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By flashing your motherboard, you agree to accept the possibility of BIOS flash failure. If you 

motherboard is working and is stable, and there are no major bugs that were fixed by a latter 

BIOS revision, we recommend that you DO NOT try to upgrade your BIOS. 

By doing so, you are taking a risk of BIOS flash failure. If you insist on upgrading, PLEASE BE 

SURE to use the right BIOS revision for the right motherboard model. 

AOpen Easy Flash is a little different than traditional flash method. The 

BIOS

 binary file and 

flash routine are linked together and you simply run a single commend to complete the flash 

process. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caution:  AOpen Easy Flash BIOS programs are designed to be 

compatible with the Award BIOS. At the date of this note, AOpen 

Easy Flash BIOS programs are not available for AMI BIOS. AMI 

BIOS appears mostly only on old 486 boards and some early 

Pentium boards. Please be sure to view the README compressed 

inside the BIOS package before upgrading, and follow upgrade 

instructions carefully. This will minimize the chance of flash 

failures

Содержание MK73LE

Страница 1: ...1 M MK K7 73 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l MK73LE DOC NO MK73LE OL E0104A...

Страница 2: ...s manual 2 You Must Notice 9 Before You Start 10 Overview 11 Feature Highlight 12 Quick Installation Procedure 16 Motherboard Map 17 Hardware Installation 18 JP14 Clear CMOS Data 19 CPU Installation 2...

Страница 3: ...AC Power Auto Recovery 32 IDE and Floppy Connector 33 IrDA Connector 36 WOM Zero Voltage Wake on Modem Connector 37 WOL Wake on LAN 40 CNR Expansion Slot 42 PC99 Color Coded Back Panel 43 COM2 Connect...

Страница 4: ...Y2K 55 Low ESR Capacitor 57 Layout Frequency Isolation Wall 59 Driver and Utility 60 Autorun Menu from Bonus CD Disc 61 Installing Windows 95 62 Installing Windows 98 63 Installing Windows 98 SE Wind...

Страница 5: ...Suspend to RAM STR 77 AWARD BIOS 79 How To Use Award BIOS Setup Program 80 How To Enter BIOS Setup 82 BIOS Upgrade 83 Overclocking 85 VGA Card Hard Disk 87 Glossary 88 AC97 88 ACPI Advanced Configurat...

Страница 6: ...91 CNR Communication and Networking Riser 91 CODEC Coding and Decoding 92 DIMM Dual In Line Memory Module 92 ECC Error Checking and Correction 92 EDO Extended Data Output Memory 93 EEPROM Electronic E...

Страница 7: ...ity Bit 96 PBSRAM Pipelined Burst SRAM 97 PC 100 DIMM 97 PC 133 DIMM 97 PCI Peripheral Component Interface Bus 97 PDF Format 98 PnP Plug and Play 98 POST Power On Self Test 98 RDRAM Rambus DRAM 99 RIM...

Страница 8: ...e M Ma an nu ua al l SMBus System Management Bus 100 SPD Serial Presence Detect 101 UltraATA 101 USB Universal Serial Bus 102 VCM Virtual Channel Memory 102 ZIP file 102 Troubleshooting 103 Technical...

Страница 9: ...al are used for identification purposes only and may be the registered trademarks of their respective owners All of the specifications and information contained in this manual are subject to change wi...

Страница 10: ...figuration changes This Online Manual is saved in PDF format we recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader 4 0 for online viewing it is included in Bonus CD disc or you can get free download from Adobe web...

Страница 11: ...ch graphics capabilities for running 2D 3D software and Internet applications Through its advanced memory controller architecture this motherboard supports up to 1 0GB of PC133 SDRAM The on board IDE...

Страница 12: ...encies and based on 64 bit Socket 462 CPU The VIA Apollo KLE133 integrates Trident Blade 2D 3D graphic accelerator into a single BGA package which provides you the better capabilities for demanding so...

Страница 13: ...ties of the Trident Blade3D graphics engine which provides full AGP 2 0 capability for maximum bus utilization including 1X 2X 4X mode transfers SBA Side Band Addressing Flush Fence commands and pipel...

