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Arsi AB – Esqual
www.arsi.se

FLIGHT & OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM-1

Page 44of 54

6.7 ICING

Carburettor icing
Is possible when temperature and dew points reach critical icing conditions, so be aware of any
unusual engine sounds, power loss or drops in RPM. Pull carburettor heater on and the
following action is recommended.

a) Turn back or change altitude to obtain outside air temperature that is less conductive to

icing.

b) Open the throttle to increase engine speed and minimize ice build up on propeller

blades.

c) Plan landing at the nearest airport. With an extremely rapid ice build up, select a

suitable “OFF AIRPORT” landing site. Use a forward slip if visibility is a problem.

d) Consider a faster approach due to weight and drag of ice.
e) Land as level as possible.

6.8 STALL WITHOUT ENGINE

A stall is recognized by a slight disturbance or rumbling of the aircraft and an eventual loss or
degradation of controls.
If you persist with this situation, then the aircraft will most probably turn around the left wing
and enter a spin.
To counter the stall, keep the ailerons neutral and push the stick forward to unload the aircraft
and to reduce the angle of attack considerably clearing the stall.
Special attention must be given during the pullout in not to re-stall the aircraft with high “G”
rates.

6.9 STALL WITH ENGINE

Increasing the power during the above mentioned recovery procedure will help to clear the stall
faster.
All the rest of the procedure remains the same as in “stall without engine”.

6.10 SPIN

Spin practice is not authorized on ultra lights. The Esqual spins like a normal aircraft and
respond immediately to the normal spin recovery procedure.

6.11 LANDING WITH FLAT MAIN TIRES

a) Approach normal
b) Touchdown: good tire first, hold plane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron control.
c) Put nose wheel on ground before touch down with flat tire. Keep directional control with

rudder, aileron and brakes.

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Содержание VM-1C

Страница 1: ... VM 1 Page 1 of 54 FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1C NOTICE The information contained in this manual is to be used as guideline for the owner pilot Kit built aircraft may vary substantially therefore good judgment and discretion must be used Edition 2018 1 ...

Страница 2: ...t entirely at your own risk Any acute or long term medical conditions or the taking of any medications associated with any acute or long term condition will increase your risk of flying in this aircraft safely and may lead to you becoming incapacitated at the controls This includes the taking of any social or recreational drugs alcohol diving using an aqua lung recent blood donation cold or flu ea...

Страница 3: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 3 of 54 AMENDMENT RECORD Issue Details of change Date Auth by 1 Initial issue 2018 10 15 SA AA ...

Страница 4: ... FUEL LUBRICANT 2 5 OPERATING SPEEDS LIMITS 2 6 PROPELLER 2 7 AIRCRAFT OPERATING LIMITATIONS 2 8 RESCUE SYSTEM CHAPTER 3 PLACARDS AND MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 3 1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR RANGE MARKINGS 3 2 OPERATING LIMITATIONS MARKINGS IN THE EFIS PANEL 3 3 PASSENGER WARNING 3 4 NO INTENTIONAL SPINS 3 5 MISCELLANEOUS PLACARDS AND MARKINGS 3 6 TYPE PLACARD 3 7 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE MANU...

Страница 5: ...TIONS FOR EMERGENCY PREVENTION 6 3 AIRSPEED FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION 6 4 ENGINE FAILURES 6 5 FIRES 6 6 DITCHING 6 7 ICING 6 8 STALL WITHOUT ENGINE 6 9 STALL WITH ENGINE 6 10 SPIN 6 11 LANDING WITH FLAT MAIN TIRES CHAPTER 7 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE 7 1 TAKE OFF DISTANCE 7 2 LANDING DISTANCE 7 3 CLIMB 7 4 CRUISE SPEED 7 5 AIRCRAFT RANGE 7 6 FUEL CONSUMPTION 7 7 MAXIMUM ALTITUDE CHAPTER 8 WEIGHT AND BALANCE...

Страница 6: ...es and limitations with respect to the operation of the aircraft set out in the Flight Operation Manual for the Esqual It is the owner s responsibility to incorporate in this manual all amendments and to enter the data of incorporation and his signature on the appropriate amendment Record Sheet Operating limitations instrument markings and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the Esq...

