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TUBE COMPOSER T1952

ideo tape

Compact Disc

Analog records

FM Radio

Digital tape (16 Bit)

Analog tape

100

analog Mixing console

Fig. 4.8: Dynamic range of various media

5. INSTALLATION

5.1 Rack mounting

The BEHRINGER TUBE COMPOSER fits into one standard 19" rack unit of space (3 1/2" / 89.5 mm). Please

allow at least an additional 4" depth for the connectors on the back panel. Be sure that there is enough air

space around the unit for cooling and please do not place the TUBE COMPOSER on high temperature devices

such as power amplifiers etc. to avoid overheating.

5.2 Mains connection

The mains connection of the TUBE COMPOSER is made by using a mains cable and a standard IEC

receptacle. It meets all of the international safety certification requirements.

Please make sure that all units have a proper ground connection. For your own safety, it is

advisable not to remove the ground connection within the units or at the supply, or fail to

make this connection at all.

Before you switch on the unit, check that it is configured to match your AC mains voltage requirements. If it

does not comply, then it is necessary to switch the operating voltage to the correct supply requirements

BEFORE turning on the unit, otherwise the unit could be severely damaged. You will find this combined fuse

holder/voltage selector at the back, adjacent to the IEC receptacle.

IMPORTANT: This does not apply for

general export models which are built for one operating voltage only.

The AC voltage selection is defined by the position of the fuse holder. If you intend to change the operating

voltage, remove the fuse holder and twist it by 180 degrees before you reinsert it. Matching the two markers

monitors the selected voltage.

If the unit is switched to another operating voltage, the fuse rating must be changed. See the

technical specifications in the appendix.

A safety fuse protects the unit from serious defects. If the fuse blows, this is a warning sign and always

indicates that the circuit is overloaded. The fault must always be repaired before the fuse is replaced. If the

safety fuse is faulty and needs replacing after the unit is repaired, please make sure that you replace it only

with the identical type and rating. NEVER use fuses of different ratings or cover faulty fuses with aluminium foil.

This can cause fire and electric shocks and will endanger your life and the lives of others.

5.3 Audio connections

As standard, the BEHRINGER TUBE COMPOSER is installed with electronically servo-balanced inputs and

outputs. This circuit design features automatic hum and noise reduction for balanced signals and thus allows

5. INSTALLATION

Содержание Tube Composer T1952

Страница 1: ...TUBE COMPOSER T1952 www behringer com Version 1 1 October 2001 User s Manual ENGLISH ...

Страница 2: ... appliances including amplifiers that produce heat Power Source The appliance should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the appliance Grounding or Polarization Precautions should be taken so that the grounding or polarization means of an appliance is not defeated Power Cord Protection Power supply cords should be routed so that t...

Страница 3: ...n the eyes of the many interested musicians at the Music Fair 1997 when they saw our VINTAGER models for the first time was a lasting incentive driving our development efforts It is our philosophy to share our joy with you because you are the most important member of the BEHRINGER family With your highly competent suggestions for new products you ve greatly contributed to shaping our company and m...

Страница 4: ...Control peak limiter combines the clipper and the program limiter approach to provide a zero attack limiting for setting maximum allowable level with minimal distortion s Switchable side chain input monitor and high pass filter s Highly accurate metering for input level output level and gain reduction s True RMS stereo link selectable s High performance VCA s and ultra low noise 4580 audio operati...

Страница 5: ...COMPOSER as a sound effects unit 20 3 4 The TUBE COMPOSER in mastering 20 3 5 The TUBE COMPOSER in broadcast 20 3 6 Side chain 21 3 6 1 The TUBE COMPOSER as De Esser 21 3 6 2 Frequency selective filtering of unwanted signals 21 3 6 3 Suppressing instruments during recording 22 3 6 4 Emphasizing musical instruments during recording 22 3 6 5 Anticipated compression 22 3 6 6 Voice Over compression du...

Страница 6: ...cations ensure both extreme packing density and greater reliability The TUBE COMPOSER is manufactured under ISO9000 certified management system Please keep the manual after reading in order to use it for future reference 1 1 The concept IKA Interactive Knee Adaptation compressor Our proven IKA Interactive Knee Adaptation circuitry successfully combines the concept of a Hard Knee compressor with th...

Страница 7: ...nals correction 6 dB Transformer balanced outputs optional In contrast to electronic balancing the use of transformer balanced outputs offers the advantage of galvanic separation between units Electrical potential differences and ground loops in audio installations do not there fore impair the performance of the units The transformer balanced outputs commonly used in radio and TV engineering can a...