Страница 14: ...Agency EPA Energy Star program It also offers Plug and Play which helps save users from configuration problems thus making system user friendly Hardware Monitoring Management Supports CPU or system fa...

Страница 15: ...ne e M Ma an nu ua al l Super Multi I O Provides two high speed UART compatible serial ports and one parallel port with EPP and ECP capabilities UART2 can also be directed from COM2 to the Infrared M...

Страница 16: ...o install your system Follow each step accordingly 1 Installing CPU and Fan 2 Installing System Memory DIMM 3 Connecting Front Panel Cable 4 Connecting IDE and Floppy Cable 5 Connecting ATX Power Cabl...

Страница 17: ...JP21 FSB Select Ultra ATA 100 IDE Connector CNR Expansion Slot MODEM CN Connector Red AUX IN Connector Green CD IN Connector Black Onboard AC 97 CODEC 32 bit PCI Slot x3 WOM Connector Wake On MODEM F...

Страница 18: ...ocessor disk drives expansion boards and other components Always observe the following precautions before you install a system component 1 Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until...

Страница 19: ...password 3 Troubleshooting Normal Operation default 1 You can clear CMOS to restore system default setting To clear the CMOS follow the procedure below 1 Turn off the system and unplug the AC power 2...

Страница 20: ...ou plug it into CPU socket 1 Pull CPU socket lever and up to 90 degree angle 2 Locate Pin 1 on the socket and look for a black dot or cut edge on the CPU upper left Match Pin 1 and cut edge Then inser...

Страница 21: ...dj ju us st t F FS SB B P PC CI I C Cl lo oc ck k This jumper is used to define the relationship between PCI and FSB clock Generally speaking if you are not an overclocker we recommend you to remain t...

Страница 22: ...I Clock CPU FSB Clock Clock Ratio Clock Ratio CPU Host PCI Memory 3X 100 33 PCI x3 or x4 3X Overclocking 112 37 3 PCI x3 or x4 4X 133 33 PCI x3 or x4 Warning VIA KLE133 chipset supports maximum 200MHz...

Страница 23: ...200MHz 6x Athlon 650 650 MHz 200MHz 6 5x Athlon 700 700 MHz 200MHz 7x Athlon 750 750 MHz 200MHz 7 5x Athlon 800 800 MHz 200MHz 8x Athlon 850 850 MHz 200MHz 8 5x Athlon 900 900MHz 200MHz 9x Athlon 950...

Страница 24: ...Duron 850 850 MHz 200MHz 8 5x Duron 900 900 MHz 200MHz 9x Duron 950 950 MHz 200MHz 9 5x Note It is not recommended to install those CPUs higher than 1 GHz on this motherboard Warning VIA KLE133 chips...

Страница 25: ...users to set CPU frequency through the BIOS setup therefore no jumpers or switches are used Because the CPU information has been saved to BIOS you will never worry about losing CMOS due to battery run...

Страница 26: ...in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l S Se et tt ti in ng g C CP PU U C Co or re e V Vo ol lt ta ag ge e This motherboard supports CPU VID function The CPU core voltage will be automatically detected It is not n...

Страница 27: ...Co on nn ne ec ct to or r W Wi it th h H H W W M Mo on ni it to or ri in ng g Plug in the CPU fan cable to the 3 pin CPUFAN connector If you have a housing fan you can also plug it in FAN2 connector N...

Страница 28: ...MK K7 73 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l D DI IM MM M S So oc ck ke et t This motherboard has two 168 pin DIMM sockets that allow you to install PC100 or PC133 memory up to 1 0GB DIMM1 D...

Страница 29: ...h connectors to the corresponding pins If you enable Suspend Mode item in BIOS Setup the ACPI Power LED will keep flashing while the system is in suspend mode Locate the power switch cable from your A...

Страница 30: ...30 M MK K7 73 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l Suspend Type ACPI LED Power on Suspend S1 Flashing every second Suspend to RAM S3 or Suspend to Disk S4 The LED will be turned off...

Страница 31: ...nu ua al l A AT TX X P Po ow we er r C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r The ATX power supply uses 20 pin connector shown below Make sure you plug it in the right direction 5V 5V 5V 5V 3 3V 3 3V 3 3V COM COM...

