EUTECH INSTRUMENTS AMMONIA GAS Скачать руководство пользователя страница 4 | Manualshive

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EUTECH INSTRUMENTS AMMONIA GAS Скачать руководство пользователя страница 4

Instruction Manual

Ammonia Gas-sensing Electrode

4

3.

Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory
according to the meter manufacturer's instructions.

4.

Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and blot dry.

5.

To another 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the higher value standard and 2 ml of ISA. Place
the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Lower the electrode
tips into the solution.

6.

Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory.

7.

Read the electrode slope according to the meter manufacturer's instructions. Correct
electrode operation is indicated by a slope of 90-100%. See

TROUBLESHOOTING

section

if the slope is not within this range.

MEASUREMENT

Measuring Hints

Samples should be measured immediately after collection. Samples should be stored according to
the directions given in

Sample Storage

if immediate measurement is not possible.

The ratio of a surface area to volume in the beaker should be minimized. Beakers containing the
samples or the standard should be kept covered between measurements.

The ammonia ISA, 10M NaOH, should be added just before measurement. All samples and
standards should be at the same temperature for precise measurement. A difference of 1

o

C in

temperature will result in approximately a 2% error. All samples must be aqueous.

Always rinse the electrode with distilled water and blot dry between measurements. Use a clean,
dry tissue to prevent cross-contamination.

Constant, but not violent, stirring is necessary for accurate measurement. Magnetic stirrers can
generate sufficient heat to change solution temperature. To counteract this effect, place a piece of
insulating material, such as gauze or styrofoam, between the beaker and the magnetic stirrer.

Always check to see that the membrane is free from air bubbles after immersion into standard or
sample.

Sample Storage

Samples should be measured immediately after preparation or collection, if possible. Wait only long
enough for temperature equilibration between the sample and the electrode. If stirring a 100 ml
basic solution in a 150 ml beaker, the rate of ammonia loss at room temperature is about 50% in six
hours. The loss of C0

2

increases with increasing temperature.

If the samples cannot be measured immediately, add 0.5 ml of 1M HCl to each liter of sample to
make them slightly acidic (pH 6) and store in tightly capped vessels. Prior to measurement, add
10M NaOH to make the samples slightly basic.

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Содержание AMMONIA GAS

Страница 1: ... No EC NH3 01 Required Solutions 1 Deionized or distilled water for solution preparation 2 Eutech Ammonia Standard 0 1M NH4Cl Code No EC SCS AA1 BT To prepare this solution from your own laboratory stock half fill a one liter volumetric flask with distilled water and add 5 35 grams of reagent grade NH4Cl Swirl the flask gently to dissolve the solid Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water c...

Страница 2: ...de is shipped dry Before using unscrew the large cap See Figure 5 and remove the inner glass electrode from the outer body Fill the outer body with 2 to 3 ml of internal filling solution Place the inner glass electrode into the outer body and screw on the large cap until finger tight Place the assembled electrode in an electrode holder with a 20o angle from the vertical to avoid trapping air bubbl...

Страница 3: ... 100 ml of distilled water and 1 ml of ISA Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate After assuring that the meter is in the millivolt mode lower the electrode tip into the solution Remove air bubbles by redipping probe 2 Using a pipet add 1 ml of 0 1M or 1 000 ppm standard into the solution When the reading has stabilized record the mV value 3 Using a pipet add ...

Страница 4: ...ld be added just before measurement All samples and standards should be at the same temperature for precise measurement A difference of 1o C in temperature will result in approximately a 2 error All samples must be aqueous Always rinse the electrode with distilled water and blot dry between measurements Use a clean dry tissue to prevent cross contamination Constant but not violent stirring is nece...

Страница 5: ... ISA for all ammonia solutions The temperature of both sample solutions and standard solutions should be the same Direct Measurement of Ammonia using a pH mV meter 1 By serial dilution prepare three standard solutions from the 0 1M or 1 000 ppm stock standard The resultant concentrations should be 10 2 M 10 3 M and 10 4 M or 1 000 100 and 10 ppm ammonia standards Add 1 ml of ISA per 100 ml of stan...

Страница 6: ...o a clean dry 150 ml beaker add 100 ml of sample and 1 ml of ISA Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate Rinse the electrodes with distilled water blot dry and lower the electrode tip into the solution When the reading has stabilized record mV reading Using the calibration curve determine sample concentration 7 The calibration should be checked every two hour...

Страница 7: ...ized read the concentration directly from the meter display 11 The calibration should be checked every 2 hours Assuming no change in ambient temperature place the electrode tip in the first ammonia standard After the reading has stabilized compare it to the original reading in step 3 above A reading differing by more than 0 5 units or a change in ambient temperature will necessitate the repetition...

