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Appendix A.  Special Instructions for using ST350 

IMPORTANT: Once the extensions have been installed, the transducers are 
much more susceptible to damage during handling due to the large extension 
“lever”.  To minimize possible damage, place the transducer/extension 
assemblies in a plastic five-gallon bucket with the extension ends down.  This 
will allow for many assemblies to be carried at once and still be relatively 
protected. 

 

FIGURE A-6.  Example of Ceiling Mounting 

It may be noted during testing that there is significantly drift due to ambient 
temperature changes once the extensions are installed.  This is due to the 
relatively low thermal inertia of the transducer/extension assembly compared 
to that of the concrete structure.  The best solution is to run the tests on a day 
when the temperature is remaining constant.  This is not always possible, 
therefore, the drift can be minimized, particularly for assemblies that receive 
direct sunlight (on top of the deck, on the parapet, etc.), by covering the gage 
and extension with an insulating material.  Often, a temporary cover of foam or 
cloth attached with duct tape can protect them from wind and direct sunlight.  
Alternatively, CSI can provide custom gage covers that can be mounted 
temporarily. 

After the test has been completed, extreme care must be taken in removing the 
securing nuts from the tabs, as often tabs will have a tendency to “twist off” at 
the glue line, particularly if the concrete is slightly rough.  Do not attempt to 
remove the extension from the transducer while the assembly is still mounted 
to the structure.  Also, before the assemblies are removed, double-check that 
the gage length used for each transducer is recorded.  If this is not done, the 
data will be useless! 

Back off the securing nut between the transducer and extension by holding the 
extension only.  If the tabs are still attached to the transducer or extension after 
removal from the structure, use vice grips to hold the bottom of the tab while 
the securing nut on top is removed.  Again, never use the transducer as a lever! 

To reduce the strain data, remember that the recorded strains have been 
“amplified” by the integer multiple of the gage length.  For example, if the 
longest possible gage length is used (24 in, 58.8cm) this is eight times the 
standard gage length.  Therefore, the data will need to be divided by eight to 
arrive at the correct “averaged” strain.  In addition, a factor of 1.1 will need to 
be applied to the output to account for the extension effect.  The BDI WinGRF 
Software has a feature to easily handle this operation.  

A-5 

Содержание ST350

Страница 1: ...ST350 Strain Transducer 2 08 C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 8 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c I n c...

Страница 2: ...other warranties expressed or implied including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC is not liable for special indirect incidental or consequential...

Страница 3: ...ounting of Sensor to Various Surfaces 5 1 5 1 General 5 1 5 2 Mounting Information for Different Types of Surfaces 5 2 5 2 1 Steel 5 2 5 2 2 Reinforced Concrete 5 3 5 2 3 Pre stressed Concrete 5 6 5 2...

Страница 4: ...ndex 1 Figures 3 1 Measurement Axis 3 1 3 2 Surface Preparation Location 3 2 3 3 ST350 Mounting Example 3 2 4 1 ST350 Electrical Wiring Diagram 4 1 7 1 ST350 Strain Transducer Test Output 7 1 7 2 Prop...

Страница 5: ...ese units are rugged and can be installed in any weather Since they are pre wired and easy to mount ST350 Strain Transducers will drastically reduce your field installation time 1 1 Typical Applicatio...

Страница 6: ...Section 1 Introduction 1 2...

Страница 7: ...ted to NIST standards Strain Range Approximately 2000 Force req d for 1000 Approximately 17 lbs 76 N Sensitivity Approximately 500 mV V Weight Approximately 3 oz 85 g Environmental Built in protective...

Страница 8: ...Section 2 Specifications 2 2...

Страница 9: ...the mid span of a joist locate the midpoint between the supports and the center line of the joist The longitudinal mark should be about 8 inches long and the transverse mark about 4 inches long This...

Страница 10: ...e transducer end opposite of the cable as been machined to a slight point This point along with the cable exit on the rear of the transducer should be aligned with the measurement axis line to ensure...

Страница 11: ...a flat mounting surface If it has been determined neither of the above are causing the excessive offset proceed with the following steps 1 Determine which direction the offset is in 2 If the gage is t...

Страница 12: ...Section 3 Sensor Alignment and Installation 3 4...

Страница 13: ...n provides approximately 3 to 3 1 2 times the output of a standard 1 4 arm foil gage installation for a given strain level The connection sequence is shown in the following figure FIGURE 4 1 ST350 Ele...

Страница 14: ...nts to the signal conditioning Before going to the field Campbell Scientific highly recommends that a simple validation be performed by the user to ensure that signal conditioning gains and calibratio...

Страница 15: ...cleaned surface If attaching to concrete lightly grind the surface with the portable grinder to remove any scale and remove dust with a shop rag or paint brush 3 Using the portable grinder very light...

Страница 16: ...ystems etc large mechanical equipment tower cranes mobile cranes cooling towers etc liquid tanks piles 2 Methods for attaching the ST350 to steel a Tab Glue See above b C clamps Place transducer on sp...

Страница 17: ...orarily create a line while the gage is installed Temporarily hold the transducer extension assembly up to where it is to be mounted to ensure that there are no obstructions along the length of the un...

Страница 18: ...apart along the axis of where the transducer extension assembly is to be mounted It can sometimes be difficult to align the marks on the bottom of concrete slab structures particularly if the structu...

Страница 19: ...cantly more important If the area is difficult to access the transducers are going to be installed for an extended period of time or it is imperative that the measurements be taken at a specific time...

Страница 20: ...to account for the height of the tab on the transducer end Slide a 3 8 deep wall socket over the stud and hold it against the nut Pound in the stud by hitting the end of the socket this will help prev...