Страница 32: ...o ov ve er ry y A traditional ATX system remains power off stage when AC power resumes from power failure This design is inconvenient for a network server or workstation without an UPS that always nee...

Страница 33: ...I ID DE E a an nd d F Fl lo op pp py y C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r Connect 34 pin floppy cable and 40 pin IDE cable to floppy connector FDC and IDE connector The blue connector is IDE1 for clear ident...

Страница 34: ...d Slave mode Either one can be the hard disk or the CDROM The setting as master or slave mode depends on the jumper on your IDE device Please refer to your hard disk and CDROM manual accordingly Warni...

Страница 35: ...3ns 1 383ns x 2byte 5 2MB s PIO mode 2 30ns 8 240ns 1 240ns x 2byte 8 3MB s PIO mode 3 30ns 6 180ns 1 180ns x 2byte 11 1MB s PIO mode 4 30ns 4 120ns 1 120ns x 2byte 16 6MB s DMA mode 0 30ns 16 480ns 1...

Страница 36: ...e such as Laplink or Windows 95 Direct Cable Connection user can transfer files to or from laptops notebooks PDA devices and printers This connector supports HPSIR 115 2Kbps 2 meters and ASK IR 56Kbps...

Страница 37: ...motherboard implements special circuit to support Wake On Modem both Internal modem card and external box modem are supported Since Internal modem card consumes no power when system power is off it is...

Страница 38: ...by y E Ex xt te er rn na al l B BO OX X M Mo od de em m Traditional Green PC suspend mode does not really turn off the system power supply it uses external box modem to trigger MB COM port and resume...

Страница 39: ...ly answer a phone call as an answering machine or to send receive a fax You may identify whether or not your system is in true power off mode by checking to see if the fan of your power supply is off...

Страница 40: ...pset that supports this feature and connect a cable from LAN card to motherboard WOL connector The system identification information probably IP address is stored on network card and because there is...

Страница 41: ...e e M Ma an nu ua al l WOL Connector Motherboard Side WOL Connector Ethernet Card Side Note Location of WOM connectors on both motherboard and modem card may be different from the illustration due to...

Страница 42: ...he digital processing job can be implemented in main chipset and share CPU power The analogy conversion CODEC circuit requires a different and separate circuit design which is put on CNR card This mot...

Страница 43: ...ng a PS 2 plug PS 2 Mouse For PC Mouse which is using a PS 2 plug USB Port Available for connecting USB devices Parallel Port To connect with SPP ECP EPP printer COM1 COM2 Port To connect with pointin...

Страница 44: ...M2 2 C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r This motherboard provides two serial ports One of them are on back panel connector the other is on the up middle area of this motherboard With proper cable you can co...

Страница 45: ...n the back panel and one USB header on the motherboard can provide two more ports by connecting a proper USB cable After connecting the USB header please screw the bracket on the other end of USB cabl...

Страница 46: ...3 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l CD IN L GND GND R C CD D A Au ud di io o C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r This black connector is used to connect CD Audio cable from CDROM or DVD drive to o...

Страница 47: ...nnector is used to connect Mono In Mic Out cable from internal modem card to onboard sound circuit The pin 1 2 is Mono In and the pin 3 4 is Mic Out Please note that there is no standard for this kind...

Страница 48: ...M MK K7 73 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l A AU UX X I IN N C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r This GREEN connector is used to connect MPEG Audio cable from MPEG card to onboard sound L R GND G...

Страница 49: ...A Au ud di io o C Co on nn ne ec ct to or r If the housing has been design with an audio port on the front panel you ll be able to connect onboard audio to front panel through this connector FP_MIC F...

Страница 50: ...e need of a battery The RTC real time clock can also keep running as long as the power cord is plugged If you lose your CMOS data by accident you can just reload the CMOS configurations from Flash ROM...

Страница 51: ...hat has regulator to transfer 5V to CPU voltage for example 2 0V and makes 5V over current protection useless This motherboard is with switching regulator onboard supports CPU over current protection...

Страница 52: ...n circuit to prevent any human operating mistake there is still certain risk that CPU memory HDD add on cards installed on this motherboard may be damaged because of component failure human operating...

