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Chapter 1  

Overview

 

17

The lead wires supplied are of the type used for ECG studies. They click into 
place in the cable yoke, and have snap connectors at the other end to connect 
to typical ECG electrodes. The leads are color-coded for identification. The 
labels on the Bio Amp cable also have color spots to help sort out which cables 
connect where and what they are measuring. (The colors are arbitrary, since 
the PowerLab system is for general-purpose recording.)

Connections to the Octal Bio Amp inputs can be made with the supplied lead 
wires. The input sockets are for unshielded, single-ended lead wires with a 2 
mm inside diameter with 1.5 mm pins.

ADInstruments supplies other types of lead wires that connect to the Bio 
Amp cable yoke, such as EEG Flat Electrodes and dry earth straps. Also 
available are disposable and reusable electrodes, electrode cream (for reusable 
electrodes), and abrasive gel, for lightly abrading the skin before the electrodes 
are attached. 

Types of Measurement

Standard electrophysiology texts describe various standard signals and how to 
measure them. ADInstruments also produces materials describing specific 
uses of Bio Amps, such as Application Notes, that can be downloaded from 
the ADInstruments website or obtained from your ADInstruments 
representative.

The Bio Amp can measure a wide variety of biological signal sources. Some of 
these measurements include: 

ECG

. Electrocardiogram (also referred to as EKG); a recording of surface 

potentials due to electrical currents associated with the heartbeat. 

EEG

. Electroencephalogram; a recording of the electrical activity of the brain. 

Scalp electrodes record potential waves (10–100 μV) representing the 
summed activity of cortical neurons.

To Bio Amp

To Dual Bio Amp

To electrodes

To electrodes

Figure 1–3

Bio Amp cable yokes, with
leads attached: 3 leads for

the Bio Amp, and 5 leads

for the Dual Bio Amp

Содержание Bio Amp

Страница 1: ...Bio Amp Owner s Guide...

Страница 2: ...nts Pty Ltd OtherTrademarks Apple Mac and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer Inc Windows Windows 7 Windows Vista and Windows XP are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Mic...

Страница 3: ...C Input and Output Sockets 15 Analog Output Sockets 15 Audio Out Socket 15 The Bio Amp Cable 16 Types of Measurement 17 Recording Technique 18 2 Setting Up 21 Connecting to the PowerLab 22 Using More...

Страница 4: ...gle Bio Amp 39 Input 39 Filtering 40 Output 40 Control Port 40 Physical Configuration 40 Safety 41 Dual Bio Amp 41 Input 41 Filtering 42 Output 43 Control Port 43 Physical Configuration 43 Safety 43 O...

Страница 5: ...1 it is under the principle that it is a more rigorous standard than other standards that could be chosen and it provides a high safety level for subjects and operators The choice to meet IEC 60601 1...

Страница 6: ...current flow that may otherwise result in injury to the subject Several points must be observed for safe operation of the Bio Amp All Bio Amp front ends except for the ML138 Octal Bio Amp and PowerLab...

Страница 7: ...not be subject to electrical stimulation Always commence stimulation at the lowest current setting and slowly increase the current Stop stimulation if the subject experiences pain or discomfort Do no...

Страница 8: ...n This personal computer should be certified as complying with IEC60950 and should be located outside a 1 8 m radius from the subject so that the subject cannot touch it while connected to the system...

Страница 9: ...er cords should never be modified so as to remove the earth connection The integrity of the protective earth connection between each piece of equipment and the protective earth should be verified regu...

Страница 10: ...n resistance subject leakage and auxiliary currents and power cable integrity can all be performed on the PowerLab system without having to remove the covers Follow the instructions for the testing de...

Страница 11: ...e PowerLab system The Bio Amp allows the PowerLab system to record biological signals such as ECGs EKGs EMGs and EEGs from humans or animals with full electrical isolation This chapter provides an ove...

