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Specifications

C-Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual

4-3

5705 5 W SSPA

Output power (1 dB GCP)

+37.0 dBm minimum

Connector

N-type female, or CPR137-G (Band 2 only)

VSWR

1.5:1 maximum

Carrier to intermodulation 
ratio

–29 dBc, two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP

5710 10 W SSPA

Output power (1 dB GCP)

+40.0 dBm minimum

Connector

N-type female, or CPR137-G (Band 2 only)

VSWR

1.5:1 maximum

Carrier to intermodulation 
ratio

–29 dBc, two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP

5720 20 W SSPA

Output power (1 dB GCP)

+43.0 dBm minimum

Connector

N-type female, or CPR137-G (Band 2 only)

VSWR

1.5:1 maximum

Carrier to intermodulation 
ratio

–27 dBc, two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP

5730 30 W SSPA

Output power (1 dB GCP)

+44.8 dBm minimum

Connector

N-type female, or CPR137-G (Band 2 only)

VSWR

1.5:1 maximum

Carrier to intermodulation 
ratio

–27 dBc, two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP

Содержание 5705

Страница 1: ...S A T E L L I T E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L C Band Transceiver 5700 series ...

Страница 2: ...1 Codan Limited Codan part number 15 44001 EN Issue 2 March 2002 Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation The Certification Body of the Russian Federation State Committee of Communications and Information Technology confirms that the C Band Transceiver 5700 series conforms to the technical specifications of Russian Interconnected Communication System No OC 1 CC 249 ...

Страница 3: ...rminal Equipment Directive 2 3 3 Overview Introduction to the C Band Transceiver 5700 series 3 2 Transceiver control and monitoring 3 3 Control panel of the converter 3 4 Converter options 3 7 Frequency band options 3 7 Bandwidth options 3 8 Synthesiser options 3 8 Solid state power amplifier options 3 9 Frequency band options 3 9 Output options 3 9 Monitor port option 3 9 Transceiver configuratio...

Страница 4: ... amplifier 5 4 Transmit reject filter 5 5 6 Installation Unpacking the equipment 6 2 Safety precautions 6 3 Radiation warning 6 3 High voltage warning 6 3 Installing the outdoor equipment 6 5 Converter module 6 5 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 SSPAs 6 6 5760 5712H SSPAs 6 7 Low noise amplifier and transmit reject filter 6 8 Power supply unit 6 9 Grounding recommendations 6 11 Welding precautions 6 12 Se...

Страница 5: ...n between the terminal and transceiver 7 18 Setting converter parameters 7 19 Power up mode 7 19 Frequency 7 19 SSPA control mode 7 20 Fault enables 7 21 Converter temperature compensation type 7 22 SSPA temperature compensation type 7 22 Cable compensation 7 23 Intermediate frequency 7 26 IF impedance 7 26 Reference oscillator override 7 26 Mandatory transceiver settings for high power applicatio...

Страница 6: ...Control commands 8 29 Set parameter commands 8 31 Fault enable commands 8 37 Logging commands 8 38 Output parameter commands 8 40 9 Maintenance and fault finding Precautions 9 2 DC supply 9 2 Connections to power supplies 9 2 Non user serviceable modules 9 2 Maintaining the solid state power amplifier fans 9 3 Checking the reference oscillator frequency 9 4 Remote measurement 9 4 Local measurement...

Страница 7: ...iver 5700 series Reference Manual v Appendix A Summary of commands Help commands A 2 View commands A 3 Control commands A 4 Set parameter commands A 5 Fault enable commands A 7 Logging commands A 8 Output parameter commands A 9 Index ...

Страница 8: ...Table of contents vi C Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual This page has been left blank intentionally ...

Страница 9: ...rter 9 7 Figure 9 3 Main fault diagnosis chart 9 12 Figure 9 4 DC power supply system fault diagnosis chart 9 13 Figure 9 5 AC power supply 5582B system fault diagnosis chart 9 14 Figure 9 6 5760 5712H SSPA supply system fault diagnosis chart 9 15 Figure 9 7 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 SSPA fault diagnosis chart 9 16 Figure 9 8 5760 5712H SSPA fault diagnosis chart 9 17 Figure 9 9a Fan fault diagnosi...

