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SCAN-LAN Vt

This chapter contains information about the fundamentals of testing

twisted-pair cables. This chapter also discusses common wiring problems

and reasons that cables fail. Tables of troubleshooting tips are provided

throughout the chapter; use them for quick reference when

troubleshooting a cable segment.

8.1 Types of Twisted-Pair Cable

Twisted-pair cable is so called because of the physical make-up of the cable.

Two wires are physically twisted together along the length of the cable to

form a pair.
There are three basic kinds of twisted-pair cable: Unshielded Twisted Pair

(UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), and Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP).

Figure 8-1 illustrates the differences in the construction of twisted-pair

cables.

Figure 8-1. Twisted-Pair Cable Construction.

Although UTP is one of the most popular cable test standards to install, it is

also highly susceptible to a variety of failures if the cable is not properly

installed. The SCAN-LAN Vt checks for these possible failures. The test or

tests you choose to run depend on whether you are performing a complete

check of cable characteristics compared to a standard (cable certification) or

troubleshooting a specific cable problem. See

Appendix A, Test Standards

for an explanation of various test standards.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP)
or Foil Twisted Pair (FTP)

drain

8. Testing Twisted-Pair Cable

Содержание SCAN-LAN Vt TS Series

Страница 2: ...eek Call 724 746 5500 or fax 724 746 0746 Mail order Black Box Corporation 1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 Web site www blackbox com E mail info blackbox com JUNE 2000 TS699A TS699AE TS691 TS691E TS692 TS694 TS695 SCAN LAN Vt F1 F2 F3 F4 ESC ENTER AUTOTEST PRINT REMOTE CAL SETUP TRAFFIC LENGTH WIRE MAP QUICK 100 MHz EXTENDED FUNCTIONS SCAN LAN Vt R R ...

Страница 3: ...g Mode 16 2 3 3 Changing the Batteries 17 2 3 4 Using the Rechargeable Battery Eliminator 17 2 4 Display Conventions 18 2 4 1 Arrow Keys 18 2 4 2 Scroll Bars 19 2 4 3 Display Contrast Adjustment 19 3 Getting Started 20 3 1 Initial Setup 20 3 1 1 Setting Up the SCAN LAN Vt 20 3 1 2 NVP Calibration 21 3 1 3 Why Do I Need to Set Cable NVP 21 3 2 Typical Test Setup 22 3 2 1 Basic Link Testing 22 3 2 2...

Страница 4: ...6 Cable Test Descriptions 38 6 1 Wire Map 38 6 1 1 Running Wire Map 38 6 1 2 Viewing Wire Map Results 39 6 2 NEXT 40 6 2 1 Running NEXT 41 6 2 2 Viewing NEXT Summary Results 41 6 2 3 Marginal Test Results 42 6 2 4 Viewing Detailed NEXT Results 42 6 2 5 Viewing a Graph of NEXT Results 43 6 3 Length 44 6 3 1 Running Length Test 44 6 3 2 Viewing Length Results 45 6 4 Attenuation 47 6 4 1 Running Atte...

Страница 5: ...Power Sum NEXT Results 63 6 14 Cable Grading 63 7 Printing Uploading and Viewing Test Results 66 7 1 Connecting to a PC or Printer 66 7 1 1 Overview 66 7 1 2 Adapter Connector Information 66 7 2 Printing Uploading Test Results 67 7 2 1 Printing Uploading a Single Test Report 67 7 2 2 Printing Uploading Multiple Reports 67 7 2 3 Printing Uploading All Reports 68 7 2 4 Uploading Detailed NEXT Attenu...

Страница 6: ...96 8 3 4 Interpreting Results 96 8 4 Power Sum NEXT 97 8 5 Delay Delay Skew 99 9 Setup 101 9 1 Setup Functions 101 9 2 Changing Setup Parameters 102 9 2 1 Length Measurement Units 102 9 2 2 Fault Threshold 103 9 2 3 Noise Threshold 104 9 2 4 PowerDown Time 105 9 2 5 Backlight Time 106 9 2 6 Power Frequency 107 9 2 7 Baud Rate 108 9 2 8 Flow Control 109 9 2 9 Date 110 9 2 10 Time 111 9 2 11 Audible...

Страница 7: ...Traffic Test 128 11 2 Viewing Traffic Results 129 12 Self Test 132 Appendix A Test Standards 133 A 1 Installed Link Test Configurations 133 A 2 Channel Testing 133 A 3 Basic Link Testing 134 A 4 EIA TIA TSB 67 Test Limits 135 A 5 ISO IEC Test Limits 136 A 6 Enhanced Cable Standards Test Limits 138 A 7 IEEE Twisted Pair Test Limits 138 A 8 Defining Custom Standards 143 Appendix B Common Cable NVP V...

Страница 8: ... to 140 F 20 to 60 C Relative Humidity 10 to 90 noncondensing MTBF 50 000 hours Size 9 6 H x 3 9 W x 2 5D 24 4 x 9 9 x 6 4 cm Weight 1 lb 15 oz 0 88 kg Power Battery 8 AA alkaline batteries per unit or 1 NiMH rechargeable battery pack per unit Battery Life 8 to 10 hours continuous use or 800 Autotests typical Low Battery Indicator Audible alarm plus LCD display Automatic Power Down 2 to 30 minutes...

Страница 9: ...Modular Jack TS692 Optional Coax TS693 Memory Test Storage Storage for 500 Autotest results plus one Traffic Report in each SCAN LAN Vt 1000 reports total Imprint Date on all tests Non Volatile Memory Lithium battery backed memory for setup test results and NVP values Wire Mapping Twisted Pair Wiring Only Displays Following Errors Miswired Pairs Shorts Opens Shorted Pairs Crossed Pairs and Split P...

Страница 10: ... DTR None Cable Length Range 0 to 2000 ft 0 to 610 m twisted pair Accuracy 2 ft 0 6 m 2 NVP Uncertainty 0 to 1000 ft 0 to 304 8 m 2 ft 0 6 m 3 NVP Uncertainty 1001 to 2000 ft 305 1 to 610 m NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation 0 5 to 0 99 Cable Fault Types Shorts Opens Intermediate Impedance Anomalies Number Of Faults End Of Cable and two Intermediate Anomalies Fault Threshold User defined 4 to 10 ...

Страница 11: ...IA TSB 67 for Level II Accuracy Power Sum NEXT Tests Power Sum NEXT for all four pairs Tests Power Sum NEXT at both ends Frequency Range 1 to 100 MHz Test Limit Applicable pair to pair NEXT limit Impulse Noise Counts impulse noise hits above a user defined threshold Threshold User defined 100 to 500 mV peak 260 mV default Cable Resistance Twisted Pair Range 0 Ω to 1000 Ω Accuracy 0 5 Ω 0 to 10 Ω 1...

Страница 12: ...t has a built in microphone and earphone jack 2 1 Packing List Contact your supplier if anything is missing or defective Description Part Number 2 SCAN LAN Vts TS699A 2 Modular Plug Performance Modules installed TS691 or TS691E PC Interface Cable AA Alkaline Batteries 8 for each unit installed 2 Battery Eliminators AC Mains Adapter TS694 see NOTE Carrying Case TS695 User s Manual NOTE The Battery ...

Страница 13: ...y Delay Skew and Cable Grading to test emerging new enhanced data cables Cable Toner enables identification of cable at far end 2 2 2 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SCAN LAN VT Stores up to 1000 Autotest results Graphical user interface on the main and remote units allowing test results to be viewed at both ends Backlit LCD display Easy field updates of hardware and software using plug in Performance Mod...

Страница 14: ...the choice that is highlighted Up and down arrows scroll through menus and change cable test standards Also adjusts contrast in conjunction with the backlight control button Function buttons F1 F2 F3 and F4 are software defined Their operation depends on the selected function as indicated by the labels in the display Performance Module plugs in for user selectable cable test configurations ESC ENT...

Страница 15: ... pair reversal test repeatability FUNCTIONS test and flash memory download REMOTE Puts the SCAN LAN Vt into remote mode TRAFFIC Monitors traffic activity on an Ethernet network LENGTH Determines the cable length and up to two intermediate anomalies WIRE MAP Determines pin to pin continuity shield continuity and split pairs QUICK Performs an abbreviated Autotest test sequence as a fast cable instal...

