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AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook

A22LS-XXX-POH-01

2.6.6 Brake control system

The main wheel brakes (Fig. 8) are actuated hydraulically using the brake lever 2 (installed
next to the throttle lever 3) controlling the pressure supplied from the master cylinder 1 to
the slave cylinders 5 in the wheels.

The main LG wheels have disk brakes. The cylinders are connected to each other with
copper tubing 6 with outside diameter of 3 mm. The master cylinder 1 is connected with a
hose 8 to the extension tank 7, installed on the firewall in the engine compartment.

When the brake lever is pulled the brake pads squeeze the brake disc creating the braking
moment proportional to the applied force.

A-22LS  is  equipped  also  with  a  parking  brake,  which  is  actuated  with  a  lever  4  on  the
central  console.  To  use  the  parking  brake,  set  the  lever  to  'Parking  brake  ON',  then  pull
and  release  the  brake  lever.  The  brake  pads  will  remain  pressed  to  the  brake  disc.  To
release the parking brake set its control lever to its initial position ('Parking brake OFF').

Fig. 8. Brake control system

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Содержание AEROPRAKT-22LS

Страница 1: ...a str Kiev Ukraine Tel 0038 044 496 77 21 Fax 0038 044 496 77 31 e mail air prakt kiev ua www aeroprakt kiev ua AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times ...

Страница 2: ... POH 01 Model AEROPRAKT 22LS A 22LS Serial No Registration Document No A22LS XXX POH 01 Date of issue Approved by Signature Position Stamp Date of approval This airplane is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein ...

Страница 3: ...e present manual except actual weighing data must be recorded in the following table according to information from the Manufacturer New or amended text in the revised pages will be indicated by a black vertical line on the left hand margin and the Revision No and the date will be shown on the bottom left hand side of the page Rev No Affected Section Affected Pages Date Approval Date Date Inserted ...

Страница 4: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Section Page Date Section Page Date ...

Страница 5: ...3 Recovery system 27 3 Operating Limitations 28 3 1 General 28 3 2 Airspeed 28 3 3 Crosswind limitation 28 3 4 Service ceiling 28 3 5 Maneuvering load factors 28 3 6 Prohibited maneuvers 28 3 7 Operating weights and loading 29 3 8 Engine 29 4 Weight and balance 30 4 1 General 30 4 2 Actual empty airplane weight and CG position 30 4 3 Computation of the CG position before flight 30 5 Performance 32...

Страница 6: ...g 42 8 Aircraft Ground Handling and Servicing 43 8 1 General 43 8 2 Servicing fuel oil and coolant 43 8 3 Towing and tie down instructions 43 8 4 Airplane washing 44 8 5 Disassembling and assembling the airplane 44 9 Required Placards and Markings 47 9 1 Airspeed indicator markings 47 9 2 Miscellaneous placards and markings 47 10 Supplements 48 10 1 General 48 10 2 Engine manual 48 10 3 Avionics a...

Страница 7: ...plane of classic aerodynamic layout with closed cockpit non retractable landing gear with steerable nose wheel Rotax 912 engine with tractor three blade on ground adjustable pitch propeller AEROPRAKT 22LS is intended for flying in VFR simple meteorological conditions AEROPRAKT 22LS is certified in the LSA category 1 2 Technical data Wing span 9 55 m 31 ft 4 in Wing area 12 62 m 136 sq in Length 6 ...

Страница 8: ...metal structure The mid section is made of the 2024T3 aluminum alloy bent sheet sections of 1 5 to 2 mm 0 063 to 0 080 in thickness which form the edges of the mid section The tail boom is a monocoque structure made of 0 8 mm 0 032 in 2024T3 aluminum alloy sheet Engine cowling is made of composites The fuselage has 6 frames bulkheads Frames No 1 2 4 5 and 6 are press formed of an aluminum alloy sh...

Страница 9: ... data wheel base 1760 mm wheel track 1300 mm min turn radius 2 m Main wheels size 5 00 5 or 6 00 6 pressure 1 6 kg cm2 22 7 psi Nose wheel size 5 00 5 or 6 00 6 brakeless wheel steering angle 30 degrees pressure 0 16 MPa 1 6 kg cm2 2 3 Engine and its controls A 22LS can be equipped with a four cylinder four stroke Rotax 912UL or Rotax 912ULS carburetor combined cooling engine produced by BOMBARDIE...