Страница 10: ...List of figures viii C Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual This page has been left blank intentionally ...

Страница 11: ...e RS422 7 8 Table 7 5 Position of DIP option switches for serial interface packet address 7 9 Table 7 6 Available frequency ranges 7 20 Table 7 7 SSPA control mode commands 7 20 Table 7 8 Fault enable commands 7 21 Table 7 9 Standard SSPA type 7 22 Table 7 10 Cable compensation settings 70 MHz IF 7 24 Table 7 11 Cable compensation settings 140 MHz IF 7 25 Table 7 12 Mandatory converter settings 7 ...

Страница 12: ...L 9 30 Table 9 14 Test M 9 30 Table 9 15 Test N 9 30 Table 9 16 Test P 9 31 Table 9 17 Test Q 9 31 Table A 1 Help commands A 2 Table A 2 View commands A 3 Table A 3 Control commands A 4 Table A 4 Set parameter commands A 5 Table A 5 Fault enable commands A 7 Table A 6 Logging commands A 8 Table A 7 Output parameter commands A 9 ...

Страница 13: ...rview general description of the transceiver Chapter 4 Specifications specifications for all the transceiver modules Chapter 5 How the transceiver works brief technical description of the transceiver Chapter 6 Installation how to unpack and install the transceiver Chapter 7 Setting up the transceiver how to set up the transceiver ready for operation Chapter 8 Operating the transceiver operating pr...

Страница 14: ...or keyboard key that you press Courier a segment of text that is taken directly from a computer screen Italics a cross reference or text requiring emphasis UPPER CASE a switch position This icon Means a warning your actions may cause harm to yourself or the equipment a caution proceed with caution as your actions may lead to loss of data privacy or signal quality a note the text provided next to t...

Страница 15: ...ous wave carrier wave DC direct current DCE data communication equipment DIP dual inline package EMC electromagnetic compatibility FET field effect transistor FM frequency modulation GaAs Gallium Arsenide GCP gain compression point GND ground G T gain temperature H hexadecimal H W hardware HEMT high electron mobility transistor HPA high power amplifier IF intermediate frequency ICNIRP Internationa...

Страница 16: ...ck off PC personal computer PLL phase locked loop PSU power supply unit QPSK quadrature phase shift keying RD receive data RF radio frequency RTS request to send R TTE radio and telecommunications terminal equipment Rx receive SHF super high frequency SSB single sideband SSPA solid state power amplifier TD transmit data TRF transmit reject filter TWTA travelling wave tube amplifier Tx transmit VSW...

Страница 17: ... W and above Low power transceiver Transceiver system that uses an SSPA rated at 40 W and below Modem Device used to convert digital information to a modulated RF carrier and to extract digital information from a modulated RF carrier Packet protocol Serial communication method using a structured addressable packet of ASCII characters Transceiver Equipment comprising the converter solid state power...

Страница 18: ...pere A Data rate bits per second bps Depth millimetre D Frequency hertz Hz Height millimetre H Impedance ohm Ω Length metre m Noise temperature kelvin K Pressure pascal Pa Power decibels relative to a carrier dBc Power decibels relative to 1 mW dBm Power watt W Temperature degrees Celsius C Voltage volt V Weight gram g Width millimetre W Unit Name Multiplier m milli 10 3 d deci 10 1 k kilo 103 M m...

Страница 19: ...he 5760 5712H Solid State Power Amplifier Associated documents This manual is one of a series of publications related to the C Band Transceiver 5700 series Other associated publications are C Band and Ku Band Hub mount SSPAs 5760 5712H and 5940 Reference Manual Codan part number 15 44011 EN Hand Held Controller 5560 User Guide Codan part number 15 44009 EN Remote Controller 5570 User Guide Codan p...

Страница 20: ...About this manual 1 8 C Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual This page has been left blank intentionally ...