Страница 16: ...ing to various cable types and cable connectors The key to the SCAN LAN Vt s high measurement accuracy is using the proper performance module To remove a module loosen the thumbscrews on either side of the module until the screws are free of the retainers Hold the module on either side and slide it out of the opening refer to Figure 2 3 To install a module slide it into the opening until the screw...

Страница 17: ...he unit automatically powers down 2 3 1 MEMORY STORAGE The SCAN LAN Vt s memory is powered from an internal long life lithium cell Stored test results and setup conditions will therefore be saved when you replace the AA alkaline batteries or rechargeable battery eliminator 2 3 2 CHARGING MODE When the AC Mains adapter is used and the SCAN LAN Vt is powered off the unit goes into a sleep mode With ...

Страница 18: ...ry Replacement 2 3 4 USING THE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ELIMINATOR When installing the battery eliminator insert the battery eliminator with the label side out The battery eliminator is charged by plugging in the external power supply while the SCAN LAN Vt is OFF To charge the batteries turn the SCAN LAN Vt OFF and connect the external power supply The display will show SCAN LAN Vt the serial number o...

Страница 19: ...YS appear for at least a short period at the beginning of the charging process If the battery pack is completely charged the message will then go away If the unit is turned OFF while using the external power supply and the message RECHARGING does not immediately appear the charging function is not working properly Contact your supplier If you have any problems recharging the battery pack or you ha...

Страница 20: ...elections available than can fit on one SCAN LAN Vt screen scroll bars will appear For example in Figure 2 6 the scroll bar appears above Save To use the scroll bar press the arrow keys to move the scroll bar indicator as well as to highlight a new selection Figure 2 6 Sample of Scroll Bar 2 4 3 DISPLAY CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT Hold down the Backlight button and press the arrow keys to set the screen c...

Страница 21: ...e you first use the SCAN LAN Vt you should check SETUP SETUP controls many basic instrument operations such as power down time backlight on time feet meters date time and serial output format Each of these settings has a default value established by the factory To adjust any of these settings refer to Chapter 9 Setup 3 1 1 SETTING UP THE SCAN LAN VT To set up the SCAN LAN Vt 1 Set the remote unit ...

Страница 22: ... For greater measurement accuracy follow the NVP calibration procedure in Chapter 10 Calibration 3 1 3 WHY DO I NEED TO SET CABLE NVP In order to make accurate cable length measurements the correct cable Nominal Velocity of Propagation NVP value must be set in the SCAN LAN Vt The NVP is a measure of how fast an electrical pulse travels down a cable compared to the speed of light NVP is expressed a...

Страница 23: ...ngth measurements and will avoid failing cable segments that are close to the test limit 3 2 Typical Test Setup 3 2 1 BASIC LINK TESTING Figure 3 1 illustrates a typical test setup using a SCAN LAN System to test a Basic Link as defined by TIA EIA TSB 67 Figure 3 1 Typical Setup for Testing a Basic Link NOTE To certify a cable link with Level II accuracy you must test the Basic Link using the SCAN...

Страница 24: ...tified for conformance to the TIA EIA TSB 67 Link Performance Standard however accuracy will be less than Level II requirements for a Basic Link See Appendix A Test Standards for more information TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Outlet or Transition Connector TwoWay Main User s Equipment Cord User s Equipment Cord SCAN LAN Modular Jack Performance Module SCAN LAN Modu...

Страница 25: ...begins testing using the new cable test standard NOTE Refer to Appendix A Test Standards for assistance in choosing an appropriate cable test standard This chapter explains when to select a cable standard and when to select a network standard When using a SCAN LAN Vt System cable standards are compared at both ends If they differ the standard on the remote end will be changed to match that of the ...

Страница 26: ...the custom cable test standard is highlighted press EDIT F2 4 Choose a cable standard to copy from the list of standards by pressing either arrow key Press COPY F4 or ENTER to copy the standard Press SKIP F2 if you are modifying a previously entered custom cable and don t want to copy another standard 5 Press SELECT DESELECT to choose wire pairs and shield Press either arrow key to move up or down...

Страница 27: ...ion the integrity of the SCAN LAN Vt system may be checked by running these tests To pre test your system 1 Connect the main and remote units using a CAT3 coupler or a patch cable 2 Run Self Test 3 Run Pair Reversal 4 Run Repeatability 5 Run Autotest 6 If FAIL occurs on any test result call Technical Support at 412 746 5500 Select Pairs DESELECT PAIR 1 1 2 SAVE PAIR 2 3 6 PAIR 3 4 5 PAIR 4 7 8 F1 ...

Страница 28: ...ay Skew Power Sum NEXT Cable Grading and Resistance Refer to Chapter 6 Cable Test Descriptions for a complete description of these and other tests performed by the SCAN LAN Vt Refer to Chapter 7 Printing Uploading and Viewing Test Results for more information about printing test results and uploading test results to a PC 4 1 Running Autotest 1 Connect one end of cable to the main unit and the othe...

Страница 29: ...ng by pressing the CONTINUE F4 softkey 4 2 Viewing Autotest Results Autotest results are displayed in either summary or detailed mode This section describes a general procedure for reviewing Autotest results including summary screens for Wire Map NEXT Attenuation ACR Length and Propagation Delay tests and detailed test results for NEXT and Attenuation Refer to Chapter 6 Cable Test Descriptions for...

Страница 30: ...lt indicates that a measured NEXT or attenuation value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the SCAN LAN Vt As a result the PASS or FAIL judgment is uncertain and therefore the SCAN LAN Vt cannot determine with confidence whether the link conforms to the Test Standard To resolve link tests with marginal measured results 1 Reduce the measurement unce...

Страница 31: ...ormation about the test results 1 Press DETAIL F3 from the Autotest results screen 2 Press SUMMARY F3 to return to the test result SUMMARY screen 3 Press SAVE F4 or ENTER at any time to save the Autotest results For a discussion of GRAPH F2 refer to Section 6 2 5 4 Press SEND F1 to send results to the remote unit 4 3 Saving Autotest Results Each SCAN LAN Vt can store the results of up to 500 Autot...

Страница 32: ...t follow 3 Press ENTER NOTE Either unit may save up to 500 Autotests giving the SCAN LAN Vt System the capability of saving 1000 Autotests After you have saved 500 Autotests in the main unit you can switch units use the remote as the main unit and save 500 more Autotests CAUTION If you choose a report number that is in use the message In use is displayed The SCAN LAN Vt has no overwrite protection...

Страница 33: ... identifier 2 Press LEFT F1 or RIGHT F4 to move the cursor left or right along the ID line 3 Press PREV F2 or NEXT F3 to enter numeric or alpha characters 4 Press ENTER to save or press ESC to quit without saving After saving a message in the upper right corner of the screen displays the saved report number for example Saved 001 Autotest report details remain available for viewing until the next t...

Страница 34: ...alk can be activated following Autotest or Quick Check or from the Extended Functions menu Press TALK F2 from the Autotest or Quick Check summary screen or select TALK from the Extended Functions menu This will cause the remote to enter the TALK mode 3 When the remote unit enters TALK mode an alert bell will ring Press STOP RING F3 or any other defined function button on the remote unit to stop th...

Страница 35: ...ted as shown below making it easy for the operators to discuss the result 1 From an Autotest Summary Screen send the test result screen to the Remote using the SEND button 2 On the Main unit press the ESC key to return to the overall Autotest summary screen 3 Enter the TALK mode by pressing the TALK button F4 4 On both units a REVIEW F1 softkey is displayed Press REVIEW F1 to view the test result ...

Страница 36: ...N LAN Vt system may be checked by running the tests described below To pre test your system 1 Connect the main and remote units using a CAT3 coupler or a patch cable 2 Run Self Test 3 Run Pair Reversal 4 Run Repeatability 5 Run Autotest 6 If FAIL occurs on any test results call Technical Support for assistance ...

Страница 37: ...elay Skew Power Sum NEXT Cable Grading and Resistance NEXT and Attenuation tests take measurements at a reduced number of test points covering the entire frequency range For this reason Quick Check is not a cable certification test the results cannot be saved 5 1 Running Quick Check 1 Connect one end of the cable to the main unit and the other end to the remote unit 2 Set the remote unit s dial to...