Страница 10: ...apacity with filler inlets 2 and fuel lines 9 connecting the tanks to each other and to the engine fuel pump 6 that is feeding fuel to the engine carburetors 10 via two fuel valves 3 and fuel filter 5 Fuel can be drained from the tanks using the drain valve 4 The fuel tanks are connected with the atmosphere via the vent lines 8 Fig 2 Fuel system schematic ...

Страница 11: ...89 l 23 5 US gal Non usable fuel 1 l 0 3 US gal Fuel unleaded avgas with RON 95 or above 2 6 Airplane control systems Airplane control systems include control systems for drooping ailerons flaperons elevator with trim tab rudder and nose wheel engine and brakes The control system is combined consisting of foot and hand actuated subsystems Ailerons and elevator are hand actuated and are controlled ...

Страница 12: ...placed on the central console It is retained in place by friction adjusted using the wheel 2 The trim tab control lever is connected with a cable 3 to the trim tab control arm 4 The cable is running through the flexible conduits 5 in the central console and 6 in stabilizer and cable fairleads 7 and 8 inside the tail boom The trim tab is hinged to the elevator trailing edge on a wire serving also a...

Страница 13: ...wo arms One of the arms is connected with a cable to the rudder control arm 3 the other with a rod to the nose landing gear control arm 4 Rudder control cables are running from the pedals to the rudder control arms via pulleys 5 6 installed at frames No 3 and 4 and fairleads 8 9 on pilot seat beam and frame 5 Tension of the cables is adjusted using turnbuckles 7 attached to the pedal shaft arms In...

Страница 14: ... to the yoke 1 is passed via the lever 2 to the pushrod 3 and then to the central control shaft 5 The yokes are interconnected with the pushrod 4 Then from the bellcrank 6 attached to the shaft it is passed via the pushrods 7 to the flaperon control shafts 8 The shafts are attached via a Cardan joint 9 to the bracket at the root end rib of the flaperon 10 at one end and to the trunnion on the leve...

Страница 15: ... of the flaperons as flaps 1st position 10 1 2nd position 20 1 2 6 5 Engine controls The engine controls are accessible from both right and left side pilot seat Engine RPM is controlled using a single throttle lever located on the central console Two control cables connect the throttle lever to the left and right carburetors on the engine The fuel mixture control for engine starting is achieved us...

Страница 16: ...mm The master cylinder 1 is connected with a hose 8 to the extension tank 7 installed on the firewall in the engine compartment When the brake lever is pulled the brake pads squeeze the brake disc creating the braking moment proportional to the applied force A 22LS is equipped also with a parking brake which is actuated with a lever 4 on the central console To use the parking brake set the lever t...

Страница 17: ...TE UNDER VFR ONLY NEVER EXCEED SPEED 120 KTS IAS MAX CONTINUOUS ENGINE SPEED 5500 RPM MAX TAKEOFF MASS 600 KG 1320 LB LIMIT LOAD FACTOR 4 0 2 0 3 NO CHARGE indicator and marking 4 ALARM indicator and marking 5 Carburetor heating control knob and marking CARB HEAT ON PUSH 6 Cockpit heating control knob and marking COCKPIT HEAT ON PULL 7 Left tank fuel level indicator and marking FUEL L 8 Right tank...

Страница 18: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 9 ...

Страница 19: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 10 ...

Страница 20: ...ct the lines when the left wing is removed during aircraft disassembly The full and static pressure lines are connected to the airspeed indicator s Static pressure for altimeter and vertical speed indicator is supplied from the cockpit Good condition of the full and static pressure system is important for correct measurement of the flight parameters and therefore for flight safety Pilots must take...

Страница 21: ...from short circuit and must be of appropriate type and size When battery is supplying power to the consumers while alternator is not generating and supplying power to the battery e g engine is not running or due to some other reason NO CHARGE light signals that the battery is discharging and its power may be lost after some time When alternator starts recharging the battery NO CHARGE light goes ou...