Страница 12: ...eck that there is no obvious sign of internal damage such as rattling Pick up the front end tilt it gently from side to side and listen for anything that appears to be loose If you have found a proble...

Страница 13: ...mple the Dual Bio Amp has two amplifiers with a shared ground connector and input socket and the Octal Bio Amp has eight differential amplifiers with a shared ground connector and separate inputs The...

Страница 14: ...green connector is a shared ground connection across all eight inputs The Status Indicator The status indicator light of a single Bio Amp is located at the bottom right of the front panel The status...

Страница 15: ...gnals to connected front ends come from the PowerLab ADInstruments front ends are connected to each other in series output to input this is discussed in more detail in the next chapter Analog Output S...

Страница 16: ...re not interchangeable The single Bio Amp is supplied with a 3 lead Bio Amp cable and lead wires The Dual Bio Amp is supplied with a 5 lead Bio Amp cable and lead wires it uses a shared ground signal...

Страница 17: ...lectrodes electrode cream for reusable electrodes and abrasive gel for lightly abrading the skin before the electrodes are attached Types of Measurement Standard electrophysiology texts describe vario...

Страница 18: ...responses in stimulated nerves This is usually done with signal averaging using Scope Bio Amps are unsuitable for work requiring high impedance electrodes or a high bandwidth Such tasks include intrac...

Страница 19: ...uency and loss of the desired signal If the problem is a recurring one one of the leads may be faulty Check connections and replace faulty leads if necessary Make sure that skin is cleaned and lightly...

Страница 20: ...Bio Amp Owner s Guide 20...

Страница 21: ...Bio Amp to your PowerLab and performing a quick test to make sure that it is working properly The best way to configure your system for one or more front ends is discussed along with how to use the f...

Страница 22: ...recording unit Check that the plugs for the I2 C bus are screwed in firmly Check the BNC cable for firm connections as well Loose connectors can cause erratic front end behavior or may cause the fron...

Страница 23: ...light differences in frequency between the isolated power supplies For multiple channel recordings using the Dual Bio Amp instead of two Bio Amps or the Octal Bio Amp instead of two Dual Bio Amps avoi...

Страница 24: ...that it is working properly as described in the owner s guide that was supplied with it 2 Once the PowerLab is ready open either LabChart or Scope While the software is starting watch the Bio Amp s St...

Страница 25: ...els that are turned off The channel number is shown next to the arrows Signal Display The input signal is displayed so you can see the effect of changing the settings no data are recorded while settin...

Страница 26: ...Bio Amp dialog is equivalent to changing it in the Chart window The default setting if you have not loaded a settings file is 100 mV and the ranges go down to 5 V in 14 steps Filtering The Bio Amp has...

Страница 27: ...interference related to the mains frequency both fundamental and harmonic frequencies This is an adaptive filter It adjusts to filter the interference by tracking the input signal for a second Because...

Страница 28: ...ich you can set the units for the channel and using waveform measurements calibrate the channel The waveform in the data display area of the Bio Amp dialog is transferred to the data display area of t...

Страница 29: ...to know the material here to use the Bio Amp It is likely to be of especial interest to the technically minded indicating what the front end can and cannot do and its suitability for particular purpos...

Страница 30: ...p Synch Demod HPF Notch LP F Power Oscillator 10V 10V Re ct Filter x1 x10 x100 x1 x2 x5 Si gnal Input x1 x10 x1 66 Signal Output I 2 C Interface Mi croprocessor Control Audio Output x1 LP F Re store_S...

Страница 31: ...0 Signal Input x1 x10 Output 1 I 2 C Interface Mi croprocessor controller G1 Audio Output x1 Vr ef Au to R estore circuitry Synch Demod Lo w Noise Modulator x1 x10 G1 Vr ef Au to R estore circuitry HP...

Страница 32: ...ends through a special expansion connector called the I2 C eye squared sea bus Front ends are also connected to the analog inputs of the PowerLab via a BNC to BNC cable through which they send the amp...

