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User’s Manual

-2-6-

RAID 5 and RAID 5+hot spare

RAID 5 uses a mathematical expression that compares data from three drives and
calculates a fourth piece of data called “parity” which is saved on a fourth drive. Should
one of the drives fail, parity data can be used to rebuild the failed data. Under RAID 5,
parity data is stored across all drives in the array. This maximizes the amount of storage
capacity available from all drives in the array while still providing data redundancy. RAID
5 requires at least three drives. The allows users to set RAID 5 with three drives and the
fourth drive as a “hot spare” ready to be used for rebuilding data in case one of the other
drives fails. This is RAID 5 +hot spare function.

RAID 5:

Independent data disks with distributed parity blocks

Characteristics: Recommended

use:

Each entire data block is written on a data

disk. Parity for blocks in the same rank is
generated on Writes, recorded in a
distributed location and checked on Reads.

Highest Read data transaction, medium

Write data transaction rate.

Relatively low ratio of ECC (Parity) disks to

data disks means high efficiency (compared
to other RAID levels).

Good aggregate transfer rate.

Storage capacity = (No. of disks – 1) ×
(capacity of smallest disk)

In RAID 5, installed drives each are 40 GB,

50 GB, 60 GB, 70 GB, the RAID capacity will
be 120 GB.

In RAID 5 + hot spare, installed 40 GB, 50

GB, 60 GB each in disk 2, 3, 4 and installed
70 GB in disk 1 as hot spare disk, the RAID
capacity will be 80 GB.

File and application

servers

Database

servers

WWW, E-mail and News

servers

Intranet

servers

Most versatile Raid level

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Содержание S4-FWTT

Страница 1: ...Disk Array System Version 1 1 IEEE 1394 USB 2 0 easyRAID S4 FWTT User Manual ...

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Страница 3: ...easyRAID S4 FWTT IEEE 1394 USB 2 0 Disk Array System User Manual ...

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Страница 5: ...le It may fall causing serious damage to the product Keep the disk array system away from magnetic forces Do not use the disk array system near water Keep the disk array system away from dust sand or dirt Gaps and openings in the cabinet are provided for venti lation Never block or cover these openings because the disk array system may overheat and become unreli able Don t place the disk array sys...

Страница 6: ...ous voltage points and cause a risk of fire or electric shock Unplug the power cord from the wall outlet before clean ing Keep the disk array system dry Do not use liquid cleaners aerosol cleaners or a wet cloth Use a damp cloth for cleaning Except as specifically explained in this User Manual do not attempt to service the disk array system by yourself Opening or removing the covers may expose you...

Страница 7: ...n that the contents are correct Information and specifications can change without notice Copyright 2006 All rights reserved This manual is protected by copyright and is distributed under a license restricting it s use copying and distribution No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of the company and its licensors if any Before s...

Страница 8: ...nterference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antennas Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circlet different from that to which the receiver i...

Страница 9: ...Preface 3 UL Listed This equipment meets UL s safety requirements CCC certificate This equipment is in conformity with the CCC S E requirement ...

Страница 10: ... important pre installation notices Chapter 3 Setting up the subsystem gives a detailed overview of the subsystem s features and guides you through the process of installing hard disk drives into Chapter 4 Setting up an array explains how to set the RAID level create an array and connect to a host computer Chapter 5 Partitioning the array tells you how partition the array in Windows Linux or Mac O...

Страница 11: ...ess will follow these steps Prepare Familiarize yourself with the features and capabilities of Chapter 1 Decide whether to set up a RAID 0 0 1 5 or 5 spare array Chapter 2 Set up Install drives in Chapter 3 Set the RAID level Chapter 4 Create Create a RAID array and connect it to a host computer Chapter 4 Partition Partition the array using the host operating system Chapter 5 ...

Страница 12: ... indicates the existence of a potential hazard that could result in personal injury damage to your equipment or loss of data if the safety instruction is not observed This icon indicates useful tips on getting the most from your subsystem Important terms commands and programs are put in Boldface font Screen text is given in screen font ...

