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Digital Ground Resistance Tester Model 4500

CHAPTER 3

SPECIFICATIONS

3.1

Electrical Specifications

Reference Conditions:

23°C ±3K, 30 to 50% RH; power supply -12V ± 0.2V; no electrical or

magnetic field, no auxiliary rod resistance, no noise voltage.

NOTE:

Specifications given for 60Hz distribution systems; if 50Hz, consult factory.

Ω

10mA or

50mA

Ω

10m

Ω

200

Ω

0.1m

Ω

2000

Ω

2mA or

10mA

20k

Ω

2mA or

10mA

Ranges
Resolution

Recommended
Current Ranges

2mA, 10mA,

or 50mA

Maximum Output Voltage:

38Vrms

Accuracy (see chart on following page):

±2% of Reading ± 1ct from 10% to 100% of range

Test Current Ranges:

2mA, 10mA, 50mA

Maximum Auxiliary Electrode Resistance:

Ry: 50k

on 20

, 200

, 2000

, and

20k

ranges; 5k

on 2

range

Rz: 2mA range: 15k

10mA range: 3000

50mA range: 400

Noise Influence on Accuracy:

0.5% of range (max) to 20V peak-to-peak (20 x peak)

Operating Frequency:

128Hz square wave

Dielectric Test:

2000Vrms, 50/60Hz between four interconnected mea

suring terminals and any external metal ground between line input and

measuring terminals on front panel.

Power Supply:

One built-in rechargeable 12V battery, or external 12V

Battery Life:

4 hrs on 50mA test current (800 15-second measurements)

7 hrs on 2mA and 10mA test currents (1500 15-second measurements)

Содержание 450.100

Страница 1: ...DIGITAL GROUND RESISTANCE TESTER 4500 E N G L I S H User Manual...

Страница 2: ...u ment Please record this number and purchase date for your records GROUND RESISTANCE TESTER MODEL 4500 CATALOG 450 100 SERIAL ________________________________________________ PURCHASE DATE __________...

Страница 3: ...3 7 Safety Specifications 14 4 OPERATION 15 4 1 Grounding Electrode Resistance 15 4 1 1 Effect of Electrode Size Depth on Resistance 17 4 1 2 Effects of Soil Resistivity on Electrode Resistance 18 4 1...

Страница 4: ...esting Battery Voltage 38 5 2 2 Average Operating Time 38 5 2 3 Recharging Built In Battery 39 5 2 4 Power Supply from External Battery 39 5 2 5 Replacing Battery 39 5 2 6 Changing the Supply Voltage...

Страница 5: ...2 These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of per sonnel and proper operation of the instrument The instrument must not be operated beyond its specified operating range Safety is the re...

Страница 6: ...or of any missing items If the equip ment appears to be damaged file a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at once giving a detailed description of any damage Save the damag...

Страница 7: ...iliary Ground Electrodes Cat 100 335 Ground Tester Video Workbook Set Cat 2130 64 25 Calibration Checker Cat 2130 59 Tape Measure AEMC 100 ft Cat 2130 60 NEW Order Accessories and Replacement Parts Di...

Страница 8: ...lectrode resistance is present or when there is a lack of continuity between leads and electrodes A beeper notifies the user if a voltage greater than 20V peak is present between the terminals X and Y...

Страница 9: ...ver from the case apply downward pressure to the rear portion of the cover while gripping it firmly To re attach the cover fit the hinges into the respective housings and apply strong rear to front pr...

Страница 10: ...P1 5 Shorting strip 6 Input Terminal X C1 7 Incorrect measurement indicator 8 Low battery indicator 9 Display 10 Battery charge indicator 11 Supply voltage indicator 12 Jack for power supply cord 13...

Страница 11: ...llowing page 2 of Reading 1ct from 10 to 100 of range Test Current Ranges 2mA 10mA 50mA Maximum Auxiliary Electrode Resistance Ry 50k on 20 200 2000 and 20k ranges 5k on 2 range Rz 2mA range 15k 10mA...