Страница 21: ...t the head of the screw does not sink into the transducer mounting hole Use a power screwdriver to drive the screw until it is 1 16 from the surface of the transducer then hand tightened with a standa...

Страница 22: ...Section 5 Mounting of Sensor to Various Surfaces 5 8...

Страница 23: ...be re calibrated on an annual to bi annual basis depending on the usage and number of times the transducers have been installed on a structure NOTE Based upon experience the ST350 transducers should b...

Страница 24: ...Section 6 Calibration and Validation 6 2...

Страница 25: ...ansducer Test Output 1 Ensure the Strain Transducer returns a smooth output Run a test at a sample frequency higher than 30 Hz and apply a smooth tension force gently pulling one each end followed by...

Страница 26: ...A shop rag with mild soapy water can be used to remove other debris from the mounting feet Mounting tab inspection These tabs have been design to be reusable by simply dissolving the glue with acetone...

Страница 27: ...xiting the transducer body This cable can be spliced to a new cable of the proper length If a transducer is damaged beyond repair the transducer will be replaced at a discounted price Please contact C...

Страница 28: ...Section 7 Maintenance Replacement Parts and Repairs 7 4...

Страница 29: ...2 Public FullBR 2 Units Batt_Volt Volts Units PTemp_C Deg C Units Temp_C Deg C Units FullBR mV Define Data Tables DataTable MFGTRUSS True 1 DataInterval 0 60 Min 10 Sample 1 PTemp_C FP2 Sample 1 Temp_...

Страница 30: ...rval Units Lapses Sample 1 TEMP FP2 Sample Reps Source DataType Sampling Temperature by the gages Sample 2 BLK IEEE4 Sample Transducers Sample 1 BattVolt FP2 EndTable End of table MFGTRUSS Store zero...

Страница 31: ...ult Offset BRFull BLK 2 4 2 VX1 2 5000 False True 4000 16670 MBLK OffsetVar FieldCal 0 MeasureVar 1 Multiplier OffSet Mode KnownVar Index 3 FieldCal 0 BLK 2 MBLK OffsetVar ZeroMode 0 1 10 Field Cal de...

Страница 32: ...Section 8 Datalogger Programming 8 4...

Страница 33: ...he gage length be short enough that the measured strains are not significantly affected by moment gradients An upper limit of 1 20th the span length L will usually maintain the gradient below 5 In gen...

Страница 34: ...ee possible scenarios for mounting the transducer extension assemblies to the structure 1 Adhesive tabs on both ends If conditions are dry the concrete surfaces relatively smooth and testing will not...

Страница 35: ...back of the extension to accept the protrusion on top of the gage This will ensure that the gage is positioned correctly 2 Hold the bolt in place and slide the extension over the extension bolt and t...

Страница 36: ...ension Alignment Tab as seen below in FIGURE A 4 Insert the Tab into the hole marked with the desired gage length and the Extension Alignment Tab in to the hole next to it see FIGURE A 5 Screw on a 1...

Страница 37: ...an provide custom gage covers that can be mounted temporarily After the test has been completed extreme care must be taken in removing the securing nuts from the tabs as often tabs will have a tendenc...

Страница 38: ...Appendix A Special Instructions for using ST350 A 6 1965 57th Court North Suite 106 Boulder CO 80301 2826 Ph 303 494 3230 Fax 303 494 5027 www bridgetest com...

Страница 39: ...kground These full Wheatstone bridge strain transducers were originally developed in about 1970 for use in the driven pile industry They were designed for recording strains on the side of a pile steel...

Страница 40: ...ture induced strains particularly on statically indeterminate structures If the transducers are exposed to direct sunlight during live load tests such as on truss members or on top of a concrete slab...

Страница 41: ...this setup since the specimen may be slightly bent to begin with and straightens out slightly Also since the transducers themselves have a small amount of stiffness they will cause a non symmetrical s...

Страница 42: ...ery flexible geometry This enables large strains to be measured with little axial load being transmitted through the transducer Therefore when testing typical structural members the stiffness of the t...

Страница 43: ...n the actual magnitude because possible electronic noise or other effects will immediately be apparent Furthermore the other sensors such as load cells and foil strain gages should all be recorded wit...

Страница 44: ...Appendix B ST350 Accuracy Verification B 6...

Страница 45: ...Appendix C Calibration Sheets C 1 Example of Calibration Sheet BDI Supplied FIGURE C 1 Bridge Diagnostics Calibration Sheet C 1...

Страница 46: ...w to insure sustained accuracy and reliable performance Re Calibration Due Date Report of Calibration Standards Used Calibration Procedure Precision Laser Applied Displacement Make Model SN Calibratio...

Страница 47: ...7 NIST Tracebility B 1 Mountings for Sensor ST350 5 1 Other Considerations B 4 Recording Data B 5 N Specimen Type and Size B 2 Temperature Effects B 2 NIST Tracebility B 1 Appendix C Calibration for...

Страница 48: ...1 Temperature Range 2 1 Weight 2 1 Surface Preparation Locations 3 2 Typical Application 1 1 Typical Mountings 5 1 Wiring Diagram 4 1 Sensor ST350 Maintenance 6 1 Sensor ST350 Replacement Parts Detai...

Страница 49: ...This is a blank page...

Страница 50: ...L www campbellsci com br suporte campbellsci com br Campbell Scientific Canada Corp CSC 11564 149th Street NW Edmonton Alberta T5M 1W7 CANADA www campbellsci ca dataloggers campbellsci ca Campbell Sci...

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