Страница 8: ... value Adjust this control so that music signal can pass but that noise is faded out The THRESHOLD can be set with the help of the LED above the control When the signal falls below the threshold lights up signalling that the expander is attenuating the signal If the LED lights up the signal level is above the set THRESHOLD value and the signal is not processed by the expander 3 The RATIO control i...

Страница 9: ...ase of the output signal by a maximum of 20 dB Thus a level loss due to the compression or limiting process can be compensated for By comparing the input and output signal after compression you can set the optimum value Set the output level so that the processed and unprocessed signals have equally loud signal peaks The nominal level of the compressed signal will then be louder than the original P...

Страница 10: ... than 20 ms the overall level is reduced for about 1 second to avoid heavy and thus audible signal distortion When you use the peak limiter as a protective device against signal peaks the THRESHOLD control should be set in combination with the OUTPUT control in the compressor section so that the peak limiter responds rarely or not at all Thus only real signal peaks will activate the limiter circui...

Страница 11: ...h the OPERATING LEVEL switch you can adapt the TUBE COMPOSER to various operating levels i e you can select both the 10 dBV home recording level and the professional studio level of 4 dBu The level meters are referenced automatically to the selected level i e an optimum operating range of the meters will always be ensured 30 SC SEND This is the unbalanced side chain output which allows for routing...

Страница 12: ...s is defined as peak limiter Clipping In contrast to the two previously mentioned limiters the clipping mode features infinitely fast control times an infinite compression ratio and creates an unsurpassable barrier brickwall for all signals above a certain level To be able to control the signal peaks the clipping function radically cuts signals above the threshold without affecting the amplitude o...

Страница 13: ...ELEASE switch SLOW REL RATIO control of the expander section 1 2 IN OUT switch IN SC EXT switch OFF SC MON switch OFF THRESHOLD control of the compressor section 20 dB AUTO switch AUTO OUTPUT control 0 dB LIMITER control OFF WARMTH control COLD Tab 2 1 Basic settings of the expander gate section Begin with very low threshold levels so that the signal can pass through the unit unaffected Now turn t...

Страница 14: ...ld point provided that the OUTPUT control is in the 0 dB position Please note that the compression of the entire program material achieved by low threshold settings sounds less natural with higher ratio settings Ratio settings in the range of 4 1 and lower effect the dynamics of the program material less and are often used to compress the sound of a bass guitar a snare drum or vocals Sensitive and...

Страница 15: ...sually in the bass region causing the compressor to react mostly to the bass When the compressor identifies a strong bass signal the gain must be reduced according to the settings of the compressor When high frequencies are present they will also be reduced This is why a highly compressed drum kit sounds muffled the cymbals are drowned out by the bass and toms This also happens to ambient noise li...

Страница 16: ...PUT level in the compressor section If this results in an unwanted reduction of the sound pressure level it is also possible to increase the compression You can do this by either lowering the threshold or increasing the compression ratio After that you can set the desired loudness using the OUTPUT control 2 5 The side chain function The BEHRINGER TUBE COMPOSER offers an exceptionally usable extern...

Страница 17: ...one Most cardioids exhibit a sharply rising off axis response characteristic at higher frequencies If there is only a 2 or 3 dB difference between the on axis and off axis response in the 5 to 10 kHz region cymbals may leak excessively into the tom mics and you may have hi hat spilling all over the snare mic Please make full use of the directional characteristic of the mics to acoustically exclude...

Страница 18: ...cessing vocals When specifically used with a compressor the distance and position of the mic in relation to the singer is very critical the further the distance the more sensitive the mic is to background noise Use the expander gate section in the slow release mode to inaudibly eliminate background noise that occurs in pauses between singing When used in live situations leakage of miked instrument...

Страница 19: ...lifier s like the BEHRINGER MULTICOM PRO MDX4400 3 2 4 Improving the sound of a processor system An electronic crossover divides the total frequency spectrum in separate bands thus correcting the single units frequency responses and time alignments A processor system is a PA system which contains a special active crossover with additionally dynamic functions that monitor the system performance and...

Страница 20: ...B should not be limited otherwise side effects could become audible 2 Therefore in addition you should also use compression It is recommended that the compression is limited to the first 6 dB of the dynamic range only A high threshold level in addition to the auto mode will give good results This effect is particularly noticeable with DAT recorders whose level indicators achieve a response time of...

Страница 21: ... centre frequencies of the equalizer are then adjusted exactly to match the frequencies of the sibilant sounds All other frequencies are filtered out so that with maximum attenuation of these frequency bands along with a correctly adjusted threshold point the unit responds solely to the selected signal being produced by the equalizer The level of the sibilant sounds can therefore be effectively li...