Страница 12: ...50Vrms measurement circuit via 3 15A 250V fuse 3 2 Accuracy Range Resolution Test Current Accuracy in of Reading Maximum Value of Y and Z Electrodes Having Influence 1 Ry Rz 2 2 mA 5m 1ct 2 1ct 2 1ct...

Страница 13: ...50k 1 N A N A See Table 3 N A 0 to 20V DC 2 Rz 0 See Table 3 0 5 10k 1 2mA 0 1 10k 10mA 0 1 3k 50mA 0 1 1k 2mA 0 3 10k 10mA 0 3 3k 50mA 0 3 1k or 5 cts 1 10k 1 1 10 C Operating Conditions of Measurem...

Страница 14: ...levels representing more than 0 5 of the measurement range 3 5 Influence of Auxiliary Resistances In the absence of stray signals the maximum values for Rx Rz which will allow measurements to be perf...

Страница 15: ...200 2 k 20 k Do not use Table 4 3 6 Mechanical Specifications Display 2000 count 7 segment LCD 71 3 1 2 digit Connection Via terminals wires forked lugs with min gap of 6mm banana jacks with 4mm Opera...

Страница 16: ...28800D class 3 Environmental O ring sealed faceplate against water and dust sealed cover when closed IEC529 DIN 0470 T1 EN 61010 1 A2 ed 95 Double Insulation 30V Cat II for measurement 230V Cat II fo...

Страница 17: ...ce in the surrounding earth More specifically A Grounding electrodes are usually made of a very conductive metal copper with adequate cross sections so that overall resistance is negligible B The Nati...

Страница 18: ...y dependent on the depth of the grounding electrode In theory the ground resistance may be derived from the general for mula R Resistance Resistivity x L A Length Area This formula clearly illustrates...

Страница 19: ...than 10 0 25 50 75 100 1 2 5 8 3 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 4 Rod Diameter inches Resistance in Figure 5 Depth As a ground rod is driven deeper into the earth its resistance is substantially reduced In gene...

Страница 20: ...ain low ground resistance The resistivity of the soil varies widely throughout the world and changes sea sonally Soil resistivity is determined largely by its content of electrolytes consisting of moi...

Страница 21: ...nges from 20 to 15 C In this temperature range the resistivity is seen to vary from 7200 to 330 000 ohm centimeters 20 10 0 0 5 15 68 50 32 water 32 ice 23 14 7 200 9 900 13 800 30 000 79 000 330 000...

Страница 22: ...0 ft for Curve 2 In some locations the resistivity of the earth is so high that low resistance grounding can be obtained only at considerable expense and with an elab orate grounding system In such si...

Страница 23: ...Such as copper sulfate sodium carbonate and others Salts must be EPA or local ordinance approved prior to use 4 1 4 Effect of Ground Electrode Depth on Resistance To assist the engineer in determining...

Страница 24: ...htedge on R and P scale and allow to intersect with K scale 4 Mark K scale point 5 Lay straightedge on K scale point and DIA scale and allow to intersect with D scale 6 Point on D scale will be rod de...

Страница 25: ...ecommunications central offices 5 is often the accepted value For lightning protection the arresters should be coupled with a maximum ground resistance of 1 These parameters can usually be met with th...

Страница 26: ...Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association 4 3 Ground Resistance Testing Principle Fall of Potential 3 Point Measurement Three point measurement is u...

Страница 27: ...Z far enough from the ground electrode under test so that the auxiliary potential electrode Y will be outside of the effec tive resistance areas of both the ground electrode and the auxiliary current...

Страница 28: ...tance to ground of the ground X The readings should be plotted to ensure that they lie in a plateau region as shown in Figure 11 X Y Distance Resistance Reading Variation Effective Resistance Areas No...

Страница 29: ...ntials would be great and one could not obtain a reading within a reasonable band of tolerance The sensitive areas overlap and act constantly to increase resistance as Y is moved away from X Distance...

Страница 30: ...4 1 Auxiliary Electrode Spacing No definite distance between X and Z can be given since this distance is relative to the diameter of the electrode tested its length the homogeneity of the soil tested...

