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Elektronika MK-61 Calculator Operating Instructions

Draft version 1.0 – Oct.2014

Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita ([email protected])

Calculation functions accuracy

Table 2

Function

Permissible argument values

Maximum relative

error

sin x

-99

≤ |x| ≤ 10

3*10

-7

cos x

-99

≤ |x| ≤ 10

3*10

-7

tg x

-99

≤ |x| ≤ 10

3*10

-7

arc sin x

|x| ≤ 1

3*10

-7

arc cos x

|x| ≤ 1

3*10

-7

arc tg x

|x| ≤ 9.9999999*10

|x| ≥ 1*10

-99

max

y ≠ 0; x ≠ 0

0 < x

1*10

-6

|x| < 100 ln 10

1*10

-7

|x| < 10

1*10

-7

|x| ≤ 99.999999

4*10

-7

1/x

x ≠ 0

1*10

-7

√x

0 ≤ x

1*10

-7

ln x

0 < x

4*10

-7

lg x

0 < x

4*10

-7



H.M

-1*10

-99

≤ |x| < -0.06

1*10

-7



H.M

-0.06 < x ≤ 9,9999999*10

1*10

-7



H.M.S

-1*10

-99

≤ |x| < -0.06

1*10

-7



H.M.S

-0.06 < x ≤ 9,9999999*10

1*10

-7

Содержание MK 61

Страница 1: ... ELEKTRONIKA MK 61 M I C R O C A L C U L A T O R OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING AND STATISTICS CALCULATIONS ...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ... on the key caps 10 5 2 Additional symbols for shifted keys 12 5 3 Additional register indirect commands 14 6 Entering Data and Displaying Results 15 7 Modes of Operation and Features 16 RUN Mode 16 The Register Stack 17 BCD system and Boolean Operations 19 Programming Mode 21 Debugging 22 Indirect addressing revisited 23 Loop control 23 8 Calculation functions accuracy 24 9 Technical data 25 Aver...

Страница 4: ...endix 2 Command Codes 35 17 Appendix 3 Program Examples 36 Calculating the area of a circle 36 Using unconditional indirect branching GTO i K БП 37 Using conditional indirect branching x 0 i K x 0 38 Looping calculations using commands such as DSNZ0 F L0 40 Looping calculations using indirect load RCL i K П Х 42 18 Appendix 4 Warranty Card 43 19 Appendix 5 Tear off Vouchers 45 ...

Страница 5: ...ussian tone For example a calculator is designated as micro calculator and sometimes it is referred by its nick name as MK Whenever possible the original Cyrillic keyboard symbols are retained thru this book They are written between parentheses just after the equivalent Latin symbols Concerning the decimal separator symbol despite the comma being used as decimal separator in the original Russian g...

Страница 6: ...tenance vouchers and register the number and date of issue 1 4 Vouchers for repair are taken by the representative maintenance organization only after the remedial work intervention 1 5 Before using the MK please read this instruction manual 1 6 If MK was transported in winter conditions or stored in a cold room please keep it for 4 hours at room temperature before turning it on 1 7 A self adherin...

Страница 7: ...t version 1 0 Oct 2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita jebem netcabo pt 2 Package Contents 2 1 Micro Calculator Elektronika MK 61 2 2 Instruction Manual 2 3 Power Supply D2 10M 2 4 Packaging bundle with cardboard inserts plastic bag and pouch products ...

Страница 8: ... pt 3 Safety Instructions 3 1 The power supply calculator can only be opened and repaired by qualified personnel for such procedures 3 2 Plugging the power supply to the 220VAC power grid without a calculator connected to the adapter is prohibited1 3 3 The use of rechargeable batteries is prohibited 1 See Chapters 9 and 11 for details ...

Страница 9: ... data in the 15 memory registers RG0 RG9 RGa RGe and recall them to read stored data into the stack registers Stack registers X Y Z T data rotation exchange of data between the registers X and Y clearing the X register and retrieve the previous value of register X after an operation execution thru the register X1 4 4 Perform operations requiring a single value in register X ln sin among others dou...