Страница 53: ...stem As you turn on your system this smart design will continue to monitor your system s working voltage fan status and CPU temperature If any of those systems status goes wrong there will be an alarm...

Страница 54: ...se for Keyboard and USB port to prevent over current or shortage These fuses are soldered onboard that when it is broken did the job to protect motherboard user still cannot replace it and the motherb...

Страница 55: ...eal Time Clock in conjunction with 128 bytes of CMOS RAM data in the chipset of the motherboard The RTC has only two digits and the CMOS has another 2 digits Unfortunately this circuit s behavior is l...

Страница 56: ...em performance The Tick Routine of the AOpen BIOS has 4 digits for year coding as long as applications and the operating system follow the rule to get date time information There will be no Y2K proble...

Страница 57: ...SR R C Ca ap pa ac ci it to or r The quality of low ESR capacitor Low Equivalent Series Resistance is very important for the stability of CPU power especially during high frequency operation The loca...

Страница 58: ...when overclocking A typical CPU core voltage is 2 0V so a good design should control voltage between 1 860V and 2 140V That is the transient must be below 280mV Below is a timing diagram captured by...

Страница 59: ...called Frequency Isolation Wall Separating each critical portion of motherboard into regions where each region operates in a same or similar frequency range to avoid cross talk and frequency interfer...

Страница 60: ...us CD disc You don t need to install all of them in order to boot your system But after you finish the hardware installation you have to install your operation system first such as Windows 98 before y...

Страница 61: ...O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l A Au ut to or ru un n M Me en nu u f fr ro om m B Bo on nu us s C CD D D Di is sc c You can use the autorun menu of Bonus CD disc Choose the utility and driver a...

Страница 62: ...s 9 95 5 1 Install Windows 95 OSR2 v2 1 1212 or 1214 version and later with USB support Otherwise you need to install USBSUPP EXE 2 Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver which includes VIA AGP Vxd driver VIA...

Страница 63: ...er in BIOS Setup Advanced Chipset Features OnChip USB to make BIOS fully capable of controlling IRQ assignment 2 Install Window 98 into your system 3 Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver which includes VIA A...

Страница 64: ...dition Windows Millennium Edition or Windows 2000 you do not need to install the 4 in 1 driver as the IRQ Routing Driver and the ACPI Registry are already incorporated into the operating system Users...

Страница 65: ...T use VIA ATAPI Vendor Support Driver VIA AGP IRQ Routing Driver For Windows 98 use VIA Registry INF Driver from the Bonus Pack CD disc Autorun menu Warning If you want to uninstall the VIA AGP Vxd dr...

Страница 66: ...l I In ns st ta al ll li in ng g O On nb bo oa ar rd d S So ou un nd d D Dr ri iv ve er r This motherboard comes with an AC97 CODEC and the sound controller is in VIA South Bridge chipset You can find...

Страница 67: ...rd d C Cr re ea at ti iv ve e S So ou un nd d D Dr ri iv ve er r O Op pt ti io on na al l This motherboard comes with an optional Creative CT5800 audio controller If the motherboard you purchased has...

Страница 68: ...al ll li in ng g O On nb bo oa ar rd d A AG GP P D Dr ri iv ve er r VIA KLE133 chipset integrates a 2D 3D graphics accelerator which provides AGP 2X incredible performance to access main memory at ove...

Страница 69: ...r rd dw wa ar re e M Mo on ni it to or ri in ng g U Ut ti il li it ty y You can install Hardware Monitoring Utility to monitor CPU temperature fans and system voltage The hardware monitoring function...

Страница 70: ...It saves your current work system status memory and screen image into hard disk and then the system can be totally power off Next time when power is on you can resume your original work directly from...

Страница 71: ...71 M MK K7 73 3L LE E O On nl li in ne e M Ma an nu ua al l Hard Disk Hard Disk System Image Status Save into Restore within seconds When power on next time System Image Status When go into Suspend...

Страница 72: ...rnate Support then Apply c Click on the Advanced tab you ll see Hibernate on Power Buttons Note that this option will only be seen after step b mentioned above has been completed otherwise only Standb...

Страница 73: ...e system needs to provide unformatted an empty partition 4 Reboot system 5 You ve already implemented ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive Click Start Shut Down Standby then the screen will go off immediately A...

