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Underwater Measurements and Immersion Effect

When a quantum sensor that was calibrated in air is used to make underwater measurements, the sensor reads

Correlation between
photosynthetic photon flux
density (PPFD) and yield photon
flux density (YPFD) for multiple
different radiation sources. YPFD
is approximately 90 % of PPFD.
Measurements were made with
a spectroradiometer (Apogee
Instruments model PS-200) and
weighting factors shown in the
previous figure were used to
calculate PPFD and YPFD.

Biggs, W., A.R. Edison, J.D. Eastin, K.W. Brown, J.W. Maranville, and M.D. Clegg, 1971. Photosynthesis light sensor
and meter. Ecology 52:125-131.

Federer, C.A., and C.B. Tanner, 1966. Sensors for measuring light available for photosynthesis. Ecology 47:654-657.

Inada, K., 1976. Action spectra for photosynthesis in higher plants. Plant and Cell Physiology 17:355-365.

McCree, K.J., 1972a. The action spectrum, absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants.
Agricultural Meteorology 9:191-216.

McCree, K.J., 1972b. Test of current definitions of photosynthetically active radiation against leaf photosynthesis
data. Agricultural Meteorology 10:443-453.

Sager, J.C., W.O. Smith, J.L. Edwards, and K.L. Cyr, 1988. Photosynthetic efficiency and phytochrome photoequilibria
determination using spectral data. Transactions of the ASAE 31:1882-1889.

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Содержание SQ-422

Страница 1: ...POGEE INSTRUMENTS INC 721 WEST 1800 NORTH LOGAN UTAH 84321 USA TEL 435 792 4700 FAX 435 787 8268 WEB APOGEEINSTRUMENTS COM Copyright 2020 Apogee Instruments Inc OWNER S MANUAL QUANTUM SENSOR Model SQ 422 ...

Страница 2: ...e of Compliance 3 Introduction 4 Sensor Models 5 Specifications 6 Deployment and Installation 9 Cable Connectors 10 Operation and Measurement 11 Maintenance and Recalibration 20 Troubleshooting and Customer Support 22 Return and Warranty Policy 23 ...

Страница 3: ...lectrical and electronic products with respect to the restriction of hazardous substances Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers the products manufactured by us do not contain as intentional additives any of the restricted materials including lead see note below mercury cadmium hexavalent chromium polybrominated biphenyls PBB polybrominated ...

Страница 4: ...e We have used PPFD in this manual because we feel that it is better to be more complete and possibly redundant Sensors that measure PPFD are often called quantum sensors due to the quantized nature of radiation A quantum refers to the minimum quantity of radiation one photon involved in physical interactions e g absorption by photosynthetic pigments In other words one photon is a single quantum o...

Страница 5: ... Self powered Sunlight SQ 313 Self powered Sunlight SQ 316 Self powered Sunlight SQ 212 0 2 5 V Sunlight SQ 222 0 2 5 V Electric light SQ 214 4 20 mA Sunlight SQ 224 4 20 mA Electric light SQ 215 0 5 V Sunlight SQ 225 0 5 V Electric light SQ 420 USB Sunlight and Electric light SQ 421 SDI 12 Sunlight and Electric light Sensor model number and serial number are located on the bottom of the sensor If...

Страница 6: ...t Repeatability Less than 1 Long term Drift Non stability Less than 2 per year Non linearity Less than 1 up to 4000 µmol m 2 s 1 Field of View 180 Spectral Range 410 to 655 nm wavelengths where response is greater than 50 of maximum see Spectral Response below Directional Cosine Response 5 at 75 zenith angle see Cosine Response below Temperature Response 0 06 0 06 per C see Temperature Response be...

Страница 7: ...mpared to the spectroradiometer The spectroradiometer was mounted external to the temperature control chamber and remained at room temperature during the experiment Mean spectral response of six SQ 100 series quantum sensors error bars represent two standard deviations above and below mean compared to defined plant response to photons Spectral response measurements were made at 10 nm increments ac...

Страница 8: ...quantum sensors from the mean of replicate reference quantum sensors LI COR models LI 190 and LI 190R Kipp Zonen model PQS 1 Data were also collected in the laboratory using a reference lamp and positioning the sensor at varying angles Directional cosine response is defined as the measurement error at a specific angle of radiation incidence Error for Apogee SQ 100 series quantum sensors is approxi...

Страница 9: ...he southern hemisphere Azimuth error is typically less than 1 but it is easy to minimize by proper cable orientation In addition to orienting the cable to point toward the nearest pole the sensor should also be mounted such that obstructions e g weather station tripod tower or other instrumentation do not shade the sensor Once mounted the blue cap should be removed from the sensor The blue cap can...

Страница 10: ...e contact Apogee directly to ensure ordering the proper pigtail configuration Alignment When reconnecting a sensor arrows on the connector jacket and an aligning notch ensure proper orientation Disconnection for extended periods When disconnecting the sensor for an extended period of time from a station protect the remaining half of the connector still on the station from water and dirt with elect...