Страница 13: ... 2 Automatic drive rebuilding 1 2 Hard drive hot swapping 1 2 Multiple host interface support 1 2 SPECIFICATIONS 1 4 Available host intefaces and transfer speeds 1 4 Disk Interface Support 1 4 RAID Function Support 1 4 Subsystem Function Support 1 4 Mechanical Environmental and Safety Specifications 1 5 Dimensions 152 8 x 206 4 x 286 5 mm 1 5 CHAPTER 2 2 1 B B BE E EF F FO O OR R RE E E Y Y YO O O...

Страница 14: ... RAID 5 spare 4 4 CREATING AN ARRAY 4 5 REMOVING REPLACING A DRIVE 4 8 What if a disk fails 4 8 Swapping drives 4 8 Removing a drive 4 9 CONNECTING TO A HOST COMPUTER 4 10 IEEE 1394 and USB host interface version 4 10 SETTING THE DISPLAY TIME DATE 4 12 CHAPTER 5 5 1 P P PA A AR R RT T TI I IT T TI I IO O ON N NI I IN N NG G G T T TH H HE E E A A AR R RR R RA A AY Y Y 5 1 PARTITIONING THE ARRAY WIN...

Страница 15: ...r model for example Western Digital Caviar 7200rpm 120G C 3 Disk information mode Capacity C 3 Error and failure messages C 3 Where the speed of failed fan is 100 rpm C 6 Disk rebuilding messages C 6 Time setting C 7 APPENDIX D D 1 U U UP P PD D DA A AT T TI I IN N NG G G F F FI I IR R RM M MW W WA A AR R RE E E D 1 ...

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Страница 17: ... suited for integration with databases e mail web servers and imaging systems This is the ultimate approach to a flexible RAID solution It can manage three different RAID levels 0 0 1 and 5 and also offers the option of RAID 5 hot spare You will find detailed explanation on the features and suggested uses of these RAID levels later in this chapter The subsystem features a user friendly drive carri...

Страница 18: ...led drive without requiring intervention from the administrator If this option is selected and a drive fails the will automatically replace the faulty drive with the hot spare drive Automatic drive rebuilding If a member drive in a RAID 5 array is replaced on line the controller will automatically start to rebuild data to the new drive Hard drive hot swapping Hot swapping allows for the removal an...

Страница 19: ...ll shut down disks automatically when temperature is over 55 o C to prevent the damage of DISK and DATA loss This manual contains the information necessary to set up each of the two available hardware configurations of the subsystem Where procedures for the configurations differ they are described separately and clearly marked ...

Страница 20: ... swappable disk z Automatic on line rebuilding Subsystem Function Support z Driverless z Plug Play z Multiple operating system support Mac OS 9 X 10 2 8 10 3 Windows NT4 0 2000 2003 XP Linux 9 0 Fedora z GUI support for system status monitoring z Support up to 2TB RAID capacity z On board 2MB buffer cache size z LCD panel for operation status display z Event notification through audible alarm or e...

Страница 21: ...configuration Two 9 pin 1394B with power connectors or one USB2 0 connector z Interface Connectors One RS 232 connector z Operation temperature 0 35 z Operation humidity 5 95 non condensing z Storage humidity 5 95 RH Non condensing z 200 W power supply 100 264V 10 47 63Hz Output 5V 10 A 12V 10 A 3 3V 5A Specifications are subject to change without notice ...

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Страница 23: ...ecklist of what should be in the product package Ö A full introduction to and comparison of RAID levels 0 0 1 and 5 Ö Important notices on the safe operation and installation of Making sure you have everything What s in the box Some vendors may ship certain components as standard while other vendors treat the same component as optional In its most basic configuration your package should include th...

Страница 24: ...IEEE 1394 A B 50 100MBps High speed USB2 0 480MBps 60MBps Package content for the two versions differ as indicated on the following page z The following cables Power cable IEEE1394a to 1394b cable Combo PKG only USB 2 0 cable Combo PKG only IEEE 1394b to 1394b cable Combo PKG only z Screws pack z Drive lock keys 2 z User Manual ...