Страница 74: ...RE MICROSOFT WINDOWS CURRENT VERSION DETECT b Select ADD Binary and name it as ACPIOPTION c Right click and select Modify add 01 after 0000 to make it 0000 01 d Save changes 2 Select Add New Hardware...

Страница 75: ...un Regedit exe a Go through the following path HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE MICROSOFT WINDOWS CURRENT VERSION DETECT ACPI OPTION b Right click and select Modify change 01 to 02 to make it 0000 02 c Sav...

Страница 76: ...to detect new hardware It will find Plug and Play BIOS and remove ACPI BIOS 3 Reboot system 4 Run Add New Hardware again and it will find Advanced Power Management Resource 5 Click OK Tip Currently w...

Страница 77: ...gh the Windows 98 booting process and run your application again Suspend to DRAM saves your current work in the system memory it is faster than Suspend to Hard Drive but requires power supplied to DRA...

Страница 78: ...e refer to ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive of how to setup Windows 98 ACPI mode 2 The VIA 4 in 1 Driver must have been installed properly Procedures 1 Changed the following BIOS settings BIOS Setup Power M...

Страница 79: ...eters and save the configuration into the 128 byte CMOS area normally in the RTC chip or in the main chipset To enter to BIOS setup menu press Del when POST Power On Self Test screen is shown on your...

Страница 80: ...d BIOS setup program The following table provides details about how to use keyboard in the Award BIOS setup program By the way all products of AOpen also provides a special function in the BIOS setup...

Страница 81: ...MOS F6 Load fail save setting value from CMOS F7 Load turbo setting value from CMOS F10 Save changed setting and exit setup program Note AOpen always dedicates to give users a more friendly computer s...

Страница 82: ...inish the setting of jumpers and connect correct cables Power on and enter the BIOS Setup press Del during POST Power On Self Test Choose Load Setup Defaults for recommended optimal performance Warnin...

Страница 83: ...OS revision for the right motherboard model AOpen Easy Flash is a little different than traditional flash method The BIOS binary file and flash routine are linked together and you simply run a single...

Страница 84: ...xample MK73LE102 BIN MK73LE102 EXE 4 Reboot the system to DOS mode without loading any memory handler such as EMM386 or device driver It needs around 520K free memory spaces 5 Execute A MK73LE102 and...

Страница 85: ...his section is dedicated to overclockers This high performance motherboard is designed for maximum 100MHz CPU bus clock But it comes with clock generator of 150MHz when we design it to accommodate fut...

Страница 86: ...you are taking your own risk to damage your system or important data Before doing overclocking you must make sure your components are able to tolerate such abnormal setting especially CPU DRAMs hard d...

Страница 87: ...our reference the following list are what have been successful overclocked in our lab Please note that AOpen can not guaranty they can be successful overclocked again Please check the Available Vendor...

Страница 88: ...n can be reduced A AC CP PI I A Ad dv va an nc ce ed d C Co on nf fi ig gu ur ra at ti io on n P Po ow we er r I In nt te er rf fa ac ce e ACPI is the power management specification of PC97 1997 It in...

Страница 89: ...e x 2 528MB s AGP is now moving to 4X mode 66MHz x 4byte x 4 1056MB s AOpen is the first company to support 4X AGP motherboards by both AX6C Intel 820 and MX64 AX64 VIA 694x started from Oct 1999 A AM...

Страница 90: ...ication together The AT is meaning International Business Machines Corporation IBM personal computer AT s bus structure A AT TA A 6 66 6 ATA 66 uses both rising edge and falling edge but doubles UDMA...

Страница 91: ...including waiting for the mechanical events To reduce the workload of the CPU the bus master IDE device transfers data from to memory without interrupting CPU and releases CPU to operate concurrently...

Страница 92: ...ble side the golden finger signals on each side of PCB are different that is why it was called Dual In Line Almost all DIMMs are made by SDRAM which operate at 3 3V Note that some old DIMMs are made b...

Страница 93: ...ces one clock state E EE EP PR RO OM M E El le ec ct tr ro on ni ic c E Er ra as sa ab bl le e P Pr ro og gr ra am mm ma ab bl le e R RO OM M Also known as E2 PROM Both EEPROM and Flash ROM can be re...