Страница 22: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 13 Wiring diagram of A 22LS electric system main Fig 14 Wiring diagram for installation of strobes ...

Страница 23: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 15 Wiring diagram for installation of analog engine instruments Fig 16 Wiring diagram for installation of FLYdat ...

Страница 24: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 17 Wiring diagram for installation of Microair 760 P radio Fig 18 Wiring diagram for installation of the electric servo of elevator trim tab ...

Страница 25: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 19 Wiring diagram for installation of gyro horizon Fig 20 Wiring diagram for installation of DYNON FlightDEK D 180 ...

Страница 26: ...fastened do not restrict pilot motions necessary to control the airplane and ensure pilots safety in flight and during airplane motion on the ground 2 11Cockpit doors The cockpit doors consist of organic glass attached to the metal tubular framework The doors are hinged on top and open upward In their open and closed position the doors are retained by pneumatic cylinders Each door can be fixed in ...

Страница 27: ...he right side of fuselage The system is actuated by pulling the deployment handle 2 connected with the cable 3 to the rocket container 4 Then the rocket fires and pulls out the parachute connected with the lanyard 5 via the latch ring 6 and cables 9 to the attachment points 8 and 10 on fuselage structure Position of the attachment points and length of the cables is selected so that the airplane is...

Страница 28: ...S0 stalling speed full flaps 67 36 At maximum takeoff weight and engine at idle 3 3 Crosswind limitation Maximum crosswind component for A 22LS airplane is 7 m s 14 kts It is highly recommended to choose upwind direction for takeoff and landing with the least crosswind It will significantly shorten takeoff and landing distances and increase degree of safety 3 4 Service ceiling Service ceiling of A...

Страница 29: ...power 5 min 5800 rpm Max revolutions no time limit 5500 rpm Min revolutions at idle 1400 rpm Maximum cylinder head temperature at pick up point 150 ºC 300 ºF 135 ºC 284 ºF Oil temperature normal minimum maximum 90 110 ºC 190 250 ºF 50 ºC 120 ºF 140 ºC 285 ºF 90 110 ºC 190 250 ºF 50 ºC 120 ºF 130 ºC 266 ºF Exhaust gas temperature maximum at takeoff maximum normal 880 ºC 1620 ºF 850 ºC 1560 ºF 800 º...

Страница 30: ... empty airplane weight may be determined by weighing the empty airplane with wings and fuselage level using the appropriate scales placed under the nose and main wheels Empty airplane CG position may be determined using the following formula XAE WNW XNW WMW XMW WNW WMW where WNW load weight on the nose wheel XNW cm in position of the nose wheel WMW total load weight on the main wheels XMW cm in po...

Страница 31: ...AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 Fig 23 ...

Страница 32: ...Takeoff Landing run 125 m 410 ft 100 m 328 ft Takeoff Landing distance to from 15 m 50 ft 338 m 1108 ft 243 m 797 ft 5 3 Climb performance The rate of climb depends on atmospheric conditions airplane takeoff weight flap setting and engine type The climb performance data of A 22LS in ISA conditions at MSL maximum takeoff weight are specified in the table below Engine Rotax 912UL Rotax 912ULS Best a...

Страница 33: ...LE 4 Ignition OFF 5 Master switch OFF 6 Fuel valves CLOSE 7 Landing STRAIGHT AHEAD avoid colliding with obstacles 6 2 3 During climb 1 Airspeed 100 kph 54 kts best glide 2 Throttle IDLE 3 Ignition OFF 4 Fuel valves CLOSE 5 Direction TURN to the airfield if altitude permits 6 Landing STRAIGHT AHEAD avoid colliding with obstacles 6 2 4 In flight 1 Airspeed 100 kph 54 kts best glide 2 Landing area SE...

Страница 34: ...t airfield frequency 7 Flaps EXTEND FULLY on final 8 Landing in the SELECTED place avoid colliding with obstacles 9 Touchdown at minimum speed 6 6 Smoke and fire 6 6 1 On ground 1 Ignition OFF 2 Fuel valves CLOSE 3 Unfasten seat belts abandon cockpit 4 Take measures to extinguish the fire or stop formation of smoke 6 6 2 During takeoff 1 THROTTLE IDLE 2 Ignition OFF 3 Fuel valves CLOSE 4 Before li...