Страница 25: ...s and is ideal for large blocks of data where speed is of importance Computer Aided Design Graphics Scientific Computing Image and Multimedia applications are all good examples If one drive in a RAID 0 array fails however the data on the whole array is lost RAID Level 0 1 combines mirroring and striping functions on a minimum of four hard disks Mirroring provides full redundancy and protects data ...

Страница 26: ...ashed RAID 0 Striped disk array without fault tolerance Characteristics Recommended use RAID 0 implements a striped disk array the data is broken down into blocks and each block is written to a separate disk drive I O performance is greatly improved by spreading the I O load across many channels and drives Fastest and most efficient array type but offers no fault tolerance Storage capacity No of d...

Страница 27: ...g Characteristics This configuration provides optimal speed and reliability Requires even number of disks minimum 4 disks Storage capacity 2 x capacity of smallest of disk If installed four drives each are 40 GB 50 GB 60 GB and 70 GB configured as RAID 0 1 the RAID capacity will be 80 GB The diagram below represents the writing of data on a RAID 0 1 array composed of four DISKS connected to the co...

Страница 28: ... hot spare function RAID 5 Independent data disks with distributed parity blocks Characteristics Recommended use Each entire data block is written on a data disk Parity for blocks in the same rank is generated on Writes recorded in a distributed location and checked on Reads Highest Read data transaction medium Write data transaction rate Relatively low ratio of ECC Parity disks to data disks mean...

Страница 29: ...S connected to the controller Parity blocks are represented by the letter P The diagram below represents the writing of data on a RAID 5 hot spare array composed of four DISKS connected to the controller Parity blocks are represented by the letter P Arrangement of data and parity blocks saved on a Level 5 hot spare RAID ...

Страница 30: ...ventilated area and in such a way that sufficient airflow is maintained across the controller chips Static electricity can damage electronic components To guard against such damage Work in a static free environment Wear a grounded anti static wrist strap Store uninstalled components in anti static bags Handle PCBs by their edges and avoid touching chips and connectors Environmental requirements Te...

Страница 31: ... carriers Ö Install the drive carriers in Familiarizing yourself with The subsystem is available in one hardware configurations with the following host interfaces Ö IEEE 1394A B and USB 2 0 This manual contains the information necessary to set up the available hardware configurations Where procedures for the configurations differ they are described separately and clearly marked Overview The Contro...

Страница 32: ...lays status and configuration information for the subsystem and arrays A full list of LCD display messages is given in Appendix C Scroll button The scroll button is used to scroll through information on the display and to select settings for the date and time Enter Mute button The Enter Mute button is used to set date and time and to mute the buzzer ...

Страница 33: ...the host interface of your subsystem Two hardware configurations of are available AC power connector To connect to AC power code RS232 port The RS232 port is used for data transmission for firmware update and GUI interface Host connection ports IEEE 1394 and USB interface version IEEE 1394 ports The IEEE 1394 ports can be used to connect to a host machine Each of the two IEEE ports supports IEEE 1...

Страница 34: ...anual 3 4 The USB port cannot be used when either of the IEEE 1394 ports is in use 2 of IEEE 1394 port are for daisy chain to connect another IEEE1394 device Not for connecting to 2 host at mean time for access ...

Страница 35: ...Western Digital All four hard disks should be configured as Single Master The subsystem should be fitted with four hard disk drives Load each drive into a drive carrier as follows 1 Pull the drive carrier handle to release the latch 2 Slide the drive carrier out of the controller box 3 Place the disk drive in the drive carrier and secure the disk in the carrier ...

Страница 36: ...User s Manual 3 6 4 Slide the loaded disk drive carrier into the Controller Box and push flat the carrier handle to lock the carrier in position ...