Страница 38: ...t cannot determine with confidence whether the link conforms to the Test Standard The following steps may be taken in order to resolve link tests with marginal measured results 1 Reduce the measurement uncertainty If you are currently using a Level I rated Performance Module PM replace it with a Level II rated PM and retest If the test result is still marginal or if you are already using a Level I...

Страница 39: ...utotest sequence for a certification record 6 1 Wire Map Wire Map checks twisted pair cable for pin to pin and shield continuity and it also checks for split pairs Wire Map is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check It can also be run individually Wire Map tests for reversed pair shorts opens crossed pairs split pairs miswires and shield continuity 6 1 1 RUNNING WIRE MAP 1 Connect one...

Страница 40: ...require all the pairs to be tested However a PASS FAIL determination is based only on the pairs required by the selected cable test standard 6 1 2 VIEWING WIRE MAP RESULTS The results of the Wire Map test are displayed on the SCAN LAN Vt screen The following illustrations show possible wiring faults Crossed Pair Split Pair Reversed Pair ...

Страница 41: ...gnal source NEXT is measured using all pair combinations when testing a twisted pair cable NEXT is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check It is one of the fundamental certification tests for Category 3 4 and 5 UTP cabling It can also be run individually as an Extended Functions test NEXT tests for excessive crosstalk between pairs and proper pair connections ...

Страница 42: ... Set the dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 3 Press ENTER NEXT is the first selection Press the arrow keys to change the cable test standard 4 Press Start F1 to restart NEXT NOTE When the NEXT test is performed both ends are tested 6 2 2 VIEWING NEXT SUMMARY RESULTS The NEXT of each pair combination is compared to the selected cable test standard and PASS or FAIL is indicated F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 43: ...e Module and retest If the test result is still marginal or if you are already using a Level II rated Performance Module go to the next step 2 Recheck the link installation focusing on connection points Refer to Chapter 8 Testing Twisted Pair Cable for suggestions on causes for excessive NEXT Correct the installation if possible and retest 6 2 4 VIEWING DETAILED NEXT RESULTS The worst measured cro...

Страница 44: ...ve the cursor to a new point on the graph The test result at the selected point is displayed below the graph 4 Press PRINT F4 to send a comma separated variable CSV listing of the results to the serial port This outputs a complete listing of all NEXT measurements for all pair combinations 5 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the Summary screen NOTE The test result displayed on the graph is the w...

Страница 45: ...o be run individually The Length test measures length of each pair locates up to two intermediate impedance anomalies and measures propagation delay of each pair NOTE The accuracy of a Length measurement is dependent on the proper cable NVP setting Refer to Chapter 10 Calibration for the procedure to calibrate cable NVP 6 3 1 RUNNING LENGTH TEST 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCA...

Страница 46: ...e to the difference in construction of the individual pairs Length variation from pair to pair will be greater for longer cable lengths 2 An asterisk next to a PASS result indicates that the measured value is close enough to the standard input that it is within the SCAN LAN Vt s measurement uncertainty 3 When measuring spooled and other uninstalled cables the cable length will probably be greater ...

Страница 47: ...pter 9 Setup To view more information about the Length test results 1 Press DETAIL F3 2 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the Length test summary display NOTE Detected impedance changes greater than the Fault Threshold are displayed as anomalies Anom1 and Anom2 Fault Threshold is factory pre set but can be modified in the SETUP menu See Chapter 9 Setup for Fault Threshold changes When the cable...

Страница 48: ...ain unit the signal is one way Attenuation is one of the tests run during Autotest and Quick Check It can also be run individually Attenuation detects one way attenuation of each cable pair poor connections terminations substandard wire and faulty connectors 6 4 1 RUNNING ATTENUATION 1 Set the SCAN LAN Vt dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 2 Press the arrow key to select Attenuation 3 Press ENTER The test...

Страница 49: ...8 SCAN LAN Vt 6 4 2 VIEWING ATTENUATION RESULTS To view the test standard specification values 1 Press SPEC F3 2 Press SEND F1 to restart the Attenuation test F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 Test Specifications ...

Страница 50: ...o the serial port This provides a complete listing of all Attenuation measurements for all pairs 6 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the summary screen 6 4 4 MARGINAL TEST RESULTS A PASS or FAIL result indicates that a measured NEXT or attenuation value is close enough to the Test Standard that it is within the measurement uncertainty of the SCAN LAN Vt As a result the PASS or FAIL judgment is ...

Страница 51: ...tenuation to Crosstalk Ratio ACR is the difference between crosstalk and attenuation measured in dB at a given frequency ACR is computed based upon the measured values of attenuation and NEXT A positive ACR is necessary to assure that a signal at the receiving end of a channel is stronger than the crosstalk interference imposed from adjacent wire pairs ACR is therefore an indication of the expecte...

Страница 52: ...ied in most link test standards such as TIA TSB 67 or network standards such as IEEE 802 3 ISO 11801 requires at least 4 dB of ACR at 100 MHz Hub manufacturers recommend a minimum of 5 dB for reliable data transmission 6 6 Noise Impulse Noise is non repetitive electrical spikes or pulses caused by external electromagnetic fields It is one of the primary causes of inconsistent performance on unshie...

Страница 53: ...6 1 RUNNING NOISE The Noise test runs continuously until stopped by the user 1 If testing a twisted pair cable connect one end of the cable under test to the main unit and the other end to the remote unit Set the remote unit s dial to REMOTE 2 Set the main unit s dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS Scroll through the list of functions until NOISE is highlighted 3 Press ENTER to select the test The test beg...

Страница 54: ...l Test The Pair Reversal Test provides a means to verify the NEXT measurement consistency of the SCAN LAN Vt as recommended by the draft TIA TSB 67 Link Testing Standard In the Pair Reversal Test the NEXT of a link is first measured when transmitting on one pair and receiving on another Then the test is performed again with the transmit and receive pairs reversed The results should agree within th...

Страница 55: ...her cable test standard 6 8 Repeatability Test The Repeatability Test confirms that multiple NEXT measurements are essentially the same The Repeatability Test provides a means to verify the NEXT measurement consistency of the SCAN LAN Vt as recommended by the draft TIA TSB 67 Link Testing Standard In the Repeatability Test NEXT tests are performed twice on the same pair combination and the measure...

Страница 56: ...keys to select another cable test standard 6 9 Impedance Characteristic Impedance is a measure of resistance to AC current flow by a cable Characteristic Impedance is an important attribute of a cable Each cable standard calls for a specific characteristic impedance Use this test to confirm that the cable is of the required type RUNNING IMPEDANCE 1 Connect the SCAN LAN Vt to one end of the cable u...

Страница 57: ...le frequency signal on a cable to enable cable identification by a cable toner probe A modulated 1 KHz signal is injected on pin one 1 Any commercially available Toner Probe can be used to identify the corresponding cable end in a remote wiring location RUNNING CABLE TONER 1 Connect one end of the cable under test to the SCAN LAN Vt 2 Set the dial to EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 3 Press the arrow keys to hi...

Страница 58: ...lay Delay Skew Delay is a measure of the time electrical signals take to propagate from one end of the cable to the other end The difference in propagation delays from one cable pair to another is called Delay Skew The Delay test measures and displays the propagation delay of each wire pair The Delay Skew test measures and displays the difference in propagation delay from each wire pair to the sho...

Страница 59: ...otest or Quick Check for any other cable standard by defining a custom cable standard see Appendix A VIEWING DELAY DELAY SKEW RESULTS At the conclusion of an Autotest or Quick Check 1 Press VIEW F3 to view test results 2 Press the up or down arrow until Delay test summary screen is displayed SAVE DELAY F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 494ns 3 6 502ns 4 5 489ns 7 8 486ns Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Delay Delay Skew...

Страница 60: ...ance Loop Resistance can be derived by adding the resistance for each wire in the pair Resistance can be added to the Autotest suite of tests by defining a Custom Cable standard see Appendix A Resistance can also be run individually via EXTENDED FUNCTIONS 6 12 1 RUNNING RESISTANCE 1 Connect the SCAN LAN Vt to one end of the cable under test 2 Connect the other end of the cable to the Remote Unit 3...