Страница 7: ...UAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 7 of 54 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 CHARACTERISTICS 1 2 DESCRIPTION 1 3 REFUELING 1 4 HOW TO MOVE THE ESQUAL WHEN STOPPED 1 5 ANCHORING 1 6 BOARDING 1 7 CANOPY CARE 1 8 COMPOSITE GEL COAT CARE 1 9 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...

Страница 8: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 8 of 54 1 1 CHARACTERISTICS ...

Страница 9: ... are side by side The landing gear of the Esqual has a classic tricycle gear which is made of 7075 T6 aluminum grade The main gear legs are suspended in the main carry through beam together with the reinforced wing spar zone The nose gear leg is supported in the engine mount and equipped with a free swivel nose wheel The main wheels are equipped with independent hydraulic toe brakes for steering T...

Страница 10: ...next to the fuselage 1 7 CARE OF THE CANOPY The construction of the Esqual s canopy allows it to rise to the vertical position and facilitates access to the cabin Nevertheless due to its large surface there is a risk of being damaged if it is left open As it is usually windy on the airfields a wind gust could close it damaging the canopy or the cabin frame Never start the engine with the canopy op...

Страница 11: ...om the effects of radiation Thus a quick repair of any scratch or knock that has peeled the colour protection is of vital importance It is highly recommended to avoid painting the aircraft with dark colors which absorb more radiating energy After any minor crash or hard landing check for early signs of separation of the pressed fiber layers de lamination on the pieces subject to higher mechanical ...

Страница 12: ...ENGINE TYPE A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 2 2 FUEL CONSUMPTION A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 2 3 PERFORMANCE DATA A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 2 4 FUEL LUBRICANT A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 2 5 OPERATING SPEEDS LIMITS A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 2 6 PROPELLER A Duc swirl inconell 2 7 AIRCRAFT OPERATING LIMITATIONS 2 8 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 2 8 RESCUE SYSTEM ...

Страница 13: ...up to 1000 RPM above 26 Spark Plugs DCPR8E Electrode Gap 0 7 0 8 mm Generator 13 5 V 250 W DC 5500 rpm DC Output 250 W Carburetor 2 CD Fuel Filtration 0 1 mm 100 Micron maximum particle size Starting System Electric starter Cooling System Liquid cooled cylinder heads air cooled cylinder 2 2 FUEL CONSUMPTION A Rotax 912 ULS Engine At take off performance 27 0 lts h At maximum continuous performance...

Страница 14: ...TS A Rotax 912 ULS Engine Take Off Speed 5 800 rev min 5 min Maximum Continuous Speed 5 500 rev min Idle Speed Ca 1 400 rev min Oil Pressure Maximum 7 bar Attention For a short period admissible at cold start Minimum 0 8 bar 12 psi below 3 500 rev min Normal 2 0 5 0 bar 29 73 psi above 3 500 rev min Oil Temperature Maximum 130 C 266 F Minimum 50 C 120 F Normal 90 110 C 190 230 F Cylinder Head Temp...

Страница 15: ... Design Dive Speed 324 km h VB Max Speed at turbulent weather 243 km h Use the following table for the TAS IAS deviation according to the altitude so as not to exceed the VNE 2 Weights MTOW Maximum Take off weight 472 5 kg TYPE Empty Weight Ballistic chute Total Weight Rotax 912 S 277 kg 13 kg 472 50 kg Allowed manoeuvres The Esqual structure does not restrict manoeuvres but ultra lights and exper...

Страница 16: ...oss its output to provide smoothing for avionics and other services sensitive to electrical noise It also protects services from over voltage in the event of battery disconnection Only use recommended charger See battery manufacturers maintenance manual An analogue electronic voltmeter or the EFIS mounted on the instrument panel monitors the battery voltage Normal readings lie in the range 12 to 1...