Страница 37: ...host computer Ö Set the time and date on Array creation flowchart Setting up an array on is simple This chapter will lead you though the following steps z Use the RAID level selector to set the RAID level 0 0 1 5 or 5 spare z Load four drives into then turn on to create array Replace any faulty drives z When RAID initialization is complete connect your array to a host computer z Set the time and d...

Страница 38: ...evel Unmatched 2 Current Rx Original Rx Note Current Rx means the RAID level setting of RAID level selector Original Rx means the RAID level setting of current disks For example Supposed the RAID level selector is R0 but the disk setting detected from disks is R5 the LCD will display the following two messages alternatively 1 RAID Level Unmatched 2 Current R0 Original R5 Solution At this situation...

Страница 39: ...off to change RAID level To change RAID level 1 Power off 2 Set the new RAID level using the RAID level selector 3 Remove all four disks 4 Power on 5 Install the four disks to start RAID initialization Changing RAID level may lead to the loss of all data on the array ...

Страница 40: ...rned off 2 Move both selector switch 1 and 2 to OFF Setting RAID 5 spare 1 Ensure is turned off 2 Move selector switch 1 to OFF and 2 to ON Initially in a RAID 5 spare array the drive in the TOP drive carrier is the hot spare and its status indicator will be shown amber for notification In a RAID 0 1 array disk 1 2 and disk 3 4 are two independent RAID 1group This allows one disk from each separat...

Страница 41: ...as been used in before then will have a notification on LCD to remind if you really want to initialize a new RAID with previously used DISK to prevent wrong operation caused DATA loss The subsystem confirms with you that Create New RAID and you can select Yes by button to re create new RAID or No to retrieve existing RAID according to current drives Four drives should usually be installed for init...

Страница 42: ...the drive should be replaced The alarm will sound in case of RAID failure Press the Enter Mute button to the right of the display to silence the alarm Initialization of an array may take up to 15 minutes depending on the capacity of disks and the RAID level selected The status of the controller and array is given by the LCD display Press the scroll button to the left of the display to scroll throu...

Страница 43: ...ID 5 spare array the disk in the TOP drive carrier is the hot spare initially And disk status indicator of the hot spare one will be shown amber for notification But after disk hot swapping the hot spare disk will be changed For example when hot swap disk 3 then the top disk disk 1 will be auto rebuilt If you plug disk 3 afterward disk 3 will be the new hot spare disk it s no longer the TOP disk I...

Страница 44: ...d disk in a RAID 5 spare array The hot spare disk will be brought on line automatically The alarm can be silenced by pressing the Enter Mute button to the right of the display Swapping drives The hot swap function for RAID 5 arrays enables failed disks to be swapped while the array is powered on RAID rebuilding will be processed automatically in the background and the RAID subsystem will record it...

Страница 45: ...Chapter 4 Setting up an array 4 9 Removing a drive 1 Pull the drive carrier handle 2 Slide the drive carrier out of the subsystem 3 Remove four screws from the tray and lift out the disk drive ...

Страница 46: ...2 0 Windows NT4 0 Windows 2000 Windows 2003 Windows XP Linux Red Hat 7 3 Linux Red Hat9 0 MAC OS 9 MAC OS X Fedora core 1 Fedora core 2 Fedora core 3 Windows 2000 users should upgrade their operating system to at least Windows Service Pack 3 for the operating system to be able to recognize on an IEEE 1394 host connection To check whether you should upgrade right click on the My Computer icon on yo...

Страница 47: ...ablish a RAID array 2 Either Ö Connect one end of the supplied USB cable to the USB port and the other end to a spare USB port on your host computer or Ö Connect one end of one of the supplied IEEE 1394 cables to one of the IEEE 1394 ports Advanced users wishing to remotely monitor the status of their array should connect via an RS 232 cable to a terminal or computer hosting a terminal emulation p...

Страница 48: ...t enter the year Change the displayed value by pressing the left hand Scroll button When the correct value is displayed press the Enter button to move to the next field 2 Enter the month in the same way then move to and enter the date 3 Press the Enter button to move to the hour filed Enter the time in the 24 hour clock format 4 Press Enter when you have entered the correct minute value to complet...