Страница 61: ...yed 1 Press SPEC F3 to view the test standard specification value 2 Press SHIELD F2 to view the resistance of the cable shield 3 Press START F1 to restart the resistance test START SHIELD SPEC RESISTANCE F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 0 0Ω 0 1Ω 0 0Ω 0 0Ω Wire1 Wire2 PASS PASS PASS PASS 0 0Ω 0 0Ω 0 1Ω 0 1Ω F1 F2 F3 F4 Attenuation ACR Noise Impedance Resistance Cable Toner EXTENDED FUNCTIONS Resistance...

Страница 62: ...air to pair NEXT Since Power Sum NEXT is always greater than pair to pair NEXT the Power Sum NEXT test holds the cable up to a higher standard Emerging high speed networks for example 622 Mbps ATM Gigabit Ethernet are using several pairs for transmitting data Power Sum NEXT is an important measure of the crosstalk noise coupled from these transmitters to the receive pair Power Sum NEXT is tested o...

Страница 63: ...display The display indicates the frequency of this measurement the measured value in decibels dB and the test limit To view the details of the Power Sum NEXT test 1 From the Power Sum NEXT summary result screen press DETAIL F3 2 Press SEND F1 to send the results to the remote unit 3 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the summary screen SEND GRAPH SUMMARY SAVE POWER SUM NEXT F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 6 ...

Страница 64: ...CSV listing of the results to the serial port This outputs a complete listing of all Power Sum NEXT measurements for all pairs 5 Press SUMMARY F3 or ESC to return to the Summary screen NOTE The test result displayed on the graph is the worst value found within 1 MHz frequency increments for Category 5 and ISO Class D testing All test results are available and can be output from the SCAN LAN Vt 6 1...

Страница 65: ...ables tested with the enhanced Cat 5 Plus or Class D Plus Cable Test Standards are graded based on Power Sum NEXT performance Cable grading can only be run as part of Autotest and must be enabled To enable cable grading you must create a custom Cable Test standard based on a Cat 5 Cat 5 Plus Class D or Class D Plus Cable Test standard If you want to grade cable based on pair to pair NEXT performan...

Страница 66: ...down arrow key until the NEXT results appear The cable grades for individual wire pairs are displayed If Autotest was run using the enhanced Category 5 Plus or Class D Plus Cable Test standards cables are graded based on Power Sum NEXT To view the cable grades for individual wire pairs press the down arrow until the Power Sum NEXT test results appear at the conclusion of Autotest SEND GRAPH DETAIL...

Страница 67: ...onnect one of the connectors on the other end use either the 9 or the 25 pin connector to a printer or PC NOTE Make sure you do not leave the unit connected to the PC while making measurements Doing so may cause a Wire Map Fail error to occur 7 1 2 ADAPTER CONNECTOR INFORMATION The PC Interface Cable supplied may not be the correct connector to properly connect to all serial printers Use only stra...

Страница 68: ... Press the arrow keys to highlight the test report you wish to print or upload 3 Press PRINT F4 or ENTER 4 Follow the procedure in Section 7 2 5 7 2 2 PRINTING UPLOADING MULTIPLE REPORTS 1 Set dial to PRINT to display the Print menu 2 Press the arrow keys to highlight a test report you wish to print or upload 3 Press SELECT F1 to place a check mark next to the report number F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 69: ...s can also be de selected by highlighting a selected report and pressing DESELECT F1 7 2 3 PRINTING UPLOADING ALL REPORTS 1 Set dial to PRINT to display the Print menu 2 With ALL REPORTS highlighted press SELECT F1 or ENTER 3 Press PRINT F4 or ENTER F1 F2 F3 F4 ALL REPORTS Traffic Report SELECT DELETE VIEW PRINT PRINT F1 F2 F3 F4 001 TEST A 002 ABC 003 004 A97 ...

Страница 70: ...f the test To upload detailed NEXT or Attenuation test results 1 Complete the Autotest individual NEXT or individual Attenuation test 2 Select GRAPH F2 screen from the summary screen 3 Press PRINT F4 NOTE Detailed NEXT and Attenuation test results can only be uploaded to a PC in Comma Separated Variable CSV format Serial port settings baud rate and flow control are determined by SETUP parameters S...

Страница 71: ...comma separated variables CSV suitable for uploading to a computer and importing to a database or spreadsheet 4 Press PRINT F4 to begin print upload 5 To abort a report print out press ESC NOTE Serial port setting changes are automatically stored in nonvolatile memory 7 3 Deleting Test Reports Reports may be deleted from memory by performing these steps 1 Set the dial to PRINT to display the Print...

Страница 72: ...NTER to delete the report After the report is deleted the unit returns to the Print screen or To cancel the DELETE press CANCEL F1 or ESC and return to the Print screen 7 4 Viewing Saved Test Reports To review a saved report 1 Set dial to PRINT to display the Print menu screen 2 Press the arrow keys to highlight the number of the test report you wish to view 3 Press VIEW F3 to view the report 4 Pr...

Страница 73: ...t HH MM SS Rate 00 00 10 336 00 00 11 345 00 00 12 NO LINK 153 00 00 13 NO LINK 0 00 00 14 NO LINK 0 00 00 15 NO LINK 0 00 00 16 NO LINK 0 00 00 17 NO LINK 0 00 00 18 NO LINK 0 00 00 19 NO LINK 66 00 00 20 260 00 00 21 225 00 00 22 321 00 00 23 299 00 00 24 270 00 00 25 325 00 00 26 272 00 00 27 285 00 00 28 299 00 00 29 310 00 00 30 297 00 00 31 273 00 00 32 341 00 00 33 400 00 00 34 C 372 00 00 ...

Страница 74: ...0 45 50 75 100 Packet HH MM SS Rate 00 00 10 336 00 00 11 345 00 00 12 NO LINK 153 00 00 13 NO LINK 0 00 00 14 NO LINK 0 00 00 15 NO LINK 0 00 00 16 NO LINK 0 00 00 17 NO LINK 0 00 00 18 NO LINK 0 00 00 19 NO LINK 66 00 00 20 260 00 00 21 225 00 00 22 321 00 00 23 299 00 00 24 270 00 00 25 325 00 00 26 272 00 00 27 285 00 00 28 299 00 00 29 310 00 00 30 297 00 00 31 273 00 00 32 341 00 00 33 400 0...

Страница 75: ...sted Pair STP and Screened Twisted Pair ScTP Figure 8 1 illustrates the differences in the construction of twisted pair cables Figure 8 1 Twisted Pair Cable Construction Although UTP is one of the most popular cable test standards to install it is also highly susceptible to a variety of failures if the cable is not properly installed The SCAN LAN Vt checks for these possible failures The test or t...

Страница 76: ...wisted Pair ScTP cable 8 2 1 WIRE MAP Wire map is used to test the continuity of a cable and also to check for split pairs Continuity is the electrical connection of a wire from one end of the cable to the other Typically when testing twisted pair cable it s best to have all wires connected straight through Straight through means that pin 1 of the connector on one end is connected to pin 1 of the ...

Страница 77: ...ty wiring errors Figure 8 3 Continuity Wiring Errors In addition to continuity the TIA 568 also specifies which pins are associated with specific wire pairs in the cable When pin to pin continuity is maintained but the proper pairs are not the wiring error is called a Split Pair A Split Pair causes severe Near End Crosstalk NEXT 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 Open ...

Страница 78: ... chart of common wire map problems and suggested solutions is shown below Test Results Possible Solutions Crossed Pair Depending on what the cable is being used for this may be okay A crossed pair cable is common for a 10BASE T application when connecting two hubs Double check the desired specifications for that segment and re terminate the segment to correct the wiring if necessary If the problem...

Страница 79: ... continues it could be a damaged cable SHORT on one or Follow same procedure as for OPEN on one or more of the more of the pairs pairs Remote unit Be sure that the main and remote units are connected to the not connected same cable If correct follow same procedure as searching for OPEN on one or more of the pairs Reversed pair Depending on the application this may be okay Double check the specific...