Страница 21: ...is chapter describes how to ensure the C Band Transceiver 5700 series complies with the Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive 1999 5 EC Only those transceivers fitted with the transmit frequency Band 2 option have been tested and certified for compliance with this Directive ...

Страница 22: ... ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EMC standard for radio equipment and services Part 12 Specific conditions for Very Small Aperture Terminal Satellite Interactive Earth Stations operated in the frequency ranges between 4 GHz and 30 GHz in the Fixed Satellite Service FSS EN 60950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment including electrical business machines 2000 Compliance with these standards is s...

Страница 23: ... using the equipment A protective earth connection must be included in the mains wiring to the transceiver see page 2 6 Earth symbols As the transceiver is intended for permanent connection to the mains supply a readily accessible switch or circuit breaker must be incorporated in the mains wiring to enable easy isolation of the unit The isolating switch must disconnect both poles simultaneously Ho...

Страница 24: ...s Table 2 1 specifies the minimum safe distance versus elevation angle for a 1 8 m diameter antenna fitted with a 40 W transceiver system A suitable fence or other barrier must be provided to prevent casual occupancy of the area in front of the antenna within the safe distance given in Table 2 1 As the antenna size is increased or the transceiver output power rating is reduced the required safe di...

Страница 25: ...ompliance with respect to radiated spurious signals is maintained If necessary consult Codan for more information For CE compliance the transceiver must be set up so that it does not enter the transmit on state upon power up Table 2 1 Safe distance for 1 8 m diameter antenna with 40 W transceiver Antenna elevation angle degrees Safe distance m 7 5 26 5 15 12 5 30 6 0 45 3 6 60 2 4 75 1 7 Table 2 2...

Страница 26: ...een provided on the transceiver To comply with the European Low Voltage Directive the symbols shown in Table 2 3 are used to identify the protective earth and earth on the equipment Warning labels The symbols shown in Table 2 4 are used to identify potential hazards on the equipment Table 2 3 Earth symbols Symbols Meaning Protective earth Earth Table 2 4 Warning labels Symbols Meaning The surface ...

Страница 27: ...5700 series It includes an introduction to the C Band transceiver 3 2 transceiver control and monitoring 3 3 features of the converter control panel 3 4 converter options 3 7 solid state power amplifier options 3 9 transceiver configurations 3 10 a brief description of the outdoor modules of the transceiver 3 14 accessories 3 17 ...

Страница 28: ...ternational standards for C Band equipment The C Band Transceiver 5700 series range of equipment comprises Converter module 5700 5 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5705 10 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5710 20 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5720 30 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5730 40 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5740 60 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5760 120 W Solid State Power Amplifier 5712H Powe...

Страница 29: ...troller 5570 or a terminal A hand held or remote controller provide the simplest and most convenient way to set the parameters of the transceiver For details of how to use a hand held or remote controller see the Hand Held Controller 5560 User Guide or the Remote Controller 5570 User Guide For users who do not have a hand held or remote controller they can create a temporary interface connection t...

Страница 30: ...converter consists of three power status indicators and one switch position marker one SSPA status indicator and three switch position markers five fault indicators two sets of DIP option switches Figure 3 1 Control panel of the converter ADDRESS 0 DATA BITS 1 PARITY RS232 422 ASCII PKT TERM 0 1 ON WARM UP STANDBY DATA RATE 4W 2W MAINS BATT LNA 15V 48VDC 6 3A SSPA ON ACTIVATE REMOTE PACKET 2 1 0 3...

Страница 31: ...dicator SSPA ON on the control panel of the converter There are three SSPA switch position markers on the control panel of the converter INHIBIT REMOTE ACTIVATE Fault indicators There are five red fault indicators on the control panel of the converter CONV LNA SSPA TEMP FAN These LEDs will illuminate to indicate faults in the converter LNA and SSPA including SSPA Temperature and or SSPA Fan fault ...

Страница 32: ...ion switches on the control panel of the converter These switches enable you to select the serial interface that will operate the parameters of your transceiver mains or battery operation LNA 15 V operation For information on how to set the converter option switches see page 7 2 Setting the converter option switches ...

