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APPENDIX A |
LASER SAFETY
Laser Hazard Classifications
The intent of laser hazard classification is to provide clear distinction of the lasers’ properties and
hazards to users so appropriate protective measures can be taken. Classification is based on
the maximum output available for the intended use. Specific labeling requirements indicate that
the class of the laser as well as the emission wavelength(s) and any other applicable precau-
tionary instructions must be included on any signage. Laser classification is also used for deter-
mining requirements for medical surveillance for those individuals working with and around
lasers.
The Federal United States laser safety standard [21 CFR 1040.10], the ANSI standard [ANSI
Z136.1], as well as the international standard [EN 60825], divide lasers into five distinct hazard
categories. These classes are based upon the combination of wavelength range, power, and
emission duration, which are used to determine the level of risk and the potential to cause bio-
logical damage to the eye or skin. The definitions compiled from ANSI Z136.1 are as follows:
The Phaser 1 VEGA MB-97 Laser Cassette Printer is rated as follows:
ENCASED CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT, USING
Class 1:
Any laser, or laser system containing a laser, with wavelength ranges from Ultraviolet
through Far Infrared (180 nm – 100,000 nm +), that cannot emit laser radiation levels exceeding
Class 1 Accessible Emission Limits (AEL) as defined by ANSI Z136.1. For example, this would
compute to exposure (for an eight-hour period) for a 488-nm laser of no greater than 0.2 mW. Basi-
cally, the laser radiation level emitted by a device classified as Class 1 produces no hazard what-
soever to the user during normal operation. Presently, Class 1 lasers and laser systems are ex-
empt from all control measures. The Class 1 designation does not apply during times of mainte-
nance or service where the safety controls of the device are defeated or otherwise removed. The
Class 1 environment resumes once the device is returned to its original state with all safety devices
properly reconnected.
Class 2:
This classification applies only to continuous wave (CW) and repetitive-pulse lasers and
laser systems of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (400 – 700 nm) that exceed Class
1 levels, but do not exceed an average radiant power of 1 mW.
Class 3a:
Lasers and laser systems that have an accessible output between one and five times the
Class 1 AEL for wavelengths shorter than 400 nm or longer than 700 nm, or less than five times the
Class 2 AEL for wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm. Lasers of this class have intermediate
power ranges of 1 - 5 mW.
Class 3b: Lasers and laser systems having the power range between 5 - 500 mW
. This ap-
plies to lasers with wavelength ranges from Ultraviolet through Far Infrared (180 nm – 100,000 nm
+). These lasers or laser systems can produce a hazard if viewed directly, and may produce an eye
hazard when viewing diffuse reflections off a shiny surface at angles of less than 5 degrees from
the source, however Class 3b lasers should not produce a hazardous diffuse reflection from a mat-
te (not shiny) surface.
Class 4: Lasers and laser systems having power greater than 500 mW
. This applies to lasers
with wavelength ranges from Ultraviolet through Far Infrared (180 nm – 100,000 nm +). This class
of laser poses the greatest hazard, and any and all precautions should be taken to protect oneself
from exposure to direct or diffuse laser radiation. Direct exposure to the eye from this class of laser
can cause permanent damage. Stray beams are potential fire hazards and combustible material
should be kept out of beam paths at all times.
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