 Iron and steel rusted red sheet 22 T 0 69 4 Iron and steel rusty red 20 T 0 69 1 Iron and steel shiny etched 150 T 0 16 1...

Страница 63: ...4 Lead red powder 100 T 0 93 1 Leather Tanned T 0 75 0 80 1 Lime T 0 3 0 4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0 07 4 Magnesium 260 T 0 13 4 Magnesium 538 T 0 18 4 Magnesium Polished 20 T 0 07 2 Magnesium powder T 0 86 1 Molybdenum 600 1000 T 0 08 0 13 1 Molybdenum 1500 2200 T 0 19 0 26 1 Molybdenum Filament 700 2500 T 0 1 0 3 1 Mortar 17 SW 0 87 5 Mortar Dry 36 SW 0 94 7 Nichrome Rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome Sandbl...

Страница 64: ...0 650 T 0 52 0 59 1 Nickel oxide 1000 1250 T 0 75 0 86 1 Oil lubricating 0 025 mm film 20 T 0 27 2 Oil lubricating 0 050 mm film 20 T 0 46 2 Oil lubricating 0 125 mm film 20 T 0 72 2 Oil lubricating film on Ni base Ni base only 20 T 0 05 2 Oil lubricating thick coating 20 T 0 82 2 Paint 8 different colors and qualities 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 Paint 8 different colors and qualities 70 SW 0 88 0 96 9 Pain...

Страница 65: ...Paper white 3 different glosses 70 SW 0 76 0 78 9 Paper white bond 20 T 0 93 2 Paper Yellow T 0 72 1 Plaster 17 SW 0 86 5 Plaster plasterboard untreated 20 SW 0 90 6 Plaster rough coat 20 T 0 91 2 Plastic glass fibre laminate printed circ board 70 LW 0 91 9 Plastic glass fibre laminate printed circ board 70 SW 0 94 9 Plastic Polyurethane isolation board 70 LW 0 55 9 Plastic Polyurethane isolation ...

Страница 66: ...n 32 T 0 98 2 Slag Boiler 0 100 T 0 97 0 93 1 Slag Boiler 200 500 T 0 89 0 78 1 Slag Boiler 600 1200 T 0 76 0 70 1 Slag Boiler 1400 1800 T 0 69 0 67 1 Snow See Water Soil Dry 20 T 0 92 2 Soil saturated with water 20 T 0 95 2 Stainless steel alloy 8 Ni 18 Cr 500 T 0 35 1 Stainless steel Rolled 700 T 0 45 1 Stainless steel Sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Stainless steel sheet polished 70 LW 0 14 9 Stainles...

Страница 67: ...sten Filament 3300 T 0 39 1 Varnish Flat 20 SW 0 93 6 Varnish on oak parquet floor 70 LW 0 90 0 93 9 Varnish on oak parquet floor 70 SW 0 90 9 Wallpaper slight pattern light gray 20 SW 0 85 6 Wallpaper slight pattern red 20 SW 0 90 6 Water Distilled 20 T 0 96 2 Water frost crystals 10 T 0 98 2 Water ice covered with heavy frost 0 T 0 98 1 Water ice smooth 10 T 0 96 2 Water ice smooth 0 T 0 97 1 Wa...

Страница 68: ... 9 Wood planed oak 70 SW 0 77 9 Wood plywood smooth dry 36 SW 0 82 7 Wood plywood untreated 20 SW 0 83 6 Wood white damp 20 T 0 7 0 8 1 Zinc oxidized at 400 C 400 T 0 11 1 Zinc oxidized surface 100 1200 T 0 50 0 60 1 Zinc Polished 200 300 T 0 04 0 05 1 Zinc Sheet 50 T 0 20 1 ...

Отзывы:

Нет отзывов