Страница 35: ...guish the fire or stop formation of smoke 6 7 Recovery from unintentional stall and spin 1 Rudder pedals FULLY AGAINST ROTATION 2 Yoke PUSH to stops 3 Rotation stopped rudder pedals NEUTRAL 4 Speed reached 100 kph 54 kts PULL YOKE GENTLY to recover from diving Do not exceed 4g and 222 kph 120 kts WARNING Intentional spinning in A 22LS is prohibited NOTE In level flight and during turn stall warnin...

Страница 36: ...7 2 1 Entire airplane 1 Covers and clamps REMOVED 2 Airplane CLEAN of rainwater snow frost ice and dirt 3 Rigging CHECK visually 4 External damage NONE 7 2 2 Power plant 1 Propeller and spinner CLEAN INTACT and SECURE 2 Top cowling REMOVE for engine inspection 3 Oil coolant and braking fluid CHECK level 4 Engine mount and vibration dampers NO CRACKS and INTACT 5 Cables and hoses INTACT and SECURE ...

Страница 37: ...and NO CRACKS 3 Door hinges and lock INTACT 4 Recovery system condition CHECK visually 5 Drain valve CLOSED NO FUEL LEAKS 6 Fuel residue DRAIN and CHECK 7 2 6 Empennage 1 Empennage surface CLEAN and INTACT 2 Clamps stops REMOVED 3 Horizontal stabilizer attachment fittings and bolts INTACT and SECURE 4 Rudder elevator and trim tab CLEAN and INTACT 5 Rudder elevator and trim tab hinge brackets INTAC...

Страница 38: ...ACT 11 Pitot static pressure probe COVER REMOVED CLEAN and INTACT 7 2 9 Cockpit 1 Cockpit interior CLEAN INTACT NO FOREIGN OBJECTS 2 Seats INTACT ADJUSTED and SECURE 3 Harness belts INTACT ADJUSTED and LOCKED with pilots in the seats 4 Doors CLOSED and LOCKED 5 Flight planning including weight and CG check PERFORMED 6 Onboard documentation maps required for the flight AVAILABLE 7 Baggage container...

Страница 39: ...4 Carburetor heating OFF 15 Engine WARM UP at 2000 2500 RPM 16 Required electrical equipment instruments switch ON and ADJUST 17 Ignition TEST at 4000 RPM holding brakes 18 Oil pressure check 2 0 5 0 bar 29 73 psi at above 3500 RPM 7 4 Taxiing 1 Throttle IDLE 2 Parking brake OFF 1 Coolant and oil temperature CHECK 3 Taxiway CHECK CLEAR 4 Throttle SET REQUIRED TAXI SPEED 5 Yoke elevator NEUTRAL ail...

Страница 40: ...UPY 3 Takeoff distance CHECK if sufficient 4 Rudder pedals NEUTRAL 5 Throttle gradually FULL POWER 6 Brakes RELEASE 7 Yoke elevator NEUTRAL ailerons AGAINST CROSSWIND 8 Rudder pedals maintain takeoff direction 9 Yoke PULL gently to lift the nose wheel at 40 kph 22 kts 10 Liftoff at 65 kph 35 kts 11 Accelerate to at least 90 kph 54 kts at 1 2 m 3 7 ft and start to climb 12 Speed SET best angle of c...

Страница 41: ... as required 4 Approach speed on final 100 kph 54 kts 10 kph 5 kts in rain or strong turbulence 5 Too high on final REDUCE RPM at idle SLIP 6 Too low on final INCREASE RPM DO NOT RETRACT FLAPS when flying low over high obstacles or close to the ground 7 11Normal landing 1 Direction ALIGN the airplane WITH THE RUNWAY using rudder pedals 2 Side drift ELIMINATE by banking against the drift crosswind ...

Страница 42: ...t at 5 m 15 ft level off at approximately 0 3 m 1 ft Gradually reduce bank and side drift while flaring and leveling off 7 Throttle IDLE 8 Touchdown at minimum speed at the beginning of the runway Avoid touching ground with the tail 9 Flaps RETRACT 10 Yoke HOLD to reduce the speed and PUSH gently to lower the nose wheel slowly 11 Brakes ENGAGE as required Avoid braking at a high speed or nose whee...