Страница 8: ... Be sure to use the magnetic stirrer 6 Place 1 000 ml of the sample into a 1 000 ml beaker add 10 ml of 10M NaOH place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring After rinsing the electrodes immerse the tip in the solution When the reading has stabilized record the mV potential 7 Determine concentration from the calibration curve Prepare a new low level calibration curve on a daily basi...

Страница 9: ...operation of the ammonia electrode Most gases since they are converted to the ionic form in basic solutions do not interfere with ammonia electrode measurement The level of ions in solution can change the solubility of ammonia though ionic species cannot cross the gas permeable membrane and are not considered direct electrode interference The level of ions in sample solution and standards do not i...

Страница 10: ...iation of theoretical response with temperature The electrode response will shift and change slope with change in temperature Standards and samples should be at the same temperature A 2 error results with a 1oC temperature change for a 10 3 M solution Gases are expelled from a solution at a faster rate as the temperature increases TABLE 4 Temperature vs Values for Electrode Slope Temp oC S 0 54 20...

Страница 11: ...lectrode Storage If erratic results are obtained from accidentally leaving the electrode in air the space between the sensing element and the inside of the membrane may be dry To remedy this situation and allow new filling solution to flow into the space withdraw the glass electrode from the membrane by pulling the cable slightly For low level measurements immerse the tip of the electrode in pH 4 ...

Страница 12: ...roxide level E Eo S log OH where S is the slope of the electrode Because the hydroxide concentration is proportional to the ammonia concentration electrode response to ammonia is also Nernstian E Eo 1 S log NH3 Eo 1 represents the reference potential and is partly determined by the internal reference element which responds to the fixed level of chloride in the internal filling solution Ammonia Che...

Страница 13: ...t 25o C and X 0 1 is 9 3 an increase in ionic strength to X 1 0 yields a pH of 9 4 at 25o C TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE The goal of troubleshooting is the isolation of a problem through checking each of the system components in turn the meter the glassware the electrodes the standard and reagents the sample and the technique Meter The meter is the easiest component to eliminate as a possible cause of er...

Страница 14: ...sections below 5 Before replacing a faulty electrode review the instruction manual and be sure to Clean and rinse the electrode thoroughly Prepare the electrode properly Use proper filling solution buffer and standards Measure correctly and accurately Review TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Standards The quality of results depends greatly upon the quality of the standards ALWAYS prepare fresh standards when ...

Страница 15: ...exceeded Be sure that the analysis method is clearly understood and is compatible with the sample Refer to the instruction manual again Reread the sections GENERAL PREPARATION and ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS If trouble still persists call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd at 65 6778 6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department ...

Страница 16: ...g solution amount of internal filling solution continuously or randomly changing defective meter perform meter checkout procedure see meter instruction manual bottom cap loose ensure that bottom cap is screwed on tight enough to close gap between bottom cap and body defective inner body refer to Checking the Electrode Inner Body air bubbles on membrane remove bubbles by redipping electrode meter o...

Страница 17: ...tore electrode response Low Slope or standards contaminated prepare fresh standards No Slope or incorrectly made buffer not used use recommended buffer standard used as buffer use buffer electrode exposed hold electrode by outer body and to air for extended period pull on electrode cable internal filling solution will flow under membrane and restore electrode response membrane failure replace memb...

Страница 18: ...onia electrode If the electrode is dry soak the glass tip of the inner body in Eutech Ammonia Electrode Filling Solution Code No EC RE 032 for at least two hours Rinse the electrode thoroughly with distilled water Put 100 ml of pH 7 buffer 0 1M NaCl added in a 150 ml beaker Place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring Immerse the tip of the inner body in the solution so that the ref...

Страница 19: ...ge Store electrodes in 0 1M NH4Cl ORDERING INFORMATION CODE NO DESCRIPTION EC NH3 01 Ammonia Gas Sensing Electrode EC MIS AM Ammonia Membrane Kit bag of 20 membranes and spare o ring EC SCS AA1 BT Ammonia Standard 0 1M NH4Cl EC SCS AA2 BT Nitrogen Standard 1 000 ppm NH3 as N EC SCS AA3 BT Nitrogen Standard 100 ppm NH3 as N EC ISA AA1 BT Ammonia Ionic Strength Adjuster ISA Solution 10 M NaOH EC ISA...

Страница 20: ...Measurement 5 Direct Measurement of Ammonia using a pH mV meter 5 Direct Measurement of Ammonia using an ion meter 6 Low Level Ammonia Determination using a pH mV meter 7 Ammonia Measurements in Membrane Wetting Solutions 8 ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS 9 Reproducibility 9 Interference 9 Effect of Dissolved Species 9 Complexation 10 Temperature Influences 10 Electrode Response 10 Limits of Detection 1...

Страница 21: ...Instruction Manual Ammonia Gas sensing Electrode 21 ORDERING INFORMATION 19 ...

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