Страница 49: ...ure no error messages are showing on the LCD display 2 Turn on the host computer 3 On the desktop right click the My Computer icon 4 Select Manage The Computer Management dialog box appears 5 In the Computer Management dialog box select Disk Management from the left hand menu The array will appear in the lower right section of the dialog box as a disk marked unallocated Other disks attached to the...

Страница 50: ...ting the array and select Create Partition Follow the wizard to create one or more partitions on the array 7 When you have completed creating a partition the array will appear as a disk in the disk management section of the Computer Management dialog box ...

Страница 51: ...df The array will be listed as shown at a temporary location tmp The code given the array depends on the host interface type Arrays connected through a USB or IEEE 1394 interface will be assigned a code sda sdb sdc etc Arrays connected through a serial ATA interface will be assigned a code hde hdf hdg etc as in the example shown When you have confirmed that the array has been detected 4 Enter the ...

Страница 52: ...eate a primary partition then enter the number of primary partitions you wish to create 8 Enter the command to create a Linux second extended file system on the array In the example the command is mke2fs directory device mke2fs dev hde 9 Assign the array a location Enter mount directory device location mount dev hde tmp ...

Страница 53: ...cated Applications Utilities The Disk utility dialog box appears and the array will appear in the left menu of window as an untitled disk Other disks attached to the host machine such as main drive of the machine will have an assigned name for the parts of the disk partition that are accessible to the operating system These are listed in the left hand menu of dialog box You must partition the disk...

Страница 54: ... 6 The confirmation dialog will be pop out to confirm again Click Partition to continue procedure 7 The partition will then begin and process is been showing as creating partition map in lower right corner of dialog box ...

Страница 55: ...Chapter 5 Partitioning the array 5 7 8 When you have completed creating a partition the array will appear as a disk in storage list in left menu and be put on desktop as shortcut ...

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Страница 57: ...capacity of new DISK you installed must equal or larger than the smallest disk in the subsystem Otherwise it will be rejected by the subsystem though it has no any damage 4 How should I react to a disk failure while creating a RAID 5 Ö Replace the failed DISK with another of equal or larger capacity The array will re initialize from starting 5 If I only have two or three disks can I create a RAID ...

Страница 58: ...What should I do Ö Swap the failed disk with one of the other three disks and turn on If the same disk fails replace the disk If the failure reappears at the same drive carrier either the drive carrier or is faulty Perform the next step Ö Swap the position of the drive carrier that failed twice and turn on If the same drive carrier fails replace it If the failure reappears at the same drive carrie...

Страница 59: ...rriers Ö Consult your dealer if the subsystem appears to be faulty 12 Four disks have failed What should I do If four disks have failed you will need to use another disk that you know is functioning Use this disk in the same way as outlined in the previous answer to find out if the malfunction is with the original disks the drive carriers or the subsystem 13 What should I do when I see below error...

Страница 60: ... to save the data from system Ö Condition 4 B a t t e r y F a i l e d Note Battery is low missing or failed Solution Please contact with your distributor or vendor to change a new battery Ö Condition 5 F a n F a i l e d Note Fan is low missing or failed Solution Please contact with your distributor or vendor to change a new Fan 14 Why can t I use with Windows 98 on a USB2 0 host interface Ö We rec...

Страница 61: ...due to the Fire wire USB chip manufacturer F W driver issue To solve this problem you can only use one file system for all the partitions 17 Under Linux OS and with USB connection to host it shows I O error or data error Ö The problem is due to the Fire wire USB chip manufacturer V1 06 F W driver To solve this problem you can choose either A Not to use USB connection for Linux OS 18 When cascade m...

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Страница 63: ...a body of Array Management Software Array Management Software controls the disks and presents them to the array operating environment as one or more virtual disks Firmware See Array Management Software Host Computer Any computer system to which disks are directly attached and accessible for I O Mainframes and servers as well as workstations and personal computers can all be considered host compute...