Страница 94: ...C C D Do oC C D De ec cl la ar ra at ti io on n o of f C Co on nf fo or rm mi it ty y The DoC is component certification standard of FCC EMI regulations This standard allows DIY component such as moth...

Страница 95: ...nctions BIOS size is increased from 64KB to 256KB 2M bit AOpen AX5T is the first board to implement 256KB 2Mbit Flash ROM Now flash ROM size is moving to 4M bit on AX6C Intel 820 and MX3W Intel 810 mo...

Страница 96: ...sochronous Asynchronous transport is the traditional computer memory mapped load and store interface Data requests are sent to a specific address and an acknowledgment is returned In addition to an ar...

Страница 97: ...it is 3 1 1 1 total 6 clocks which is faster than asynchronous SRAM PBSRAM is often used on L2 level 2 cache of Socket 7 CPU Slot 1 and Socket 370 CPU do not need PBSRAM P PC C 1 10 00 0 D DI IM MM M...

Страница 98: ...ug g a an nd d P Pl la ay y The PnP specification suggests a standard register interface for both BIOS and operating system such as Windows 95 These registers are used by BIOS and operating system to...

Страница 99: ...ckets R RI IM MM M R Ra am mb bu us s I In nl li in ne e M Me em mo or ry y M Mo od du ul le e 184 pin memory module that supports RDRAM memory technology A RIMM memory module may contain up to maximu...

Страница 100: ...als on each side of PCB are identical That is why it was called Single In Line SIMM is made by FPM or EDO DRAM and supports 32 bit data SIMM had been phased out on current motherboard design S SM MB B...

Страница 101: ...The UltraATA 33 protocol transfers data in burst mode at a rate of 33 3MB s twice as fast as the previous Direct Access Memory DMA interface UltraATA was developed as a proposed industry standard by...

Страница 102: ...l M Me em mo or ry y NEC s Virtual Channel Memory VCM is a new DRAM core architecture that dramatically improves the memory system s ability to service multimedia requirements VCM increases memory bu...

Страница 103: ...al l Turn off the power and unplug the AC power cable then remove all of the add on cards and cables including VGA IDE FDD COM1 COM2 and i t T Tr ro ou ub bl le es sh ho oo ot ti in ng g Start Make s...

Страница 104: ...A card Then connect your monitor and keyboard Continue Turn on the power and check if the power supply and CPU fan work properly The problem is probably caused by power supply or motherboard failure P...

Страница 105: ...inue Press Ctrl and Alt key at the same time hold them and then press Del to reboot the system Check if there is display No Yes Perhaps your VGA card or monitor is defective Check if the system reboot...

Страница 106: ...ystem rebooting press Del to enter BIOS setup Choose Load Setup Default Check if the system can reboot successfully No The problem should be caused by the IDE cable or HDD itself Yes Turn off the syst...

Страница 107: ...the procedures below and seek help before contact us With your help we can then continue to provide the best quality service to more customers Thanks very much for your understanding AOpen Technical S...

Страница 108: ...nload default htm News Group Your problem probably had been answered by our support engineer or professional users on the news group http www aopen com tw tech newsgrp default htm 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Cont...

Страница 109: ...label You can find this bar code label on the outside packing on ISA CPU slot or on component side of PCB For example P N 91 88110 201 is part number S N 91949378KN73 is serial number Contact Us Plea...

Страница 110: ...IO OS S v ve er rs si io on n Model name and BIOS version can be found on upper left corner of first boot screen POST screen For example MK73LE is model name of motherboard R1 00 is BIOS version MK73L...

Страница 111: ...pen by accumulating your bonuses for later prize exchange Be upgraded to gold membership of Club AOpen program Receive email notification about product safety alerts Its purpose is to alert consumers...

Страница 112: ...it cannot be read or intercepted by other people or companies Further AOpen will not disclose any of information you submitted under any conditions Please consult our online privacy policy for furthe...

Страница 113: ...ontact techtw htm German http www aopencom de tech contact techde htm French http aofr aopen com tw tech contact techfr htm Simplified Chinese http www aopen com cn tech contact techcn htm Pacific Rim...

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