Страница 33: ...nicate with the PowerLab over the I2 C bus The high pass filters in the Dual Bio Amp are phase matched to within 1 phase shift at the 3 dB frequency to allow for accurate waveform arithmetic The Bio A...

Страница 34: ...ors for each of the eight Bio Amp inputs and a single connector for the shared ground The connectors are physically and electrically isolated to ensure subject safety The Octal Bio Amp should be used...

Страница 35: ...not work earlier chapters the LabChart Help Center and the guide to your PowerLab may contain possible remedies If none of the solutions here or elsewhere are of help then consult your ADInstruments...

Страница 36: ...ersion of the software Contact your ADInstruments representative for information The BNC or I2 C cable is faulty Replace the cable and try again Immediately label all cables proved faulty so that you...

Страница 37: ...een the electrodes and the subject Check the connections for proper contact and try again If you are using the Dual Bio Amp or the Octal Bio Amp with the 0 02 Hz high pass filter the trace can take a...

Страница 38: ...ave the equipment off or if possible move the subject or equipment outside the area of any interfering field At the lowest ranges you may have to shield shorten or even replace the Bio Amp leads since...

Страница 39: ...nnel with isolated ground reference Input impedance 200 M differential 30 pF no cable or 500 pF supplied Bio Amp cable and leads to isolated ground Isolation 4000 Vrms 50 Hz for 1 minute Amplification...

Страница 40: ...uencies software selectable Standard 50 100 200 500 1000 5000 Hz 3 dB EEG mode 3 10 30 60 120 Hz High pass filtering First order filter 0 25 accuracy Frequencies software selectable Standard 0 1 0 3 1...

Страница 41: ...near high voltage RF or strong magnetic fields that may cause interference Method of disposal Forward to recycling centre or return to manufacturer Dual Bio Amp Input Connection type Six pin DIN MS s...

Страница 42: ...cal 1 60 Hz Input leakage current 3 Arms 240V 50 Hz 2 Arms 120V 60 Hz DC blocking 1 V Baseline restoration Automatic or manual Filtering Low pass filtering Fourth order Bessel filter 3 accuracy Freque...

Страница 43: ...Power requirements 3 W Operating conditions 5 35 C 0 90 humidity non condensing Safety Safety Approved to IEC601 1 1988 including A1 A2 CF rated cardiac protection EMC Approved to IEC601 1 2 1993 Oth...

Страница 44: ...owerLab and Bio Amp 100 mV 50 mV 20 mV 10 mV 5 mV 2 mV 1 mV 500 V 200 V 100 V 50 V 20 V 10 V 5 V Gain accuracy 1 5 all ranges Non linearity 0 1 within range Noise at various bandwidths 1 Hz to 5 kHz 1...

Страница 45: ...ic sensing Output Signal 2 0 V standard Audio output Stereo output supplying signals from both data channels 200 mV full scale current limited to 5 mA Suitable for headphones or powered speakers Contr...

Страница 46: ...lammable anaesthetic air mixtures Avoid operating near high voltage RF or strong magnetic fields that may cause interference Method of Disposal Forward to recycling centre or return to manufacturer AD...

Страница 47: ...uptions it is recommended that the device be powered from an uninterruptible power supply or a battery Power frequency magnetic fields should be at levels characteristic of a typical location in a typ...

Страница 48: ...Bio Amp Owner s Guide 48...

Страница 49: ...fferential inputs 15 22 E electromagnetic compatibility 47 F filtering 26 27 front panel 13 15 front end driver 24 36 front ends general 12 13 I input socket 33 I2C bus 13 15 32 L LabChart 23 27 M mai...

Страница 50: ...Amp Owner s Guide 50 status indicator 14 storage 10 T technical specifications 39 46 triboelectric effects 19 U user modification voids warranty 29 using ADInstruments programs 23 28 using this guide...

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