Страница 43: ...ne open the oil tank remove and clean the oil probe and turn the propeller several times until you hear the sound of air bubbles coming into the oil tank which means that the oil from the oil tank was pumped thus into the engine forcing the air from it back into the oil tank Wait a little while the oil lets out the air bubbles and insert the oil probe to see the actual oil level WARNING Do not tur...

Страница 44: ...e cloth may scratch the glass After airplane washing inspect the parts that must be protected from corrosion hinges joints etc Clean them of any remaining water and old grease and lubricate anew 8 5 Disassembling and assembling the airplane Aircraft operation and servicing in some cases may require to disassemble and assemble back the airplane or remove some of its components This section describe...

Страница 45: ... follows 1 Disconnect the control cable from the trim tab arm 2 Disconnect the rudder rod from the elevator arm 3 Undo the nut from the rear attachment bolt 4 Unfasten the forward bolts of horizontal tail attachment to fuselage and remove the stabilizer Insert all fasteners back and secure them fig 25 Disconnection of the horizontal tail ...

Страница 46: ...er cooler drain the oil and close all drain openings with plugs remove the oil cooler disconnect electrical system cables connector is installed on the firewall disconnect the throttle and choke control cables disconnect fuel lines drain the fuel from the float chambers of the carburetors pull away the exhaust pipes and remove the exhaust muffler remove the split pins from engine mount attachment ...

Страница 47: ...below Marking CAS range or value kph kts Significance White arc 67 154 36 83 Positive flap operating range Green arc 83 183 45 99 Normal operating range Yellow arc 183 222 99 120 Maneuvers must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air Red line 222 120 Maximum speed for all operations Fig 26 9 2 Miscellaneous placards and markings All instrument panel markings are shown on Fig 9 Fig 10 and ...

Страница 48: ...ed with the manuals for that kind of equipment or special instruments Airplane owner pilot must follow the instructions of those manuals and respective subsections of this manual to ensure safe and efficient operation of the airplane 10 4Recovery system This airplane may be equipped with a parachute recovery system on customer s request In that case the airplane is supplied with an operation manua...

Страница 49: ...S Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS XXX POH 01 10 6List of installed equipment All equipment installed or replaced in this airplane must be listed in the table below No Description Installed by Date Signature Remarks 1 ...

Страница 50: ...tion about the actual empty weight and respective CG position of the airplane After final assembly major repair overhaul replacement and or additional installation of any equipment the aircraft must be weighed and respective weight and balance data recorded in the table below Empty weight CG position Weighed by Date Signature Remarks ...

Страница 51: ...following a Level flight at various airspeeds and engine power settings Elevator trim tab shall be used for trimming the airplane in pitch b Climb at various airspeeds and full power of the engine Elevator trim tab shall be used for trimming the airplane in pitch c Descending at various airspeeds flap settings and minimum engine power Elevator trim tab shall be used for trimming the airplane in pi...

Страница 52: ...o 100 kph 54 kts and engine speed adjusted so that in the beginning of the final turn the airplane is at approximately 150 m 500 ft 9 It is recommended to make the final turn with a bank angle below 20 While making the final turn its radius may be corrected by changing the bank angle in order to ensure airplane aligning with the runway after the turn It is recommended to keep the airspeed in the r...

Страница 53: ...e abrupt control inputs and exceeding the limit loads due to that During high speed flight the engine parameters must be monitored and exceeding its operational limits must be prevented To recover from a steep spiral the engine RPM must be reduced first and then the airplane must be brought to level flight by deflecting gently the ailerons and elevator Total time of balked landing training 20 minu...

Страница 54: ... landing training 30 minutes Number of flights 1 Number of landings 6 10 8 9 Flights with imitated engine failure The emergency procedures in case of engine failure are described in the section 6 2 When imitating the engine failure it is recommended to reduce the engine RPM to idle While doing that it should be kept in mind that sink rate with the engine stopped is by 0 5 m s 100 fpm higher than t...

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