Extreme Networks Summit Summit24, Инструкция по установке и эксплуатации

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112 Summit24e3 Switch Installation and User Guide
Network Address Translation (NAT)
IP addresses. The other type of VLAN is configured as outside, which corresponds to the public
(probably Internet) IP addresses you want the inside addresses translated to. The mappings between
inside and outside IP addresses are done via rules that specify the IP subnets involved and the
algorithms used to translate the addresses.
NOTE
The NAT modes in ExtremeWare support translating traffic initiating only from inside addresses.
NAT rules are associated with a single outside VLAN. Multiple rules per outside VLAN are allowed.
The rules take effect in the order they are displayed using the
show
command. Any number of inside
VLANs can use a single outside VLAN, assuming that you have created proper rules. Similarly, a single
inside VLAN can use any number of different outside VLANs, assuming that the rules and routing are
set up properly.
Both TCP and UDP have Layer 4 port numbers ranging from 1 to 65535. These Layer 4 ports, in
combination with the IP addresses, form a unique identifier which allows hosts (as well as the NAT
switch) to distinguish between separate conversations. NAT operates by replacing the inside IP packet’s
source IP and Layer 4 port with an outside IP and Layer 4 port. The NAT switch maintains a connection
table to map the return packets on the outside VLAN back into their corresponding inside sessions.
Internet IP Addressing
When implementing NAT in an Internet environment, it is strongly recommended that you use one of
the reserved private IP address ranges for your inside IP addresses. These ranges have been reserved
specifically for networks not directly attached to the Internet. Using IP addresses within these ranges
prevents addressing conflicts with public Internet sites to which you want to connect. The ranges are as
follows:
•
10.0.0.0/8—Reserved Class A private address space
• 172.16.0.0/12—Reserved Class B private address space
•
192.168.0.0/16—Reserved Class C private address space
Configuring VLANs for NAT
You must configure each VLAN participating in NAT as either an inside or outside VLAN. To configure
a VLAN as an inside or outside VLAN, use the following command:
config nat vlan <name> [inside | outside | none]
When a VLAN is configured to be
inside
, traffic from that VLAN destined for an
outside
VLAN is
translated only if it has a matching NAT rule. Any unmatched traffic will be routed normally and not be
translated. Because all traffic destined for an
outside
VLAN runs through the central processing unit
(CPU), it cannot run at line-rate.
When a VLAN is configured to be
outside
, it routes all traffic destined for
inside
VLANs. Because the
routed traffic runs through the CPU, it cannot run at line-rate.
When a VLAN is configured to be
none
, all NAT functions are disabled and the VLAN operates
normally.