Страница 17: ...matically lessen the chance of rescue It is recommended to activate the rescue system at heights greater than 200m above ground Best speed for activating the rescue system is 80 km h 1 Turn off the engine Magnetos 2 Turn off the fuel valve 3 Pull the rescue system handle hard As the cable is pulled the resistance will increase up to a maximum of 12 kg of force The handle is located on the instrume...

Страница 18: ...TER 3 PLACARDS AND MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 3 1 Airspeed indicator range markings 3 2 Operating limitations markings in the EFIS Panel 3 3 Passenger warning 3 4 NO INTENTIONAL SPINS 3 5 Miscellaneous placards and markings A Rotax 912 ULS Engine 3 6 Type placard 3 7 Minimum equipment ...

Страница 19: ...dard category airworthiness requirements is placed on the instrument panel passenger side 3 4 NO INTENTIONAL SPINS The placard NO INTENTIONAL SPINS is placed on the instrument panel passenger side 3 5 Miscellaneous placards and markings Type of fuel AVGAS MOGAS On the fuelcap Throttle Throttle control panel Choke Throttle control panel Trim Elevator Aileron Central Panel Stick Flaps 0 38 Efis Pane...

Страница 20: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 20of 54 3 7 Minimum equipment ASI ALT EFIS Engine Monitoring EFIS Compass ...

Страница 21: ...ION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 21of 54 CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE MANUALS 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 AIRFRAME MAINTENACE 4 3 ENGINE MAINTENACE 4 4 PROP MAINTENANCE 4 5 RESCUE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 4 6 FUEL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 4 7 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE ...

Страница 22: ...ration variations at various R P M c Test performance from low to full throttle flight d Establish cross wind capabilities e Stability tests for pitch roll and yaw Note test pilots should take care to sort out actual problems from perceived problems which are a result of unfamiliarity The Esqual has been designed for quick handling and maneuverability 4 2 2 First 50 and every 100 Hours after Close...

Страница 23: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 23of 54 Pedals Hydralics system Rudder wire connection ...

Страница 24: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 24of 54 Elevator hinge supports Push pull system ...

Страница 25: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 25of 54 Flap chain ...

Страница 26: ...esh The service life of MAGNUM rescue systems is 18 years for parachutes with a slider Regardless it is necessary to have the system sent for service every 6 years depending on the prescribed service interval for your particular rescue system The system must be shipped in the original shipping container which is certified for transport and sent back to the manufacturer or authorized dealer 4 6 FUE...

Страница 27: ...al DC Supply The battery Sellpower 7800 7 8 amps are located on the left side inside the cowling on the firewall Make sure to keep the battery charged and maintained properly Only use recommended charger See battery manufacturers maintenance manual An analogue or electronic voltmeter mounted on the instrument panel monitors the battery voltage Normal readings lie in the range 12 to 14 4 volts This...

Страница 28: ...OCEDURES 5 1 COCKPIT LAYOUT 5 2 PRE FLIGHT INSPECTION 5 3 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 5 4 ENGINE START 5 5 ENGINE WARM UP 5 6 TAXI 5 7 CHECK BEFORE TAKING OFF 5 8 TAKE OFF 5 9 CLIMB 5 10 CRUISE 5 11 DESCENT 5 12 APPROACH 5 13 DOWNWIND 5 14 BASE LEG 5 15 LANDING 5 16 BALKED LANDING 5 17 AFTER LANDING 5 18 NORMAL OPERATING DATA ...

Страница 29: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 29of 54 ...

Страница 30: ...ards with one hand you can push the pedals forward or backward it will allow you to adjust the pedals in flight Steering pedals control the rudder left pedal A C movement left right pedal A C movement right 18 BRAKES These are used in a conventional way Pushing them with the top of your foot downwards The brakes on the steering pedals are standard installed in the left seat Right seat brakes is an...

Страница 31: ... open It should never be used to stop the engine and under no circumstances should you take off with the choke on Maximun choke Lever completely backward Minimum choke Lever completely forward 23 STARTER Push the start button to start the engine 24 FLAPS The flaps are electrical operated The flap switches are situated on the central panel Depressing and holding the flap up switch flaps go up as lo...

Страница 32: ...Arsi AB Esqual www arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 32of 54 5 2 PRE FLIGHT INSPECTION ...