Страница 33: ...the first number on the model label of the converter Band option 2 on the converter must be specified for use with 5760 and 5712H SSPAs Table 3 1 Frequency band options for the converter Band option Description Transmit frequency MHz Receive frequency MHz 2 C Band Extended 5850 to 6425 3625 to 4200 3 Insat 6725 to 7025 4500 to 4800 4 Palapa C Intelsat VIII A 6425 to 6725a a For converters with sof...

Страница 34: ...e supplied to operate with one of two synthesiser options Operation with a single synthesiser provides a fixed transmit to receive frequency offset of 2225 MHz Narrow 40 MHz indicated by an N in the second position on the model label of the converter Wide 80 MHz indicated by a W in the second position on the model label of the converter Dual available for Band 2 and 4 indicated by a D in the third...

Страница 35: ...t options The SSPA output connector options are Monitor port option The 5710 and 5720 SSPAs may be supplied with an optional monitor port indicated by an M in the third position on the model label of the SSPA 5760 and 5712H SSPAs have a monitor port as standard Table 3 2 Frequency band options for the 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 SSPAs Band option Description Transmit frequency MHz 2 C Band Extended 5...

Страница 36: ...er system It does not require any indoor equipment see Figure 3 2 Power is provided from a 48 V DC source AC supply configuration 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 SSPAs The AC supply configuration is supplied with a Power Supply Unit 5582B which enables the transceiver to be powered from AC mains see Figure 3 3 The PSU may be mounted outdoors to reduce the requirement for long DC power cables minimise the...

Страница 37: ...Figure 3 2 DC supply configuration Converter Module 5700 Monitor Control optional Tx IF 50 75 W Rx IF 50 75 W SSPA 5705 10 20 30 40 Tx RF Power Control C Band Transceiver 5700 series Rx RF TRF LNA Tx RF Rx RF Fan where fitted 48 V Supply Alarm connections optional ...

Страница 38: ...y configuration Converter Module 5700 Monitor Control optional Tx IF 50 75 W Rx IF 50 75 W SSPA Module 5705 10 20 30 40 Tx RF Power Control C Band Transceiver 5700 series Rx RF TRF LNA Tx RF Rx RF Supply Alarm connections optional Fan where fitted Power Supply Unit 5582B Mains 48 V ...

Страница 39: ... 3 4 High power transceiver configuration Converter Module 5700 Monitor Control optional Tx IF 50 75 W Rx IF 50 75 W SSPA 5760 5712H Tx RF Alarm Control C Band High Power Transceiver 5700 series Rx RF TRF LNA Tx RF Rx RF 48 V AC supply Supply Alarm connections optional ...

Страница 40: ...d in Chapter 10 Drawings Converter module The converter performs the frequency conversion in the transceiver It is a single integrated outdoor mounted module see drawing 03 00959 in Chapter 10 Drawings The converter uses dual conversion and synthesised frequency control in 1 MHz increments It is protected against transmitting on out of band frequencies All oscillators are phase locked to the inter...

Страница 41: ...logy the latest GaAs FET devices and surface mount technology are used Remote operation of all control and status functions is possible via a serial interface The SSPA modules feature an output isolator for operation into any load Alarm thresholds can be set for low or high power and the gain of the SSPA is adjustable over a 20 dB range Gain variation versus temperature is automatically compensate...

Страница 42: ...U provides DC power to the transceiver from a 50 60 Hz 115 230 VAC source The PSU contains a simple transformer rectifier supply The robust design of the module enables the transceiver to operate reliably when the AC mains supply is fluctuating see drawing 03 00993 in Chapter 10 Drawings ...

Страница 43: ...ing parameters of the transceiver The Remote Controller 5570 is a rack mounted controller that is used to display the operating status and change all operating parameters of the transceiver This controller has an in built security function to protect the parameters of the transceiver from being changed unintentionally or by unauthorised people Both controllers connect to the transceiver via the MO...

Страница 44: ...Overview 3 18 C Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual This page has been left blank intentionally ...