Страница 10: ...tronika MK 61 Calculator Operating Instructions 8 Draft version 1 0 Oct 2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita jebem netcabo pt 5 Keyboard and Switches Description Latin keyboard layout transcription ...

Страница 11: ...Elektronika MK 61 Calculator Operating Instructions 9 Draft version 1 0 Oct 2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita jebem netcabo pt Original Cyrillic keyboard layout ...

Страница 12: ...ta entry into the register X using digits 0 through 9 plus the decimal point Keys to do arithmetic operations 2 addition subtraction multiplication and division 2 This is a RPN calculator therefore it uses postfix notation where the parentheses and the equal keys are not needed To do a math operation first enter the operand s then chose the operator LED Display Angle Switch Radians Grads Degrees P...

Страница 13: ...ditional jump while the GSB ПП key indicates a call to a subroutine In RUN mode these keys step through a program In PROGRAM mode the RTN 0 В 0 key returns from a subroutine while it goes to address zero when in the RUN mode In PROGRAM mode the R S С П key is used to stop a program execution and display the register X contents In RUN mode it starts or stop a program or a loop cycle The F and K key...

Страница 14: ... the PROGRAM mode These four key combinations x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 gives direct access to the four corresponding logic conditions These four key combinations F DSNZ0 F L0 F DSNZ1 F L1 F DSNZ2 F L2 F DSNZ3 F L3 allows loop control by using conditional direct branch depending on the contents of register 0 1 2 or 3 respectively The F R combination rotates data thru the 4 stack registers From left to right...

Страница 15: ...conds and fractions of seconds From left to right The combination H H M converts from sexagesimal degrees hours minutes and fractions of a minute into decimal angular time values The combination H H M converts between decimal angular time values into sexagesimal degrees hours minutes and fractions of a minute These four key combinations are used for bitwise logical operations From left to right Mu...

Страница 16: ...able as well This key combination K STO i K Х П takes the value of register X and does an indirect store into one memory register referenced by one of the registers RG0 to RG9 and RGa to RGe 4 Suppose RG7 contents 123 we want to load stack Reg X with the RG7 contents by using indirect addressing and we chose RG0 as the pointer What is the value to assign to RG0 In this case store the value 8 into ...

Страница 17: ...t numbers 6 3 The data is introduced in the MK by pressing the appropriate keys To introduce fractional numbers first type the integer part then the decimal point and then the fractional part 6 4 When you enter a number with exponent the mantissas is introduced first and then press the key EEX ВП to enter the exponent value To change mantissa or exponent signs press the key after typing the values...

Страница 18: ... Р ГРД Г to the desired angles units 7 5 When converting time angle values the hours degrees value is separated from the value for minutes seconds and fractions of second by the decimal point For example the following time value 142 24314 Represents 142 hours 24 minutes and 31 4 seconds6 7 6 To call a pseudo random number to be displayed type in a seed number and press the keys ENTER K RND When th...

Страница 19: ...1 saves the previous register X content from being lost as a result of another operation execution In this way the result of one single number operation remains in register X and its value is shown in the MK display 7 11 To check the content register X1 press key the combination F LST x F Вх It is cleared or cancel any other operation command by using the key CX 7 RPN calculators are not created e...

Страница 20: ... the scope here but let s see a couple of examples The stack Register X is linked to the Display so its content is always visible When typing a number it is being entered into Register X There is no need to do an ENTER to execute single number operations On the above example when executing Sin 45 it first copies reg X contents into Reg X1 then calculates the Sin 45 function and the result is put b...

Страница 21: ...implemented in a BCD system so Boolean operations can be used on them The binary values for each number and respective display character are shown in Table 1 Information in registers Symbol on the display In the decimal system In the BCD system 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010 11 1011 12 1100 13 1101 14 1110 15 1111 blank Table 1 BCD system symbol displ...