Страница 80: ...If testing this type you will get a split pair message between 3 6 and 4 5 If a split pair is not expected make sure the cable is twisted pair Using silver satin untwisted cable will also result in split pairs Check the coloring of the wiring at all termination points for proper pairing Correct the wiring as necessary Figure 8 5 Common Wiring Configurations 4 pair cable with USOC pairing Other com...

Страница 81: ... is similar to the problem that occurs in a telephone when you hear another conversation on your line If crosstalk is severe enough the transmitted signal can interfere with the received signal on another wire pair see Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 Crosstalk Between Stations Because crosstalk is measured at the same end of the cable as the signal source the term Near End Crosstalk NEXT is used to describe...

Страница 82: ... 568 A specification states the twists must be maintained to within 0 5 inch 1 27 cm of the termination for Category 5 and within 1 inch 2 5 cm for Category 4 If the twists are not maintained NEXT will increase NEXT also varies with the frequency of the signal but the relationship is not linear Therefore because the NEXT of a cable is within a certain specification at lower frequencies does not gu...

Страница 83: ...good for example 48 dB This means there is a large difference between the transmitted signal and the resulting NEXT A low dB value which is typically referred to as high NEXT is bad for example 20 dB This means NEXT is significant in relation to the transmitted signal The table on the next page describes some common causes of NEXT and their solutions Freq NEXT dB ...

Страница 84: ...e of different standards there are different pair combinations for example USOC EIA TIA etc Double check requirements and rewire if necessary For troubleshooting follow procedure for Split Pair in Section 8 2 1 Use of substandard It is common to make the mistake of using couplers or lower components grade hardware or cable than the minimum expected termination The highest category your installatio...

Страница 85: ...w procedure for NEXT not in the other test fails for one or more pairs to locate fault NEXT test indicates Follow procedure for Split Pair in WIRE MAP section a split pair NEXT test fails Check actual results against expected results Values intermittently may be borderline Simply reterminating a connection could correct the problem Follow procedure for NEXT test fails for one or more pairs to loca...

Страница 86: ...of attenuation and possible solutions Common Causes of Solutions Attenuation Incorrect grade cable Be sure to use the correct grade of cable for the for application specification being tested Lower grade cable can cause greater attenuation Patch cables Patch cables may not be twisted pair A common mistake is to use untwisted telephone wire for data applications Make sure patch cable is data grade ...

Страница 87: ...gory component in your segment The chart below describes some attenuation problems and their possible solutions Test Results Possible Solutions Attenuation test Compare actual to expected values to confirm misconformance fails for one or more pairs Check that the length is within specification in applications where attenuation is a maximum limit only If the cable is too long correct as necessary I...

Страница 88: ... or a cable mismatch and part or all of the signal is reflected back If the cable is properly terminated that is the terminator is equal to the impedance of the cable there will be no reflection of the signal and you will not be able to determine the length Figure 8 10 illustrates the behavior of the electrical signal when it reaches the end of the cable Figure 8 10 Using TDR to Locate Cable Fault...

Страница 89: ...s the speed of signal propagation through a cable expressed as a percentage of the speed of light in a vacuum refer to Figure 8 11 Using the NVP value and the time to receive the returned TDR pulse the SCAN LAN Vt calculates the cable length Figure 8 11 Cable Nominal Velocity of Propagation To obtain the most accurate Length measurement possible you must calibrate your test equipment to the cable ...

Страница 90: ...hreshold value The SCAN LAN Vt also detects impedance anomalies as part of the Length test An anomaly is an impedance mismatch along the cable however an open or a short is considered the end of the cable not an anomaly An anomaly can be caused by a number of conditions including a cable mismatch a cut in the cable a defect in the cable a kink in the cable or a poor connection When the SCAN LAN Vt...

Страница 91: ...ecification the segment should be fine The anomaly threshold was chosen to aid you in cable troubleshooting If you do not want to view the anomalies increase the threshold settings refer to Chapter 9 Setup The length Check that the NVP is correct measurement is not accurate For the most accurate measurement you must calibrate the unit with a sample of the cable SCAN LAN Vt Make sure cable is conne...

Страница 92: ... Check the termination of the cable what it should be If the cable is not connected to the remote unit the termination hardware may automatically loop back pins IBM Type A connectors work this way for example Thus the length is twice the distance of the cable Length says Perform a Wire Map test on the segment 5 feet when the cable is longer If Wire Map shows all pairs are OPEN or SHORT the SCAN LA...

Страница 93: ...ines signals caused by voice lines sharing the same pathway as a data line elevators and industrial type equipment Figure 8 12 Noise The IEEE 802 3 standard for 10BASE T includes an impulse noise specification If you have selected 10BASE T as the cable test standard when performing a noise test the 802 3 requirements are used for pass fail criteria For all other selected cable test standards noise...

Страница 94: ...route voice lines with voice lines to a different cable The table below discusses some common noise problems and their solutions Test Results Possible Solutions Fails noise 10BASE T The cause of the noise is closer to one end than the other from one end but not the other or noise is Perform a LENGTH test from the end that detects the noise much greater to determine if there is an anomaly present m...

Страница 95: ...d in ohms As a test it is used to confirm there are no poor connections that add to the resistance of the segment Many times if the resistance is not within the specification the problem may also show up as excessive attenuation or as an impedance anomaly Although the SCAN LAN Vt uses TDR to measure length Resistance can also be used as a method to measure the length of a cable if you know the rat...

Страница 96: ...more explanation of the EIA TIA TSB 67 Link Performance Standard 8 3 2 CONNECTING THE SEGMENT UNDER TEST CAUTION If you see or hear an OVERVOLTAGE WARNING when connecting to a patch panel or wall plate disconnect the unit immediately You may have connected to a telephone line carrying ringing voltages The SCAN LAN Vt is designed with special protection circuitry that allows it to withstand ringing...

Страница 97: ...nd for end symmetrical NEXT will be different on each end By testing from both directions you can make sure no cable faults were missed If you suspect that you have a noise problem check it from both ends of the cable 8 3 4 INTERPRETING RESULTS 1 When testing a segment with multiple errors do not try to interpret all the results Start with the most obvious problem correct it and then re run the te...

Страница 98: ...r several pairs simultaneously the normal pair to pair NEXT is not indicative of the coupled noise signal into the receive pair Rather the coupled signal is larger due to the multiple transmitters Crosstalk from multiple pairs is illustrated below Figure 8 13 Power Sum NEXT Measurement Calculated Power Sum NEXT compared to pair to pair NEXT for a typical link is shown in Figure 8 14 Power Sum NEXT...

Страница 99: ... measured in decibels a larger value is better and are highly dependent on maintaining the wire twist up to the connector when terminating the cable To minimize Power Sum NEXT you must minimize the NEXT of all pairs Refer to the NEXT table in this chapter for some common causes of excessive NEXT and their solutions Limit Line Power Sum NEXT Pair to Pair NEXT ...

Страница 100: ...h delay can result in data re transmissions ultimately slowing down the network Delay Skew is becoming increasingly important in emerging high speed networks such as 100BASET4 622 Mbps ATM and Gigabit Ethernet To transmit data at these rates these emerging standards use all four cable pairs while transmitting data In order to recombine the data at the other end of the cable these standards require...

Страница 101: ...VP may be incorrect Calibrate NVP and re run the test or Delay Skew Use a higher grade cable higher grade cables typically have lower propagation delays If your cable is identified as 2 2 or 3 1 cable it may have excessive Delay Skew Contact your cable manufacturer ...

Страница 102: ...efault Dec Inc 100 to 500 mV 260 mV PowerDown Dec Inc 2 to 30 min or disabled 5 min BackLight Dec Inc 15 seconds to 10 min 1 min Power Frequency 50 or 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz Baud Rate Dec Inc 1200 to 38 400 baud 9600 baud Flow Control None Xon Xoff Hardware None Xon Xoff Hardware Date Format Month Day Year mm dd yy dd mm yy yy mm dd Time Hour Minute hh mm ss Zero Seconds 24 hour mode only Audible Tone ...

