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DOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL 1C – 91
DAEWOO V–121 BL4
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
AND SYSTEM OPERATION
CYLINDER HEAD AND GASKET
The cylinder head is made of an aluminum alloy and uses
cross–flow intake and exhaust ports. A spark plug is lo-
cated in the center of each combustion chamber. The cyl-
inder head houses the dual camshafts.
CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft has eight integral weights which are cast
with it for balancing. Oil holes run through the center of the
crankshaft to supply oil to the connecting rods, the bear-
ings, the pistons, and the other components. The end
thrust load is taken by the thrust washers installed at the
center journal.
TIMING BELT
The timing belt coordinates and keeps the crankshaft and
the dual overhead camshafts synchronized. The timing
belt also turns the coolant pump. The timing belt and the
pulleys are toothed so that there is no slippage between
them. There are two idler pulleys. An automatic tensioner
pulley maintains the timing belt
’
s correct tension. The tim-
ing belt is made of a tough reinforced rubber similar to that
used on the serpentine drive belt and requires no lubrica-
tion.
OIL PUMP
The oil pump draws engine oil from the oil pan and feeds
it under pressure to the various parts of the engine. An oil
strainer is mounted before the inlet of the oil pump to re-
move impurities which could clog or damage the oil pump
or other engine components. When the crankshaft ro-
tates, the oil pump driven gear rotates. This causes the
space between the gears to constantly open and narrow,
pulling oil in from the oil pan when the space opens and
pumping the oil out to the engine as it narrows.
At high engine speeds, the oil pump supplies a much high-
er amount of oil than required for lubrication of the engine.
The oil pressure regulator prevents too much oil from en-
tering the engine lubrication passages. During normal oil
supply, a coil spring and valve keep the bypass closed, di-
recting all of the oil pumped to the engine. When the
amount of oil being pumped increases, the pressure be-
comes high enough to overcome the force of the spring.
This opens the valve of the oil pressure regulator, allowing
the excess oil to flow through the valve and drain back to
the oil pan.
OIL PAN
The engine oil pan is mounted to the bottom of the cylinder
block. The engine oil pan houses the crankcase and is
made of cast aluminum.
Engine oil is pumped from the oil pan by the oil pump. After
it passes through the oil filter, it is fed through two paths
to lubricate the cylinder block and the cylinder head. In one
path, the oil is pumped through oil passages in the crank-
shaft to the connecting rods, and to the pistons and cylin-
ders. It then drains back to the oil pan. In the second path,
the oil is pumped through passages to the camshaft. The
oil passes through the internal passage ways in the cam-
shafts to lubricate the valve assemblies before draining
back to the oil pan.
EXHAUST MANIFOLD
A single four–port, rear–takedown manifold is used. The
manifold is designed to direct escaping exhaust gases out
of the combustion chambers with a minimum of back pres-
sure. The oxygen sensor is mounted to the exhaust man-
ifold.
INTAKE MANIFOLD
The intakemanifold has four independent long ports and
utilizes an inertial supercharging effect to improve engine
torque at low and moderate speeds.
CAMSHAFTS
This engine is a dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) type,
which means there are two camshafts. One camshaft op-
erates the intake valves, and the other camshaft operates
the exhaust valves. The camshafts sit in journals on the
top of the engine (in the cylinder head) and are held in
place by camshaft caps. The camshaft journals of the cyl-
inder head are drilled for oil passages. Engine oil travels
to the camshafts under pressure where it lubricates each
camshaft journal. The oil returns to the oil pan through
drain holes in the cylinder head. The camshaft lobes are
machined into the solid camshaft to precisely open and
close the intake and the exhaust valves the proper dis-
tance at the correct time. The camshaft lobes are oiled by
splash action from pressurized oil escaping from the cam-
shaft journals.