Страница 22: ...ddition 8888888 OR 7770665 Keystrokes Please note an extra digit in this case with the value 1 was typed in to fill the leftmost position of each number to be evaluated by a Boolean operator The result on the vacuum fluorescent display will show a value of10 Note the digit 8 in the leftmost position of the result This is the sign of a Boolean logical operation 10 These are two numbers having 7 dig...

Страница 23: ...or direct and indirect branching indirect subroutine calls and data storing and loop controls When typing these commands in the program one should specify the branch address except for indirect branching commands which already contains the address 11 See Appendix 2 Command Codes 12 In reality step 00 is not available to store any instructions The first memory address available to store a command i...

Страница 24: ... program at address zero select the RUN mode and reset the Program Counter to zero by pressing RTN 0 В 0 and then switch to PROGRAM mode The display will show the address 00 7 24 If you want to start a program at any specific address select the RUN mode and press the key GTO БП followed by the required address and then turn into the PROGRAM mode Debugging 7 25 Debugging programs is done in RUN mod...

Страница 25: ...using the indirect load command RCL i K П Х modification occurs on the contents of addressable register and loads register X with the contents of the address that is pointed to by the modified code Loop control 7 29 Computing cycles can be implemented by using the commands DSNZ0 to DSNZ03 as referenced in the register RG0 to RG3 respectively For each loop the content of the address register is sub...

Страница 26: ...rror sin x 10 99 x 1010 3 10 7 cos x 10 99 x 1010 3 10 7 tg x 10 99 x 1010 3 10 7 arc sin x x 1 3 10 7 arc cos x x 1 3 10 7 arc tg x x 9 9999999 1099 x 1 10 99 max y 0 x 0 xy 0 x 1 10 6 ex x 100 ln 10 1 10 7 x2 x 1050 1 10 7 10x x 99 999999 4 10 7 1 x x 0 1 10 7 x 0 x 1 10 7 ln x 0 x 4 10 7 lg x 0 x 4 10 7 H H M 1 10 99 x 0 06 1 10 7 H H M 0 06 x 9 9999999 1099 1 10 7 H H M S 1 10 99 x 0 06 1 10 7...

Страница 27: ...it for Processor Display and Keyboard D2 К745ИК1303 2 K745IK1303 2 One bit Arithmetic Processor clock frequency around 100KHz D3 К745ИР2 2 K745IR2 2 Memory Registers D4 К745ИР2 2 K745IR2 2 Memory Registers D5 К745ГФ3 2 K745GF3 2 Clock Generator D6 К745ИК1306 2 K745IK1306 2 Additional MK 61 features not present on the B3 34 series The Vacuum Fluorescent Display VL1 ИЛЦ2 12 8Л ILC2 12 8L or ILZ2 12 ...

Страница 28: ... 04274 g 17 The MK 61internal power supply includes a DC DC converter circuit taking the 4 5V battery supply to generate a number of negative output supply voltages for the electronics consuming between 100mA and 130mA depending on how many digits are on The 4 5V battery Positive terminal is used as common GND ground MK 61 DC DC converter pin out Common connection pin BATT GND pin9 Connected to Gn...

Страница 29: ...acters But this is a Russian calculator where the error message can be wrongly read as Cyrillic text and then it translates to EGGOG Like MK 52 the MK 61 inherits from the Elektronika B3 34 series All are famous and one of the reasons is related to this EGGOG message as it allows hacking and exploring the EGGOG state to great extent taking advantage of undocumented features It happens that not eve...

Страница 30: ...ocedures for the most common problems Check the obvious point of failures Battery leaking oxidized or corroded battery terminals broken power supply wiring and power switch Clean it and make sure good continuity is restored Check for normal current consumption It varies from about 100mA one digit turned on to 130mA 12 digits turned on If the value is outside this threshold investigate the DC DC co...