Страница 103: ...Changing Setup Parameters NOTE Changes to the setup parameters are automatically stored in non volatile memory Setup settings are not lost when replacing batteries 9 2 1 LENGTH MEASUREMENT UNITS The Units parameter selects feet or meters for cable length measurements Switch dial to SETUP Highlight Units using the arrow keys Press FEET METERS F4 to change length units F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 104: ...shold value is 7 which corresponds to the worst case allowable impedance discontinuity specified in IEEE 802 3 for coaxial cable Anomalies that are greater than this threshold may impair network transmission Switch dial to SETUP Highlight Fault Thresh using the arrow keys Press DEFAULT F1 to change to the factory default value Press DEC F2 to decrease the fault threshold Press INC F3 to increase t...

Страница 105: ... The default Noise Threshold value is 260 mV which corresponds to the impulse noise specification for 10BASE T Switch dial to SETUP Highlight Noise Thresh using the the arrow keys Press DEFAULT F1 to change to the factory default value Press DEC F2 to decrease the noise threshold Press INC F3 to increase the noise threshold F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 106: ... with the other end when set to remote mode To disable Power Down set the value to Disabled Set dial to SETUP Highlight PowerDown using the the arrow keys Press DEC F2 to shorten the time until power down Press INC F3 to lengthen the time until power down CAUTION Auto power down is automatically disabled during the Traffic and Noise tests Use the AC Mains adapter to power the SCAN LAN Vt for exten...

Страница 107: ...light should be used sparingly as it reduces the number of operation hours on a set of batteries or a battery charge Set dial to SETUP Highlight BackLight using the arrow keys Press DEC F2 to shorten the time that the backlight remains on Press INC F3 to lengthen the time that the backlight remains on F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 108: ... Mains power source Proper setting of Power Frequency will avoid display flicker caused by the interaction of the LCD display with room light sources It is also used to filter noise from some measurements Set dial to SETUP Highlight Power Frequency using the the arrow keys Press 60Hz 50Hz F4 to change the power frequency setting F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 109: ...put baud rate with that of the printer or PC The default setting is 9600 baud which is the most common serial printer input baud rate Set dial to SETUP Highlight BAUD RATE using the arrow keys Press DEC F2 to decrease the baud rate Press INC F3 to increase the baud rate F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 110: ...to control data flow between the SCAN LAN Vt and the printer or PC The default setting is the HARDWARE flow control setting Other available settings are XON XOFF and NONE Set dial to SETUP Highlight FLOW CONTROL using the arrow keys Press HARDWARE F4 XON XOFF F2 or NONE F1 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 111: ...date on output test reports There are three available date formats mm dd yy default dd mm yy or yy mm dd Set dial to SETUP Highlight Date using the the arrow keys Press FORMAT F1 to change the date format Press MONTH to change the month Press DAY to change the date Press YEAR to change the year F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 112: ... maintains a 24 hour time clock Use the 0 SEC F4 softkey to zero the seconds Set dial to SETUP Highlight Time using the arrow keys Press HOUR F2 to change the hour Press MINUTE F3 to change the minutes Press 0 SEC F4 to zero the seconds F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 113: ...ible tones that are created at the end of tests and that are generated during Traffic and Noise tests A different audible tone is created for Pass and Fail test results Set dial to SETUP Highlight Audible Tones using the arrow keys Press ON OFF F4 to enable or disable the tones F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 114: ...audible tones that are generated during Traffic and Noise tests as activity indicators Traffic Noise tones are automatically disabled when the Audible Tones parameter is disabled Set dial to SETUP Highlight Traffic Noise Tone using the arrow keys Press ON OFF F4 to enable or disable the tone F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 115: ...ong Set dial to SETUP Highlight Co using the arrow keys Press MODIFY F4 or ENTER to modify the name Press LEFT F1 or RIGHT F4 to move the cursor Press PREV F2 or NEXT F3 to enter letters or numbers Hold down the soft key to accelerate scrolling of characters Press ENTER to save the new name F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 116: ...NE F1 BLANK F2 NEXT F3 or SAME F4 NONE No Circuit ID is allowed Reports are identified only by number BLANK User can enter Circuit ID starting with nothing SAME User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used NEXT User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used but with the last character incremented SETUP Circuit Names Audible Tones Traf Noise Tones Co Auto Toner F1 F2 F3 F4 NEX...

Страница 117: ...le sequences ID ABY ID AB8 ID ABZ ID AB9 ID ACA ID AC0 9 2 15 AUTO TONER Setting Auto Toner ON activates the Cable Toner feature whenever the unit is set to Quick Check or Autotest and a remote is not attached Set dial to SETUP Press ON OFF F4 to enable or disable automatic tone generation SETUP Audible Tones Traf Noise Tones Co Circuit Names F1 F2 F3 F4 ON NEXT Reset To Defaults Auto Toner ON OFF...

Страница 118: ...N Vt s internal settings to their factory default settings Set dial to SETUP Highlight Reset to Defaults using the arrow keys Press SETUP F2 to reset all set up parameters to their default values refer to Table 9 1 Press NVPs F3 to reset all NVP values to their default values as shown in Appendix B F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 119: ...F2 NEXT F3 or SAME F4 NONE No Circuit ID is allowed Reports are identified only by number BLANK User can enter Circuit ID starting with nothing SAME User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used NEXT User can enter Circuit ID starting with the last ID used but with the last character incremented Audible Tones Circuit Names Traf Noise Tones Co Auto Toner Reset To Defaults OFF NEXT OFF OF...

Страница 120: ... string length is not changed on overflow but the character to the left is incremented Letters increment to letters XYZABC and numbers increment to numbers 0123456789012 Example sequences ID ABY ID ABZ ID ACA ID AB8 ID AB9 ID AC0 ...

Страница 121: ...l cable to be tested is the more accurate of the two procedures 10 1 1 USING A KNOWN LENGTH OF CABLE To measure and save the NVP of a known length of cable perform the following steps 1 Set dial to CAL 2 Select NVP from the calibration menu and press CAL F4 or ENTER Press arrow keys to change the cable test standard and press SAVE F4 or ENTER 3 Connect a known length of sample cable to the SCAN LA...

Страница 122: ...u do not have a known length of cable available but can identify the cable manufacturer and part number you may be able to determine the rated cable NVP and load that NVP value into the SCAN LAN Vt Many common cable NVPs are listed in Appendix B Common NVP Values To load a known NVP value 1 Set dial to CAL 2 Select NVP from the calibration menu and press CALIBRATE F4 or ENTER F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F3 ...

Страница 123: ...ignal propagation rate from cable to cable This potential length error usually will not impair troubleshooting of a cable segment that used to work unless the length measurement of a cable is close to the test limit for example 100 meters on a 10BASE T segment When using the SCAN LAN Vt for cable certification determine the true cable NVP and save the value This will give you the most accurate cab...

Страница 124: ...librate menu 6 When the test is finished the screen returns to the Calibrate menu NOTE In order to ensure correct calibration be sure to switch the roles of both units and repeat the procedure above To verify the calibration 1 Connect the main unit to the CAT 3 calibration coupler using the Modular Plug Performance Module 2 Connect the remote unit to the open end of the CAT 3 calibration coupler u...

Страница 125: ...dular Jack Module thus allowing change from one Performance Module to the other without need for recalibration If a Performance Module is replaced with another of the same type however calibration of the new Performance Module should be performed A Calibration Standard is available for convenient field calibration of twisted pair Performance Modules This Standard also enables you at any time to pe...

Страница 126: ...across the bottom of the display will show the progress of the calibration Press CANCEL F1 or ESC to cancel the calibration procedure 8 After approximately 45 seconds the SCAN LAN Vt will display the message Connect To JACK 3 Remove the plug from JACK 2 and insert it into JACK 3 9 Press CONTINUE F4 or ENTER The message CALIBRATING will be displayed and the bar graph across the bottom of the displa...

Страница 127: ...CE in the CALIBRATE menu by using the arrow keys 3 Press CALIBRATE F4 or ENTER The Calibrate Impedance screen will appear with the displayed message Connect to Jack 1 4 Connect the SCAN LAN Vt to JACK 1 of the Calibration Standard Use the supplied Category 5 Patch Cord for connecting a Modular Jack Performance Module to the Calibration Standard 5 Press START F4 or ENTER The message CALIBRATING wil...

Страница 128: ...n should be performed whenever a different Performance Module is installed To calibrate Resistance 1 Connect the SCAN LAN Vt to the Remote Unit 2 Set the dial to CAL 3 Highlight Resistance in the Calibrate menu by using the arrow keys 4 Press CALIBRATE F4 or ENTER The Calibrate Resistance screen will appear The bar graph across the bottom of the display will show the progress of the calibration 5 ...

