Airplane Manual FK 12 S2
FK Lightplanes
Revision 1
Limitations
page 2-4
2.8.
Maneuvers
The FK 12 is certified as an LSA / Ultralight.
Acrobatic maneuvers, including spins, bank angles greater than 60°, as well
as IFR and VFR night are prohibited.
Specific acrobatic maneuvers will be approved for the LSA version after
completion of required flight tests.
Note regarding spins:
In the light aircraft/ultralight category spinning is strictly prohibited and is not
required to demonstrate during flight test program.
Despite this all FK aircrafts have also been tested regarding their general
spin characteristics.
In general it is important to know that a spin is a very complex flight condition
and relates to many individual factors like operation weight, centre of gravity,
mass distribution, aerodynamic conditions, number of spin turns already
performed, kind of control deflections already made and so on.
For example, the spinning characteristic of the same aircraft on the same
day can differ significantly because of differences in mass distribution or dirt
on
surfaces. This can cause a “non recoverable” spin-condition!
In practice this means that flying into stalls on purpose must be avoided and
recovery procedures have to be performed immediately! Spinning any
aircraft which is not certified for this manoeuvre is extremely dangerous!
The onset of a stall is indicated to the pilot by many factors like IAS, stick
pressure, horizon level. Stalls can also be result from abrupt control
deflections/changes in angle of attack!
In strong turbulence the airspeed must be reduced below VA.
When flying off grass strips with long gras, the wheel pants must be removed
to avoid damage.
Maneuvers with zero or negative load factors must be avoided under all
conditions. These maneuvers may cause a fire due to fuel spill when using
ROTAX engines with carburetors.
2.9.
Flight Load Factors
positive
negative
Acro
+ 6g
-3g
Maximum load factor at V
A
+ 4g
- 2g
Maximum load factor at V
NE
+ 4g
- 1,5g
Maximum load factor with flaps down
+ 2g
0g
2.10.
Kind of Operation
The FK 12 is approved as LSA / Ultralight Aircraft for daytime VFR.