Страница 45: ... 1 CODAN 4 Specifications This chapter lists the specifications of the C Band Transceiver 5700 series It includes transmit section 4 2 receive section 4 6 low noise amplifier 4 8 transmit reject filter 4 9 general 4 10 environmental 4 14 physical 4 15 ...

Страница 46: ... SSPA gain setting Attenuator range Converter with D prefix serial number Converter with A B or C prefix serial number 0 to 25 dB nominal 0 to 30 dB nominal Attenuator step size 1 dB nominal Gain flatness narrow BW option wide BW option 1 0 dB maximum 40 MHz 2 0 dB maximum 80 MHz Gain stability 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H 1 5 dB maximum 40 C to 55 C 2 0 dB maximum 40 C to 55 C RF output Frequen...

Страница 47: ...emale or CPR137 G Band 2 only VSWR 1 5 1 maximum Carrier to intermodulation ratio 29 dBc two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP 5720 20 W SSPA Output power 1 dB GCP 43 0 dBm minimum Connector N type female or CPR137 G Band 2 only VSWR 1 5 1 maximum Carrier to intermodulation ratio 27 dBc two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP 5730 30 W SSPA Output power 1 dB GCP 44 8 dBm minimum Connec...

Страница 48: ...ical at saturation 47 0 dBm minimum at 1 dB GCP Connector CPR137 G VSWR 1 25 1 maximum Carrier to intermodulation ratio 26 dBc two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP 5712H 120 W SSPA Output power 25 C 50 8 dBm 120 W typical at saturation 50 0 dBm minimum at 1 dB GCP Connector CPR137 G VSWR 1 25 1 maximum Carrier to intermodulation ratio 26 dBc two carriers each at 6 dB OPBO from 1 dB GCP Spu...

Страница 49: ...Hz 80 dBc Hz maximum 85 dBc Hz typical 100 kHz 90 dBc Hz maximum 95 dBc Hz typical Synthesiser step size 1 MHz Frequency stability 40 C to 55 C 2 10 8 Aging 1 10 7 year Cable compensationa a Cable compensation facility is not provided in converters with D prefix serial numbers Range narrow BW option wide BW option 0 to 1 2 dB nominal 16 steps 0 to 2 5 dB nominal 16 steps ...

Страница 50: ...male VSWR 1 4 1 maximum Noise figure 18 dB typical DC output switch selectable 15 V 75 to 250 mA IF output Frequency range narrow BW option wide BW option 70 20 ΜΗz 140 20 ΜΗz selectable 140 40 ΜΗz Impedance 50 75 Ω selectable 3rd order intercept 15 dBm minimum Connector N type female Return loss 18 dB minimum 50 Ω Gain specification Gain 45 dB nominal Attenuator range 0 to 30 dB nominal Attenuato...

Страница 51: ...rious output 65 dBm maximum Phase noise SSB 100 Hz 60 dBc Hz maximum 75 dBc Hz typical 1 kHz 70 dBc Hz maximum 80 dBc Hz typical 10 kHz 80 dBc Hz maximum 85 dBc Hz typical 100 kHz 90 dBc Hz maximum 95 dBc Hz typical Synthesiser step size 1 MHz Frequency stability 40 C to 55 C 2 10 8 Aging 1 10 7 year ...

Страница 52: ...o cover other frequency bands are also available Input Frequency range 3 625 to 4 200 GHz Interface CPR229 G Noise temperature 40 K typical at 25 C other noise temperatures available Gain specification Gain 50 dB minimum Gain flatness 1 5 dB maximum full band Output 1 dB GCP 5 dBm minimum Impedance 50 Ω Connector N type female VSWR 2 0 1 maximum ...

Страница 53: ...Manual 4 9 Transmit reject filter These specifications are indicative Transmit reject filters to cover other frequency bands are also available Pass band 3 625 to 4 200 GHz Insertion loss 0 05 dB maximum Reject band 5 850 to 6 425 GHz Rejection 55 dB minimum ...

