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I3
BRYSToN
DIGITAL TO ANALOGUE CONVERTER
BRYSTON DAC
The Bryston DAC chip we use is a hybrid multi-bit delta sigma
DAC (digital to analogue converter) device. Before the digital
data reaches the delta-sigma modulator, it is run through an 8x
over-sampling process and digital interpolation filter. Due to
the inherent over-sampling process of a delta- sigma modulator
architecture, the overall interpolation ratio of the device is 128
times. Over-sampling and up-sampling have some great benefits
when implemented correctly.
There is a significant difference between up-sampling and
oversampling. Over-sampling is when the samples are repeated
(2x, 4x, 8x, etc.) to create a new sampling frequency. The new
samples are then generally run through an interpolation filter
to create a more analog-like waveform.
Up-sampling usually refers to a mathematical process in which
the new sample rate is not a multiple of the old sample rate,
and the numbers have to be calculated in real-time. This is
what is happening when a sample rate converter chip is in an
up-convert mode. So in the BP-26 DA, if a 44.1 kHz signal
is present: we up-sample to 96kHz (with the Sample Rate
Converter) and then the DAC will internally 8x over-sample
that signal. The great benefit of both of these methods is that
it relaxes the requirements of the analog filter after the DAC.
This is important because it allows designers to implement
higher cutoff frequencies with slower roll-offs, which results
in a phase linear circuit in the audio band.
The up-sampling method, when implemented correctly, also
has the side effect of jitter reduction, since the output clock is
usually asynchronous from the input clock. Another thing to
note is that if the over-sampling or up-sampling processes are
implemented poorly, they can actually introduce jitter. This is
usually a result of poor power supply implementation.
So, in the Bryston DAC, each stage in the digital chain (input
receiver > sample rate converter > digital audio converter) is
independently regulated to prevent any interactions and to
provide rock solid power supplies for any up-sampling/over-
sampling process.
All of this being said the most critical part of the DAC circuit
in the Bryston Preamplifiers and Bryston Integrated Amplifiers
is that the output from the D to A is directly connected to
a pair of Bryston proprietary Class A Discrete Operational
Amplifiers rather than the typical IC chips employed in most
other products. This makes a huge difference in resolution and
dynamic headroom performance.