Страница 129: ...For 10BASE T networks the SCAN LAN Vt automatically generates link pulses to activate the hub and reports whenever a link state with the hub is lost Because the Traffic test runs continuously use the AC Mains adapter if the test is to be run for an extended period The SCAN LAN Vt s Traffic test reports Network utilization percentage peak traffic and collisions The Traffic test also detects Jabber ...

Страница 130: ...ic over the duration of the test Collisions Shows the current collisions rate over the last second expressed as a percentage of total packets transmitted Collisions are counted when runt packets shorter than a valid minimum packet length are detected Collision rates exceeding 3 may indicate a faulty station or network interface card or an excessively long cable segment Last Error Identifies detect...

Страница 131: ...y hub or cable link connected to the hub Wrong polarity Indicates possible miswire of cable link or hub port caused by tip ring reversal on a wire pair Jabber Indicates illegal packet length of greater than 20 ms was received This suggests a faulty network interface card Figure 11 1 Traffic Test Results Screen Wrong Polarity Figure 11 2 Traffic Test Results Screen No Link Pulse F1 F2 F3 F4 F1 F2 F...

Страница 132: ...1 3 Traffic Test Results Screen Jabber Detected NOTE The Error Since message indicates the time when the present traffic error began The Last Error message indicates the time since the last error occurred There is no current error present F1 F2 F3 F4 ...

Страница 133: ... the test results If the self test fails make a note of which test fails and contact your supplier If the SCAN LAN Vt passes the self test but still does not perform properly perform the calibration procedure refer to Chapter 10 Calibration If you continue to experience problems make a note of the circumstances and print a cable report if applicable Then call your supplier You must obtain a Return...

Страница 134: ...stems Bulletin 67 TSB 67 also defines two installed cabling test configurations the Channel and the Basic Link The primary difference between the Channel and the Basic Link configurations is that the Channel includes the user s patch cords and equipment cords used to connect to the workstation at the office end and to the communications distribution equipment hub at the wiring closet The Basic Lin...

Страница 135: ...l test setup using two SCAN LAN Vt to test a Basic Link TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Outlet or Transition Connector TwoWay Main TwoWay Remote Horizontal Wiring Cross Connect Patch Panel Wall Outlet or Transition Connector TwoWay Main User s Equipment Cord User s Equipment Cord SCAN LAN Modular Jack Performance Module SCAN LAN Modular Plug Performance Module SCAN L...

Страница 136: ...vel I accuracy with the Modular Jack Performance Module or it can be tested to Level II accuracy with the Modular Plug Performance Module Level II is higher in performance than Level I It is not possible to attain Level II accuracy using the Modular Jack Performance Module Table A 1 Attenuation Frequency MHz Category 3 dB Category 4 dB Category 5 dB Channel Link Channel Link Channel Link 1 4 2 3 2...

Страница 137: ...ance 100 25Ω Split Pair NEXT 20 dB 8 to 10 MHz Resistance 9 9Ω A 5 ISO IEC Test Limits Cabling System performance criteria have been established Internationally by the ISO IEC Standards body in the ISO IEC 11801 Standard The 11801 Standard establishes two applications referred to as Class C and Class D Cabling Links supporting Class C applications are specified up to 16 MHz Cabling Links supportin...

Страница 138: ...cy Max Attenuation Values dB Min NEXT Loss dB MHz Class C Class D Class C Class D 1 3 7 2 5 39 54 4 6 6 4 8 29 45 10 10 7 7 5 23 39 16 14 9 4 19 36 20 N A 10 5 N A 35 31 25 N A 13 1 N A 32 62 5 N A 18 4 N A 27 100 N A 23 2 N A 24 Table A 5 ISO 11801 Class C Class D ACR Test Limits Frequency MHz Minimum ACR dB Class C Class D 1 35 3 4 22 4 40 10 12 3 35 16 5 30 20 28 31 25 23 62 5 13 100 4 ...

Страница 139: ...e identical to the pair to pair test limit of the base cable standard All other test limits are the same A 7 IEEE Twisted Pair Test Limits IEEE 802 3 and 802 5 Standards specify cabling performance required for proper operation of Ethernet and Token Ring networks respectively SCAN LAN Vt checks against the following limits when those wiring systems are invoked from the menu These systems can be te...

Страница 140: ...MHz 26 dB 10 MHz NEXT 26 15log f 10 where f signal frequency in MHz Attenuation 11 5 dB Split Pair NEXT 20 dB 8 to 10 MHz Table A 8 4 Mbps Token Ring UTP Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Resistance 9 9 Ω Characteristic Impedance 100 25 Ω NEXT 31 dB 5 MHz 28 dB 8 MHz 26 dB 10 MHz Attenuation 7 dB 5 MHz 9 dB 8 MHz 10 dB 10 MHz Split Pair NEXT 20 dB 8 to 10 MHz ...

Страница 141: ...MHz Table A 10 Token Ring STP Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 150 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT 35 dB Attenuation Between 1 and 16 MHz Attenuation 8 5 dB Split Pair NEXT 20 dB 8 to 10 MHz Resistance 7 Ω Table A 11 100BASE TX Pass Fail Limits Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT Category 5 Channel Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz ...

Страница 142: ...and TP PMD REV Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT Category 5 Channel Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz Attenuation Category 5 Channel Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω Table A 14 ISO 11801 Class C Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT ISO 11801 Class C Limits A...

Страница 143: ...P Class C Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 16 MHz NEXT ISO 11801 Class C Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 16 MHz Attenuation ISO 11801 Class C Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω Table A 17 ScTP Class D Pass Fail Limits Length 100 meters Characteristic Impedance 100 25Ω NEXT Between 1 and 100 MHz NEXT ISO 11801 Class D Limits Attenuation Be...

Страница 144: ...nd 100 MHz NEXT Category 5 Limits Attenuation Between 1 and 100 MHz Attenuation Category 5 Limits Split Pair 20 dB Resistance 9 9Ω A 8 Defining Custom Standards Existing cable test standards can be modified to create additional custom standards Custom Standards that have been defined by the user are then available as Cable Standards and are identified by asterisks The tests performed and the PASS ...

Страница 145: ... that will be performed Press either arrow key to move up or down the list Selected tests indicated by a mark will be included in the custom test 5 Press PAIRS F2 to select which wire pairs will be included in the tests twisted pair cables CANCEL PAIRS DESELECT SAVE Select Tests F1 F2 F3 F4 REMOTE SEARCH WIRE MAP LENGTH DELAY DELAY SKEW Requires TwoWay Remote EDIT PGDM SELECT Change Cable Standard...

Страница 146: ... change the name move through the name with the LEFT and RIGHT keys and select new characters with the PREV and NEXT keys 9 Press ENTER to save the custom cable test standard NOTE When using the Two Way System matching custom cable definitions must be created on both units LEFT PREV NEXT RIGHT CAT5 Basic Link nn F1 F2 F3 F4 ENTER CABLE NAME Press ENTER to Save CANCEL TESTS DESELECT SAVE Select Pai...

Страница 147: ...ken Ring STP 78 Token Ring 4 UTP 60 Token Ring 16 UTP 69 10BASE T 62 100BASE TX 72 100BASE T4 58 TP PMD 72 TP PMD Rev 72 ScTP Class C 62 ScTP Class D 72 ATM 155 Mbps 72 FTP 120 Ohms 72 ScTP Class C 62 ScTP Class D 72 TP PMD Rev 72 ATM 155 Mbps 72 FTP 120 Ohms 72 ISO 11801 Class C 62 ISO 11801 Class D 72 The following table lists the characteristic impedance and nominal NVP for several manufacturer...

Страница 148: ...69 Belden 1250A 3 100 62 Berk Tek LAN Grade PL PVC 3 100 58 Berk Tek LAN Grade PL FEP 3 100 72 Berk Tek LAN Grade NP 3 100 69 Brand Rex CMP 00026 4F 3 100 60 CommScope 3504 3 100 68 Alpha 9404C 4 100 67 Alpha 9404F 4 100 73 AT T 2041A 4 100 75 Belden 1455A 4 100 72 Belden 1457A 4 100 75 Belden 1555A 4 100 72 Belden 1456A 4 100 71 Belden 1458A 4 100 75 Brand Rex CMP 00025 4F 4 100 71 72 CommScope 4...