Страница 54: ...SSPA On 160 W maximum SSPA On 200 W maximum SSPA On 220 W maximum SSPA On 280 W maximum SSPA On 40 W maximum SSPA Off AC 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H 150 VA maximum SSPA On 240 VA maximum SSPA On 310 VA maximum SSPA On 340 VA maximum SSPA On 370 VA maximum SSPA On 440 VA typical SSPA On 760 VA typical SSPA On all nominal AC voltage LNA DC Alarm facilities DC output 15 V 75 to 400 mA Alarm i...

Страница 55: ... TEMP FAULT FAN FAULT Controls Power control OFF STANDBY ON SSPA control INHIBIT REMOTE ACTIVATE Serial interface settings LNA supply via Rx RF I P connector MAINS BATT supply select Remote monitor and control facilities Serial interface standards RS232 RS422 RS485 Protocol standards ASCII Packet RS485 various standards available Packet protocol address range 0 to 127 ...

Страница 56: ... SSPA activate control Transmit frequency Receive frequency Transmit attenuation Receive attenuation Power up mode Cable compensation Reference oscillator override SSPA alarm enable LNA alarm enable Fan alarm enable Temperature compensation select Packet address ASCII mode only Packet address range ASCII mode only Packet protocol select SSPA control mode select Converter lock Status change poll IF...

Страница 57: ...override SSPA alarm enable LNA alarm enable Fan alarm enable Temperature compensation select Address range select ASCII mode only Packet protocol select SSPA control mode select Reset Reset change bits IF impedance IF frequency Remote monitoring functions contact closure Standby Warm up SSPA on Converter fault LNA fault SSPA fault Temperature fault Fan fault Remote control functions contact closur...

Страница 58: ... C Relative humidity 100 Cooling 5700 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H Convection Convection Forced air Forced air Weatherproofing 5700 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H Sealed to 34 kPa Sealed to 34 kPa Sealed to IP66 Power supply unit Temperature 40 C to 55 C Relative humidity 100 Cooling Convection Weatherproofing Sealed to IP65 ...

Страница 59: ...option 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 Waveguide output option 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H 120 mm W 370 mm D 185 mm H 165 mm W 415 mm D 215 mm H 120 mm W 380 mm D 185 mm H 165 mm W 420 mm D 215 mm H 277 mm W 354 mm D 491 mm H Power supply unit 5582B 200 mm W 160 mm D 370 mm H Weight Converter module 8 kg SSPA module 5705 5710 5720 5730 5740 5760 5712H 4 5 kg 9 kg 27 kg Power supply unit 5582B 10 ...

Страница 60: ...Specifications 4 16 C Band Transceiver 5700 series Reference Manual This page has been left blank intentionally ...

Страница 61: ...he transceiver works This chapter provides a brief technical description of the main operating components of the transceiver It includes the converter module 5 2 solid state power amplifier 5 4 low noise amplifier 5 4 transmit reject filter 5 5 power supply unit 5 5 ...

Страница 62: ... first conversion output signal is filtered by a high Q interdigital filter amplified then applied to the second conversion stage together with the Tx synthesiser output The resultant signal is filtered and amplified to provide the final Tx RF output signal Down converter The down converter converts the Rx RF input signals from the LNA down to the appropriate Rx IF output via dual conversion The a...

Страница 63: ...ase locked to the internal reference frequency Control and fault detection A microprocessor in the converter provides the control logic and fault detection for the converter LNA and SSPA The status of all phase locked loops in the converter is monitored and a converter fault is indicated if any loop becomes unlocked During an up converter fault period the converter inhibits transmission by shuttin...

Страница 64: ...the 5712H SSPA the four outputs are amplified by four power stages The outputs of these power stages are combined in a waveguide power combiner The SSPAs are internally protected from damage in conditions of overcurrent high temperature output short circuit output open circuit Low noise amplifier The LNA uses HEMT FETs to amplify signals in the specified receive frequency range The input is via a ...

Страница 65: ...ding upon the isolation provided by the OMT a TRF may not be necessary on some antennas Power supply unit The Power Supply Unit 5582B is a robust wide range power supply It is specifically designed to provide the nominal 48 V DC supply required by the C Band transceiver The supply source is 50 60 Hz 115 230 VAC mains The PSU is unregulated and behaves like a simple transformer rectifier supply The...

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