Страница 31: ...ground of a live circuit X and Xv C1 P1 are shorted Connect X to the ground rod to be tested Connect Y P2 to the central electrode Connect Z C2 to the farther electrode Use the range selector switch a...

Страница 32: ...e solution to reduce their influ ence is to move both Y and Z electrodes in and arc relative to the X electrode e g try a 90 shift and test again 4 6 2 Point Measurement Simplified Measurement This is...

Страница 33: ...CURRENT 2 10 50 2 20 200 2 20 Grounding conductor Ground level Ground rod Butt plate Utility pole Terminals shorted Auxiliary rod Y Z shorted Figure 16 4 7 Continuity Measurement After the shorting st...

Страница 34: ...ign of a grounding system and it is to that task that this discussion is directed When designing an extensive ground ing system it is advisable to locate the area of lowest soil resistivity in order t...

Страница 35: ...RANSIENT NOISE ELECTRODE RESISTANCE EXTERNAL BATTERY 12 V TEST RANGE TEST CURRENT mA 2 10 50 2 20 200 2 20 50 60 400 Hz_110V b 1a 20 a a a Z electrode Y electrode Xv electrode X electrode DIGITAL GROU...

Страница 36: ...he lower the test current should be Press the TEST button Read the resistance level R indicated on the display In the event of difficulties in performing measurements consult the previous instructions...

Страница 37: ...if the reading is R 15 resistivity 2 x R x A A distance between electrodes 450cm 6 28 x 15 x 450 42 390 cm Z Y X X v TEST RANGE TEST CURRENT 2 10 50 2 20 200 2 20 R B X Xv Y Z A A A DIGITAL GROUND RE...

Страница 38: ...d electrodes are used they are driven in a straight line when four or more are used a hollow square configuration is used and the ground electrodes are still connected in parallel and equally spaced F...

Страница 39: ...180 ft 200 ft 78 ft 87 ft 100 ft 105 ft 118 ft 124 ft 130 ft 136 ft 161 ft 186 ft 211 ft 230 ft 273 ft 310 ft 341 ft 372 ft 390 ft 434 ft 453 ft 125 ft 140 ft 160 ft 170 ft 190 ft 200 ft 210 ft 220 f...

Страница 40: ...5 2 1 Testing Battery Voltage Short circuit the X and Z terminals Turn the current selector see Figure 3 to 50 mA Turn the range selector to 20 Press the Test button If the colon 8 in Figure 3 lights...

Страница 41: ...cted to the appropriate terminals Be sure to observe the proper polarities The external battery does not charge the internal battery NOTE It is not necessary to remove the battery supplied with the in...

Страница 42: ...to the power supply board Pay close attention to the polarities printed on the power supply board 12 V 110V 220V Source Voltage Selection Switch 110V AC 220V AC Power Supply Board 12 V DC 3 15 A Supp...

Страница 43: ...not endanger the instrument 5 2 7 Replacing the Supply Fuse An internal fuse is used to protect the instrument against an improperly selected supply voltage To replace this fuse Remove the six hex sc...

Страница 44: ...instrument from any source of electricity Use a soft cloth lightly dampened with soapy water Rinse with a damp cloth and then dry with a dry cloth Do not use alcohol solvents or hydrocarbons 5 4 Stora...

Страница 45: ...ard calibration or a calibration traceable to N I S T Includes calibration certificate plus recorded calibration data Ship To Chauvin Arnoux Inc d b a AEMC Instruments 15 Faraday Drive Dover NH 03820...

Страница 46: ...u may return the instrument to us for repair provided we have your warranty regis tration information on file or a proof of purchase AEMC Instruments will at its option repair or replace the faulty ma...

Страница 47: ......

Страница 48: ...02 18 99 MAN 100033 v12 Chauvin Arnoux Inc d b a AEMC Instruments 15 Faraday Drive Dover NH 03820 USA Phone 603 749 6434 Fax 603 742 2346 www aemc com...

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