Страница 33: ...ropeller Inspect propeller status and be sure ALL switches are OFF before pulling the propeller in the right direction and listen for eventual irregularities of the engine Close cowling Secure cowling Right Wing 3 7 Wing tie down DISCONNECT Water drain 24 Before first flight of the day and before moving the aircraft check fuel in tank for WATER sediment and proper fuel Fuel quantity Check fuel tan...

Страница 34: ...ore first flight of the day and before moving the aircraft check fuel in tank for WATER sediment and proper fuel Fuel quantity Check fuel tank visually for desired level Fuel filler cap SECURE Wing surface Free of knock damage or dirt Flaps Check hinges damage and dirt Aileron Check hinges ball socket joint damage free movement and dirt Pitot tube Remove cover and check the opening Main wheel 22 C...

Страница 35: ...N Magnet 1 2 ON Propeller area FREE Starter PUSH THE START BUTTON max 3 sec Engage rpm Adjustment 2500 rpm Choke OFF Radio and Nav ON Oil Pressure CHECKED in greens within 10 sec Voltmeter CHECK 12V DC 5 5 ENGINE WARM UP Run the engine for 2 minutes at 2500 rpm afterwards increase to 3000 rpm until the oil temperature indicates 50 C If the engine does not start after three or four start attempts t...

Страница 36: ...irings and can affect the braking capacity of the plane Important It is completely FORBIDDEN to start taxiing if there is any malfunction of the brakes 5 7 CHECK BEFORE TAKING OFF 1 Brakes ON 2 Throttle 4000 RPM 3 Magnet Check CHANGE R L and both 4 Throttle IDLE 5 Flaps Extend 10 depending on the necessity At the holding point check that the engine is within the operational limits and proceed with...

Страница 37: ...d it looses speed very slowly maintaining a lot of energy Therefore it is important to plan your descent and approach well in advance To avoid shock cooling of your engine apply periodically some power on long descents Bear in mind the possibility of ice formation in the carburettor at low power settings 5 12 APPROACH Consider that most landings are usually only as good as the approach Therefore m...

Страница 38: ...flap setting and that you have to adjust power settings accordingly to avoid too pronounced descent rates In gusty wind conditions it is recommended to adapt your approach speed in regard to the value of the gust difference Make the difference between gust and steady wind velocity divide by two and add this value to your approach speed Wind 260 15 km h Gust 260 25 km h Difference 25 km h 15 km h 1...

Страница 39: ...km h Flare Level out in ground effect and retard throttle Landing 2 point landing Stick Keep elevator up and applicable aileron up into wind after landing Flaps Flaps up during roll out Brakes Apply when nose wheel on the ground 5 16 BALKED LANDING a Throttle Full open b Accelerate to safe climb speed then raise nose to climb attitude c Put the flaps up in increments with the correct speed and wat...

Страница 40: ...APTER 6 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EMERGENCY PREVENTION 6 3 AIRSPEED FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION 6 4 ENGINE FAILURES 6 5 FIRES 6 6 DITCHING 6 7 ICING 6 8 STALL WITHOUT ENGINE 6 9 STALL WITH ENGINE 6 10 SPIN 6 11 LANDING WITH FLAT MAIN TIRES ...

Страница 41: ... they show signs of wear e Keep current If you don t fly for any extended period get a checkout and some tips from a professional instructor You ll be surprised how much you will learn f Use a landing strip that matches your skill level and judgment Avoid one way and uphill strips if possible g Remember to always start your take off run at the very start of the runway If full RPM are not achieved ...

Страница 42: ... plan coming in high on your final and slipping down to your target landing on two wheels keep elevator up on touch down bring nose wheel on ground and apply brakes while keeping straight Note Use starter only when propeller stopped wind milling When propeller is wind milling then the engine might restart by putting fuel and magnetos on Keep battery on to lower flaps during the flare 6 5 Fires 1 O...