Страница 22: ...layback 3 6 6 Voice Over compression ducking The BEHRINGER TUBE COMPOSER can be used to automatically reduce music to a background level when a presenter is speaking through a microphone For this purpose the BEHRINGER TUBE COMPOSER is used as an automatic fader and is controlled by the presenter s microphone which is connected to the SC RETURN input via a pre amplifier The music output and the ann...

Страница 23: ...rence sound pressure of 0 00002 Pa p2 the sound pressure in Pa produced by the sound source to be calculated log decimal logarithm As can be seen human hearing has a very wide dynamic range of about 130 dB which surpasses the range of a DAT or CD player with an approximate range of 96 dB From a physical point of view a 3 dB boost corresponds to an increase in power by the factor 2 However the huma...

Страница 24: ...oor and thus represents the bottom limit of the transmission range The upper limit is determined by the levels of the internal operating voltages if they are exceeded audible signal distortion is the result Although in theory the usable dynamic range sits between these two limits it is considerably smaller in practice since a certain reserve must be maintained to avoid distortion of the audio sign...

Страница 25: ...maximum output of a limiter will always be equal to the threshold level Generally threshold levels for compressors are set below the normal operating level to allow for the upper dynamics to be musically compressed For limiters the threshold point is set above the normal operating level so that it only intervenes to protect subsequent equipment from signal overload The speed or rather time setting...

Страница 26: ...e goodies produce a higher noise floor than modern transistor based devices As a consequence you can find a variety of tube based microphones equalizers pre amps and compressors in today s recording and mastering environments The combination of semiconductor and tube technologies gives you the additional possibility of using the best of both worlds while being able to make up for their specific dr...

Страница 27: ...node a current flow is not possible because the unheated anode emits more or less no electrons This design was used for example as a rectifier in the power supplies of amplifiers The magnitude and velocity of the flow of electrons depend on the cathode s temperature the material it consists of and the magnitude of the anode voltage When the electrons hit the anode they produce heat that is dissipa...

Страница 28: ...s overdriven new oscillations with frequencies of 2 f 3 f etc integral multiples of the original frequency are produced These new frequencies are referred to as upper harmonics grouped as odd and even harmonics Unlike the transistor saturated tubes mostly produce even harmonics which are perceived by the human ear as more pleasant in sound than odd harmonics Another important aspect lies in the fa...

Страница 29: ...circuits can be largely eliminated and the actual tube effect be added gradually The more you turn the WARMTH control to the right the more tube sound will be added to the original signal 4 8 Studio applications In a recording studio tubes do not perform the same task as they do in an overdriven guitar amp where the considerably higher saturation of the tube s leads to a full and often deliberate ...

Страница 30: ...it otherwise the unit could be severely damaged You will find this combined fuse holder voltage selector at the back adjacent to the IEC receptacle IMPORTANT This does not apply for general export models which are built for one operating voltage only The AC voltage selection is defined by the position of the fuse holder If you intend to change the operating voltage remove the fuse holder and twist...

Страница 31: ...e internal operating level with the OPERATING LEVEL switches on the rear panel of the unit Thus you can choose between the homerecording level 10 dBV and the professional studio level 4 dBu With this adjustment the TUBE COMPOSER is adapted to the optimal operating level Use the input level meter on the front panel to find the appropriate operating level 5 5 Transformer balanced output option In co...

Страница 32: ...ions Bandwidth 18 Hz to 30 kHz 3 dB Signal to noise ratio 100 dB unweighted 22 Hz to 22 kHz THD 0 008 typ 4 dBu 1 kHz Gain 1 0 04 typ 20 dBu 1 kHz Gain 1 IMD 0 01 typ SMPTE Crosstalk 100 dB 22 Hz to 22 kHz Stereo coupling true RMS detection Expander gate section Type IRC Interactive Ratio Control expander Threshold variable OFF to 15 dB Ratio variable 1 1 to 1 8 Attack 1 ms 50 dB program dependent...

Страница 33: ...reo operation Channel 1 becomes master Warmth variable 10 dB to 60 dB Indicators Expander gate threshold 2 LED for under and above Compressor threshold 3 LEDs for under Interactive 0 and above Peak Limiter threshold 1 LED for indication of limiter function Function switch LED indicator for each Warmth analog meter for the UTC circuitry Options Output Transformer BEHRINGER transformer OT 1 retrofit...

Страница 34: ...thin 30 days of receipt of the product at BEHRINGER 2 If the product needs to be modified or adapted in order to comply with applicable technical or safety standards on a na tional or local level in any country which is not the country for which the product was originally developed and manufactured this modification adaptation shall not be considered a defect in materials or workmanship The warran...

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