Страница 31: ...Western 1 5V type AA LR6 Alkaline or similar battery cells can safely be used as well Use your thumb to gently press the protruding rib portion of the MK battery compartment cover and carefully slide it up Put fresh A 316 batteries into the battery compartment according to the label on the bottom of the compartment and then insert the cover into the slots and slide it into place ...

Страница 32: ...1 Use the supplied transport packaging to protect the MK from mechanical damage dust moisture and excessive climatic influences 12 2 The MK should be stored in a dry heated room at a temperature between 5 and 35 C and a relative humidity of less than 85 The MK should not be exposed to aggressive environments where substances like acids alkalis and others are present ...

Страница 33: ... period is calculated from the date of manufacture of the MK manufacturer 13 3 During the warranty period for the first and second repairs use the detachable coupons Subsequent repairs are carried out under the act 13 4 A MK without warranty card or detachable coupons as well as broken seals is not covered under the warranty service 13 5 MK exchange through sales network help repair facilities and...

Страница 34: ...P Calculation of non linear and switching devices on programmable calculators Ed Radio and Communication 1964 170 pages Дьяконов В П Расчет нелинейных и импульсных устройств на программируемых микрокалькуляторах М Радио и связь 1964 г 170 с Dyakonov V P Handbook of calculations on calculators Ed Science 1985 224 pages Дьяконов Б П Справочник по расчетам на микрокалькуляторах М Наука 1985 224 с Kro...

Страница 35: ...K Lubich F D Engineering analysis on programmable calculators Kiev Technology 1985 328 pages Трохменко Я К Любич Ф Д Инженерные расчет на программируемых микрокалькуляторах Киев Техника 1985 328 с Trohimenko Y K Lubich F D Radio engineering analysis on calculators Ed Radio and communication 1983 206 pages Трохименко Я К Любич Ф Д Радиотехнические расчеты на микрокалькуляторах М Радио и связь 1983 ...

Страница 36: ... keys Digits Lit on Display 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 ВКЛ Power ON 2 3 4 5 6 Г DEG sin 7 ГРД GRAD cos 8 Р RAD tg STO 1 9 π 10 lg STO 2 11 RCL 1 12 RCL 2 13 enter PROG mode 14 max 15 abs 16 STO 3 17 xy 18 OR 19 DSNZ3 20 21 R S 22 exit RUN mode RTN 0 23 R S Test executes in less than 5sec 24 CHS NOTE To perform the shifted functions printed in yellow or blue color you need to press the keys or to...

Страница 37: ... K x 0 c K x 0 d K x 0 e 8 K GTO 0 K GTO 1 K GTO 2 K GTO 3 K GTO 4 K GTO 5 K GTO 6 K GTO 7 K GTO 8 K GTO 9 K GTO a K GTO b K GTO c K GTO d K GTO e 9 K x 0 0 K x 0 1 K x 0 2 K x 0 3 K x 0 4 K x 0 5 K x 0 6 K x 0 7 K x 0 8 K x 0 9 K x 0 a K x 0 b K x 0 c K x 0 d K x 0 e A K GTO 0 K GTO 1 K GTO 2 K GTO 3 K GTO 4 K GTO 5 K GTO 6 K GTO 7 K GTO 8 K GTO 9 K GTO a K GTO b K GTO c K GTO d K GTO e B K STO 0...

Страница 38: ...S 08 50 Stop the program The command R S is required to stop the program and display the result otherwise the MK will execute all 105 steps of the program To calculate S for a particular value of d 4 it is necessary to perform the following operations Specific procedures to this program Store the number 4 in Reg RG2 Generic procedures to prepare any program to run While in RUN mode go to address 0...

Страница 39: ...uction GTO 4 K БП 4 at address 07 will jump to the address 08 At last Reg RGa will not change the value so the program instruction GTO a K БП a at the address 11 will jump to address 13 one address higher than specified in RGa 25 This MK behavior is bizarre This example works fine and it is presented here as written in the original Russian guide However their explanation seems to be incorrect 1 Fi...