Страница 43: ...keep flames away from fuel tank and cabin and land as soon as possible 6 6 DITCHING It is a good tendency to not fly any single engine aircraft outside of gliding distance to a safe landing area New reliability in engine and higher cruising speeds has sent many pilots venturing over mountains forests cities large bodies of water and snow without consideration for emergency landings 1 Water landing...

Страница 44: ...aft and an eventual loss or degradation of controls If you persist with this situation then the aircraft will most probably turn around the left wing and enter a spin To counter the stall keep the ailerons neutral and push the stick forward to unload the aircraft and to reduce the angle of attack considerably clearing the stall Special attention must be given during the pullout in not to re stall ...

Страница 45: ...w arsi se FLIGHT OPERATION MANUAL ESQUAL VM 1 Page 45of 54 CHAPTER 7 FLIGHT PERFORMANCE 7 1 TAKE OFF DISTANCE 7 2 LANDING DISTANCE 7 3 CLIMB 7 4 CRUISE SPEED 7 5 AIRCRAFT RANGE 7 6 FUEL CONSUMPTION 7 7 MAXIMUM ALTITUDE ...

Страница 46: ...wind smooth dry and grass surface Approach speed 95 km h 60mph Touch down speed 65 km h 40 mph Landing run 100 m 350 ft Landing distance 15 m 50ft obstacle clearance 200 m 700 ft 7 3 CLIMB C Rotax 912S Maximum climb regime 140 km h 83 mph IAS 1400 fpm Best climb regime 160 km h 100 mph IAS 1100 fpm 7 4 CRUISE SPEED Rotax 912S At maximum continued revolutions 5500 rpm Maintaining altitude and level...

Страница 47: ...tention The standard fuel quantity indicators have a factory error of 10 A take off with less than 10 l of fuel in the tanks is FORBIDDEN 7 7 MAXIMUM ALTITUDE With a weight of 472 5kg Standard atmosphere ICAO the Esqual has shown its capacity to climb to 5000 m 15250 ft equipped with the Rotax 912 ULS engine Note Remember that an altitude of more than 3500 meters above sea level ASL the use of oxy...

Страница 48: ... 1C Page 48of 51 CHAPTER 8 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 8 1 EMPTY WEIGHT 8 2 REFERENCE DATUM LINE RDL AND CENTER OF CRAVITY C G LIMITS 8 3 CENTER OF GRAVITY CALCULATIONS OF AN EMPTY AIRCRAFT 8 4 HISTORY AND WEIGHTS 8 5 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 8 6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT LIST ...

Страница 49: ...ding fuel MTOW ULM Aircraft 450 472 5 kg Max allowed luggage compartment 18 kg 8 2 REFERENCE DATUM LINE RDL AND CENTER OF GRAVITY C G LIMITS The reference datum line is located on the firewall The horizontal reference line is in the center of the cockpit frame Esqual VM 1C ROTAX 912ULS Most FWD limit 794 mm AFT of RDL Most AFT limit 937 mm AFT of RDL ...

Страница 50: ... 5 Pilot 1157 X 6 Co pilot 1157 X 7 Luggage 1900 X 8 Total 9 10 Totalt torque Total weight kg CG mm 11 Calculate CG acordingly 1 Put in the values in the proper square Weight row 1 7 2 Multiply the distance with the weight Torque Put the value under torque 3 Add everything up on row 8 4 Place the total value of weight and torque on row 11 5 Divide Totalt torque with Total weight on row 11 6 The re...

Страница 51: ...1C ROTAX 912 ULS Arm mm Weight kg Moment kg mm Front wheel 258 Left wheel 1015 Right Wheel 1015 1 Pilot 1157 2 Pilot 1157 Luggage max 18 kg 1900 Fuel 1041 Total 8 4 HISTORY AND WEIGHTS Date Name Empty weight kg C G empty after datum mm Moment of empty weight Maximum useful load kg Signature ...

Страница 52: ...quipment installed by the factory consists of the following Air speed indicator Altimeter EFIS Compass Seat belts x2 Factory date plate Flight manual EFIS Eng mon instr Fuel pump 8 6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT LIST Ballistic Parachute Radio Transponder Dual brakes Accessory Arm mm Weight kg Moment kg mm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...

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