Страница 64: ... Different RAID level offer different data throughput speeds and fault tolerance data redundancy RAID 0 does not feature redundant information but is nonetheless considered a special type of RAID Serial ATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Serial ATA often abbreviated as SATA or S ATA is an advance on the commonly used Parallel ATA interface for data storage devices Serial ATA allows data tra...

Страница 65: ...reate new RAID When the system is powered on and it s ready replace 4 disks the following message will be displayed to ask user to confirm the initialization process C r e a t e N e W R A l D N O Y E S User can press the MENU or ENTER button to select NO or YES to confirm your selection and move to the next operation RAID initialization started After password setting system will automatically ente...

Страница 66: ...ly for disk failure or bad sectors detected R A I D I N I T F a i l e d D 2 o f f l i n e R A I D I N I T F a i l e d D 2 B a d s e c t o r s System ready After the system is powered on with all 4 disks successfully initialized it will display the following message R A I D B O X R e a d y h h m m Where hh mm represents the hour and minutes of current time if being correctly set RAID and disk statu...

Страница 67: ...information being displayed System firmware version F i r m w a r e V e r 1 0 0 System serial number S e r i a l N u m b e r 0 0 0 9 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 8 0 System fan speed and temperature F a n 3 6 0 0 r p m T e m p e r a t u r e 4 0 C Error and failure messages Error or failure messages will be displayed on LCD panel under the following conditions All disks haven t plugged in correct D I S K N ...

Страница 68: ... sector count of DISK has more than 10 or equal 10 sectors the ERS4 FWTT will kick the DISK out D I S K x F a i l B a d s e c t o r Y Y 1 5 DISK x Fail Bad sector yy 15 It means DISK x has Y bad sectors and the number 15 means the total remapped area In the ERS4 FWTT remap policy when the total bad count to 15 the controller will start to compare each DISK of bad sectors count to determine which D...

Страница 69: ...y 1 R A I D F a i l C o d e 2 Code 2 represents the array has been failed but of 4 disk exist RAID configuration error message The following two messages will be displayed alternatively when the setting of RAID level selectors does not match the existing disk RAID level setting R A I D L e v e l U n m a t c h e d C u r r e n t R 5 O r i g i n a l R 0 The system will stop working until users choose...

Страница 70: ...l display the disk rebuilding progress when a failed disk is replaced by a new one D x R e b u i l d x x x T o t a l x x x G B Where xx x represents the percentage of RAID capacity is being rebuilt If there is no disk error during rebuilding the LCD panel will display the following message upon finishing the initialization stage D x R e b u i l d 1 0 0 x x x G B O K If the capacity of newly instal...

Страница 71: ... f f l i n e Time setting After the Enter button is pushed for over five seconds and released the following message will be displayed for users to change the time and date Y Y M M D D H H M M x x x x x x x x x x To press the MENU button to select between 0 to 9 and press the Enter button to confirm your selection and move to the next operation Start by adjusting the year YY then move to the month ...

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Страница 73: ...ts ANSI terminal emulation Other terminal programs may be used in place of HyperTerminal to communicate with the subsystem However the setup process for other terminal software may differ from that outlined in this chapter Array data and configurations are not affected by updating of firmware HyperTerminal is bundled as standard with Microsoft Windows operating systems It will be found in the Comm...

Страница 74: ...mation about your location Enter a name to identify the connection e g and select an icon to represent the connection Press OK 5 The Connect to dialog box appears Select COM1 or COM2 from the Connect using dropdown menu depending on which port is linked to Click OK 6 The COM Properties dialog box will appear Set the following values Bits per second 19 200 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow C...

Страница 75: ...e 1 to download firmware Enter 1 to Download Firmware ESC exit r reset Version Boot 01 a 04 Downloading Code 11 Locate the updated firmware file to send If using HyperTerminal go to the Transfer menu and select Send Text File 12 Send the firmware file as a text file The file will start to download 13 When the file has downloaded After restarted the firmware updating is finished and you can check i...

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