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Instruction Manual 

 

Lead Electrode

 

 

19

TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS 

 

Symptom

                

Possible Causes

         

 

Next Step

 

Out of Range            defective meter          

 

check meter with shorting strap  

Reading                                      

 

 

 

(see meter instruction manual) 

 
                         

defective electrode      

 

check electrode operation 

                                             
                         

electrodes not         

 

 

unplug electrodes and reset 

                        

plugged in properly 

 
                         

reference electrode       

 

be sure reference electrode 

                         

not filled         

 

 

is filled 

 
                         

air bubble on membrane          

remove bubble by re-dipping electrode 

 
                         

electrodes not        

 

 

put electrodes in solution 

                         

in solution            

 
 
Noisy or               

defective meter          

 

check meter with shorting strap 

Unstable Readings                            
(readings  

 

air bubble on membrane 

 

 remove bubble by re-dipping electrode 

continuously                  
or rapidly changing)  electrode exposed        

 

soak electrode in lead standard 

                         

to interferences       

 
                         

defective electrode      

 

replace electrode 

 
                         

ISA not used           

 

 

use recommended ISA 

 
                         

meter or stirrer       

 

 

ground meter or stirrer 

                         

not grounded          

 
 
Drift (reading         

samples and standards  

 

allow solutions to come to room 

slowly                 

at different temperatures        

temperature before measurement 

changing in one        
direction)          

complexing agents       

 

check section entitled 

                         

in sample                

 

 

Precipitation and Complexation

 

 
                         

incorrect reference            

 

use recommended 

                         

filling solution     

 

 

filling solution 

                       
                        

membrane dirty           

 

polish membrane; use 

                         

or oxidized            

 

 

methanol-formal dehyde solution 

 

Содержание EC-ISA-PB1-BT

Страница 1: ...EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD INSTRUCTION MANUAL LEAD ION ELECTRODE...

Страница 2: ...Lead using an ion meter 7 Low Level Lead Determination using a pH mV meter 8 Low Level Lead Determination using an ion meter 9 Titration 10 Titration of Lead 10 Titration of Sulfate 11 ELECTRODE CHAR...

Страница 3: ...nations using a pH mV meter ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED TITRATION Error Bookmark not defined Titration of Sulfide ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED Titration of Silver ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED Low Level Chl...

Страница 4: ...solution and standard preparation 2 Methanol formaldehyde solution To prepare this solution from your own laboratory stock add 3 drops of 37 formaldehyde to 1 000 ml of reagent grade methanol This sol...

Страница 5: ...l of methanol formaldehyde solution and 50 ml of distilled water Add 2 ml of ISA Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate After assuring that the meter is in the mi...

Страница 6: ...n temperature To counteract this effect place a piece of insulation material such as styrofoam sheet between the stirrer and beaker Use plastic lab ware for all low level measurements in order to mini...

Страница 7: ...ter 1 By serial dilution prepare 10 2 M 10 3 M and 10 4 M or 100 ppm and 10 ppm standards from the 0 1M or 1 000 ppm standards Prepare standards with a composition similar to the samples if the sample...

Страница 8: ...ar portion of the curve requires the use of low level procedures 6 To a clean dry 150 ml beaker add 50 ml of the sample 50 ml of methanol formaldehyde solution and 2 ml of ISA Place the beaker on the...

Страница 9: ...on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate 7 Lower the electrode tips into the solution 8 Adjust the meter to the concentration of the lead standard and fix the value in the memory...

Страница 10: ...a 150 ml plastic beaker Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate 4 Place the electrode tips in the solution Assure that the meter is in the mV mode 5 Add incremen...

Страница 11: ...low level ISA to a 150 ml plastic beaker Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate Lower the electrode tips into the solution When the reading has stabilized fix t...

Страница 12: ...lask gently to dissolve the solid Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water cap and upend the flask several times to mix the solution 2 Fill a 50 ml buret with the EDTA solution Pipet 50 ml of t...

Страница 13: ...re ideal for this titration method If the sulfate samples are more dilute the lead perchlorate titrant should be correspondingly more dilute 1 Prepare 0 01M lead perchlorate titrant by pipeting 100 ml...

Страница 14: ...m the unknown is calculated as follows Vt Mt MSO4 2 VSO4 2 where MSO4 2 concentration of sulfate ion in the unknown moles liter Vt volume of lead added at endpoint Mt lead concentration moles liter VS...

Страница 15: ...y pH adjustment to above pH 4 by the addition of NaOH Precipitation and Complexation Sulfide phosphate hydroxide and other ions precipitate insoluble lead salts The level of lead ion the level of the...

Страница 16: ...dy with one hand bring the membrane of the electrode down perpendicular to the paper and with a slight swirling motion gently polish the tip of the electrode against the surface of the polishing paper...

Страница 17: ...Electrode Life A lead electrode will last six months in normal laboratory use On line measurements might shorten operational lifetime to several months In time the response time will increase and the...

Страница 18: ...t interfere with the electrode s response to lead ions The reference electrode must also be considered When two solutions of different composition are brought into contact with one another liquid junc...

Страница 19: ...cted substitute another lead ion electrode that is known to be in good working order for the questionable electrode If the problem persists and you are using an electrode pair try the same routine wit...

Страница 20: ...e analysis method is clearly understood and is compatible with the sample Refer to the instruction manual again Reread sections on GENERAL PREPARATION and ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS If trouble still pe...

Страница 21: ...with shorting strap Unstable Readings readings air bubble on membrane remove bubble by re dipping electrode continuously or rapidly changing electrode exposed soak electrode in lead standard to interf...

Страница 22: ...correct scaling plot millivolts on the linear axis On but calibration of semi log paper the log axis be sure concentration curve is good numbers within each decade are increasing with increasing conce...

Страница 23: ...us solutions only no organic solvents Size 110 mm length 12 mm diameter 1 m cable length Storage Store in lead solution ORDERING INFORMATION CODE NO DESCRIPTION EC PB 03 Lead Ion Electrode epoxy body...

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