Страница 11: ... 422 quantum sensors For questions on the implementation of this protocol please refer to the official serial line implementation of the Modbus protocol http www modbus org docs Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02 pdf 2006 and the general Modbus protocol specification http www modbus org docs Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b3 pdf 2012 Further information can be found at http www modbus org specs php Ov...

Страница 12: ...ing Registers the type registers Apogee sensors contain are defined to be 16 bits wide However when making scientific measurements it is desirable to obtain a more precise value than 16 bits allows Thus several Modbus implementations will use two 16 bit registers to act as one 32 bit register Apogee Modbus sensors use this 32 bit implementation to provide measurement values as 32 bit IEEE 754 floa...

Страница 13: ...ion angle from vertical degrees shifted one decimal point to the left 45 device status 1 means device is busy 0 otherwise 46 firmware version shifted one decimal point to the left Read Write registers function codes 0x3 and 0x10 Writing to these registers has no effect on sensor settings until the user has written to the register 100 For example to update the Slave Address the user must first writ...

Страница 14: ...immersion factor shifted two decimal points to the left 57 solar multiplier shifted two decimal points to the left 58 running average 59 heater status Registers marked with an asterisk cannot be written to unless a specific procedure is followed Contact Apogee Instruments to receive the procedure for writing these registers Write only registers function code 0x10 Integer Registers 190 Writing to t...

Страница 15: ...function code 0x3 reading register address 0 Each pair of square brackets indicates one byte Slave Address Function Starting Address High Byte Starting Address Low Byte No of Registers High Byte No of Registers Low Byte CRC High Byte CRC Low Byte 0x01 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x02 0xC4 0x0B An example of a data packet sent from the controller to the sensor using function code 0x10 writing a 1 to regist...

Страница 16: ...ric lamps cool white fluorescent metal halide high pressure sodium but larger errors for different mixtures of light emitting diodes LEDs for the SQ 100 series sensors Spectral errors for the SQ 500 series sensors are smaller than those for SQ 100 series sensors because the spectral response of SQ 500 series sensors is a closer match to the defined plant photosynthetic response Quantum sensors are...

Страница 17: ...n growth chambers was similar but there were differences particularly at shorter wavelengths less than 450 nm There was also some variability between species McCree 1972a Inada 1976 McCree 1972b found that equally weighting all photons between 400 and 700 nm and summing the result defined as photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD in units of mol m 2 s 1 was well correlated to photosynthesis and v...

Страница 18: ... M D Clegg 1971 Photosynthesis light sensor and meter Ecology 52 125 131 Federer C A and C B Tanner 1966 Sensors for measuring light available for photosynthesis Ecology 47 654 657 Inada K 1976 Action spectra for photosynthesis in higher plants Plant and Cell Physiology 17 355 365 McCree K J 1972a The action spectrum absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants Agricultural Meteo...

Страница 19: ...an be derived by making measurements in air and at multiple water depths at a constant distance from a lamp in a controlled laboratory setting Apogee SQ 100 series and SQ 300 series quantum sensors have an immersion effect correction factor of 1 08 This correction factor should be multiplied by PPFD measurements made underwater to yield accurate PPFD Further information on underwater measurements ...

Страница 20: ...ogee webpage for details regarding return of sensors for recalibration http www apogeeinstruments com tech support recalibration repairs To determine if a specific sensor needs recalibration the Clear Sky Calculator www clearskycalculator com website and or smartphone app can be used to indicate PPFD incident on a horizontal surface at any time of day at any location in the world It is most accura...

Страница 21: ...rs are available one for quantum sensors PPFD and one for pyranometers total shortwave radiation Clear Sky Calculator for quantum sensors Site data are input in blue cells in middle of page and an estimate of PPFD is returned on right hand side of page ...

Страница 22: ... cable length from the sensor to the controller should be kept short no longer than 20 meters For more information see section 3 3 5 in this document http www modbus org docs Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02 pdf RS 485 Cable Length If using an RS 485 serial interface longer cable lengths may be used The trunk cable can be up to 1000 meters long The length of cable from the sensor to a tap on the trun...

Страница 23: ...r factory The warranty does not cover equipment that has been damaged due to the following conditions 1 Improper installation or abuse 2 Operation of the instrument outside of its specified operating range 3 Natural occurrences such as lightning fire etc 4 Unauthorized modification 5 Improper or unauthorized repair Please note that nominal accuracy drift is normal over time Routine recalibration o...

Страница 24: ...anship Apogee Instruments will repair or replace the items free of charge If it is determined that your product is not covered under warranty you will be informed and given an estimated repair replacement cost PRODUCTS BEYOND THE WARRANTY PERIOD For issues with sensors beyond the warranty period please contact Apogee at techsupport apogeeinstruments com to discuss repair or replacement options OTH...

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