Страница 149: ...148 SCAN LAN Vt Manufacturer Part No Category Impedance Ω NVP Berk Tek HYPER Grade PL 5 100 72 Berk Tek HYPER Grade NP 5 100 69 Berk Tek LANmark PL 5 100 72 Berk Tek LANmark NP 5 100 70 ...

Страница 150: ...ng accessories may be ordered separately from your supplier ACCESSORY PART NO Modular Jack Performance Module TS692 Coax Performance Module TS693 Battery Eliminator Rechargeable NiMH TS694 Carrying case softside TS695 Appendix C Optional Accessories ...

Страница 151: ...dures carefully including re calibration and testing D 2 Equipment CABLE REQUIRED Preferred Pre tested replacement cable from Black Box These cables have been tested for Near End Cross Talk and other critical parameters and have had wire ends prepared for direct installation Or EIA TIA T568A Category 5 patch cord 8 ft length cut in two Or 4 ft Category 5 patch cord with one connector removed TOOLS...

Страница 152: ...ive electronics inside the main body Ground yourself appropriately to avoid damage For the steps listed below refer to Figure D 1 2 Remove the two 11 16 inch 4 40 pan head screws from the Performance Module with a flat blade screwdriver 3 Work the grommet through the hole in the case toward the circuit board Move the grommet and the circuit board until both are free of the case TIE WRAP GROMMET IN...

Страница 153: ...OTE This procedure assumes that you are using EIA TIA T568A type patch cord See Table D 1 for other possible configurations If changing cable types it may be necessary to contact Technical Support for calibration assistance Read all instructions before starting cable preparation Figure D 2 Cable Preparation per EIA TIA T568A 78 INCHES 2 METERS MAXIMUM 1 12 28 mm 4 PLCS 1 WIRE IN ACCORDANCE WITH EI...

Страница 154: ... from the end most wire twists clockwise as it approaches the wire s end 3 Arrange the cable and wire pairs as shown in Figure D 2 Do not untwist the pairs any more than required to strip the wire ends 4 Cut the two inner wire pairs orange and blue for EIA TIA T568A to 11 8 inches 28 mm from the jacket 5 If using ScTP cut the bare drain wire to 1 inch 25 mm 6 Remove insulation 1 4 inch 6 mm from t...

Страница 155: ...e that each pair twist is correct and that the four wire pairs exit radially from the cable jacket as before Rotate the entire cable so the fan of wires is flat and parallel to the circuit board 4 Slide the grommet until 1 32 inch 0 8 mm or less of cable jacket is exposed see Figure 1 1 Rotate the grommet so that its flats are parallel with the circuit board when the fanned wires are flat to the c...

Страница 156: ...ng NOTE If using ScTP the drain wire must not short against the circuit shield nor the case if case is copper painted Shorten the drain wire by cutting as required to accomplish clearance 7 Reinstall the 4 40 screws from the open side of the case Make sure the screws extend through the circuit board and into the plastic of the case 8 Reinstall the Performance Module in the SCAN LAN Vt body by alte...

Страница 157: ...ter and make sure the twists extend as close as possible to the screw terminals Sometimes moving the pairs is all that is required Many CAT 5 patch cables have too much NEXT due to the way they are terminated at the plug end You may need to try several before finding one that passes this test Pre tested cables are available from Black Box 2 Calibrate Remote Follow the Remote Unit Calibration proce...

Страница 158: ...re If a T568B UTP cable is used use the T568B wire connections to T568A 110 Pair 3 Green White Green Pair 2 White Orange Orange Pair 1 BLue White BLue Pair 4 White BRown BRown to T568B 110 Pair 2 Orange White Orange Pair 3 White Green Green Pair 1 BLue White BLue Pair 4 White BRown BRown to T568A BIX Pair 3 Orange Blue Pair 2 Black Yellow Pair 1 Red Green Pair 4 Brown Gray to T568B BIX Pair 2 Yell...

Страница 159: ...ttached Resources Computing Network A token bus developed by Datapoint ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode A high speed packet switching method Attenuation Reduction in the strength or power of a signal as it travels over the length of a cable Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio ACR An indication of the reliability of data communications through a network It is a computed value based upon the measured value...

Страница 160: ...f received bits in error to the total received bits Binary A signaling method that uses two states either zero or one Bit Binary digit the smallest unit of data Bits per Second bps A measurement of the speed of data transmission Block A connection system for cross connecting twisted pair telecommunication cable Also called punchdown block Common types include AT T 110 and 66 blocks BNC Bayonet Nei...

Страница 161: ...nherent characteristic of the cable A measure of resistance to AC current flow high frequency by a long cable Cheapernet A nickname for 10BASE2 or ThinNet a coax based Ethernet network Coaxial Coax Cable A cable that contains a single center copper conductor surrounded by insulation material and one or more layers of metal foil or braided wire mesh plus an outer protective jacket Collision The res...

Страница 162: ... of the cable to the other end Delay Skew The difference in propogation delays from one cable pair to another Differential Manchester Encoding A digital signaling technique with a transition in the middle of the bit to provide clocking Drop Cable In 10BASE5 networks a cable connecting a workstation network interface card NIC with the transmission medium Sometimes called Attachment Unit Interface A...

Страница 163: ...tz cycles per second Full Duplex Transmission of data in both directions at the same time Gateway A device that interconnects two or more networks that may use different protocols and media Hertz Hz Unit of measure for frequency in cycles per second cps Horizontal Cable The part of a building s cabling that extends from and includes the telecommunications outlet in the work area to the telecommuni...

Страница 164: ...length greater than 20 milliseconds Jack EIA standard modular connector for connecting twisted pair cables at a wall plate or patch panel Jacket The outside protective covering of a cable Jitter The time based variation of the received data bits Jumper Cable Short cable for interconnecting connecting blocks or patch panels Also called patch cord or patch cable LAN Local Area Network A data communi...

Страница 165: ...al carrier of the data being transmitted for example twisted pair cable coaxial cable or fiber Modular Jack EIA standard receptacle connector used for connecting twisted pair cables at a wall plate patch panels and station equipment Sometimes called RJ 45 jack Modular Plug EIA standard connector used to terminate twisted pair patch cables and equipment cables Sometimes called RJ 45 plug MSAU Multi...

Страница 166: ...bits in a defined format containing data and control information used for transmission from one node to another Pair Two wires in a multi wired cable that are used as a single transmission path Passive Concentrator A type of Multi Station Access Unit MSAU used to connect stations to a Token Ring network without signal regeneration Patch Cable A short length of cable with modular plug connectors at...

Страница 167: ...t that impedes the flow of current measured in ohms Reversed Pair Twisted pair wiring error in which the polarity of one wire pair is reversed at one end of the link Also called tip ring reversal Ring A LAN topology in which data is passed from station to station via a loop Also the designation for one conductor of a twisted pair cable RJ 45 Registered Jack An eight position telephone type connect...

Страница 168: ... end crosstalk that is coupled into the pair Signal to Noise SNR The logarithmic ratio of the received signal to any noise Silver Satin Flat untwisted telephone station wire Also called quad wire Split Pair A twisted pair wiring error in which pin to pin continuity is maintained but physical pairs are separated Star A physical layout of a LAN that uses a centralized wiring location Starlan A LAN n...

Страница 169: ...cable Token A sequence of bits transmitted over a Ring or Bus network used to signify permission to transmit TP PMD Twisted Pair Physical Media Dependent A variation of the FDDI standard ANSI X3T9 5 adapted for 100 Mbps data transmission on twisted pair cable Also called CDDI Traffic Data transmission activity on a network Transceiver A station access unit for coax networks Transceiver Cable A cab...

Страница 170: ...ation Voltage The potential difference between two points Wide Area Networks WAN Networks usually in the public domain that tie together widely separated computing devices or LANs Wiring Closet A room used to interconnect horizontal cable links and locate communication distribution equipment Also called telecommunications closet Word Data bits assembled in a convenient processing size Workstation ...

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