Страница 40: ...rect branching x 0 i K x 0 Evaluate the expression This program assumes that the x value is stored in RG1 Depending on the expression result if y 0 then add the value of to the result else add the value of Address Keys Codes 01 01 02 09 03 4L 04 09 05 61 06 22 07 12 08 42 09 61 10 02 11 12 12 16 13 62 14 11 15 CL 16 61 17 1E 18 10 19 50 20 61 21 1C 22 10 23 50 Address 01 03 Store the branch addres...

Страница 41: ...Г Store the x value 4 to RG1 Reset the Program Counter by pressing RTN 0 В 0 Expected result 2836 2007 26 This example works fine and it is the original one as written in the original Russian guide However their explanation seems to be incorrect 1 Firstly it lists the instruction addresses from 00 when it is obvious that it starts at 01 2 And then it states that the conditional indirect jump takes...

Страница 42: ...bo pt Looping calculations using commands such as DSNZ0 F L0 Evaluate the expression Program flowchart Store X i into RG0 Address 01 Load Reg X from RG0 Address 02 Calculation for X i 1 4 Address 03 09 Store summation to RG5 Addresses 10 11 12 Display contents of RG5 and Stop Address 15 Decrement RG0 and compare to 0 Address 13 RG0 0 ...

Страница 43: ...do it manually Store 0 into RG5 or else we get erroneous results when running this program more than once 28 The original Russian manual lists the addresses starting from 00 which is not correct because the first usable address to store instruction codes is 01 So this example will loop forever if entered as indicated in the original Russian guide by specifying DSNZ0 01 They mean the 2 nd address w...

Страница 44: ...ate the new Summation 17 45 Store Summation in RG5 18 51 Jump to 19 01 Address 02 30 Before running the program Set angles to DEG Г type xi 4 into X Clear RG5 31 Reset with RTN 0 В 0 29 The Branch addresses are automatically incremented by one meaning that we need to specify one address less than the Target one As far as we can tell the behavior for branching instructions is Indirect addresses for...

Страница 45: ...tamp _____________________________________ Address for claims 283830 г Збараж Тэрнопольской обл з д Квантор ул Галипкого 56 To be filled by the trade company Date of sale ___________________ Seller _______________________ Format d m y Signature or stamp Store stamp _________________________________________________ Included warranty service ______________________________________ Name ______________...

Страница 46: ...Elektronika MK 61 Calculator Operating Instructions 44 Draft version 1 0 Oct 2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita jebem netcabo pt ...

Страница 47: ...e warranty period Micro Calculator Elektronika MK 61 Serial Number ____________ Date of Manufacture ________________ Quality Department stamp _____________________________________ Address for claims 283830 г Збараж Тэрнопольской обл з д Квантор ул Галипкого 56 To be filled by the trade company Date of sale ___________________ Seller _______________________ Format d m y Signature or stamp Store sta...

Страница 48: ... defects _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Repair date ___________________________________________________ Format d m y Signature of the person who performed the repairs ________________...

Страница 49: ...d Micro Calculator Elektronika MK 61 Serial Number ____________ Date of Manufacture ________________ Quality Department stamp _____________________________________ Address for claims 283830 г Збараж Тэрнопольской обл з д Квантор ул Галипкого 56 To be filled by the trade company Date of sale ___________________ Seller _______________________ Format d m y Signature or stamp Store stamp _____________...

Страница 50: ..._____________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Repair date ___________________________________________________ Format d m y Signature of the person who performed the repairs ____________________ Signature of the owner confirming the repair...

Страница 51: ...Elektronika MK 61 Calculator Operating Instructions 49 Draft version 1 0 Oct 2014 Please send corrections to Jose Mesquita jebem netcabo pt ...

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