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CCTV

The Sony Guide to

this is not a rehearsal.

Issue

3

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Summary of Contents for ExwaveHAD SPT-M320CE

Page 1: ...CCTV The Sony Guide to this is not a rehearsal Issue 3 ...

Page 2: ...Where should it be used Light Choosing a Camera Selecting the Correct Lens Which Monitor Transmission of Video Signals Video Switching and Multiplexing CCTV Systems Control Recording Sony CCTV Products Basic CCTV Terminology 1 2 6 7 8 11 15 18 20 23 25 26 28 32 Contents ...

Page 3: ...recept is that businesses particularly retail often underestimate the true extent of losses The importance of conducting a detailed audit and survey before even considering technology cannot be over emphasised Where CCTV is used in town centre schemes the principal objective is to improve the quality of life for the inhabitants by reducing actual and perceived crime Continuing Government support f...

Page 4: ...The new colour video monitors nine SSM 20N5E and two SSM 14N5E were chosen for their clarity and sharpness of picture particularly suited to surveillance monitoring The Trinitron CRT Cathode Ray Tube which has upgraded resolution from a typical 250 to 600 lines gives a markedly crisper and more stable image The face of the Trinitron is based on the shape of a cylinder rather than a sphere ensuring...

Page 5: ...solution and identification capability the cameras are located on platforms in passages and ticket halls as well as close to the new Help Points where customers can communicate with London Underground staff or with British Transport Police As British Transport Police Public Affairs Manager Simon Lubin explains crime on the Underground has reduced by 22 per cent since 1990 with one important contri...

Page 6: ...same time there had to be an obvious deterrent and the means to identify criminal activity and summon assistance Key to the effective running of the system has been a pilot of the Sony PMS 400 500 at Daewoo s Slough showroom The Sony Codec is designed to control CCTV equipment and transmit information from any number of remote sites in the form of high quality pictures and audio to a central point...

Page 7: ...ation Only the HSR 1P provided a complete integrated solution with the digital recording cached to hard disk and then copied to the integral DV tape Paul Bromley Farsight IT Manager says the HSR can be linked with Sony s PMS video transmission system allowing both units to be controlled from one software platform giving a totally integrated solution The use of DV technology gives the HSR 1P an imp...

Page 8: ...red some equipment offers a Y C facility where the luminance signal Y and the chrominance C is divided Over long distances for example in Town Centre systems fibre optic transmission has become popular Where this option is too expensive ISDN offers a cost effective alternative for event driven surveillance systems As well as the full range of property protection and control applications CCTV offer...

Page 9: ...CCTV has many applications in public safety Traffic control Alarm Verification Crowd control Insurance claim assessment Public access Staff control Car park security Shopping precinct security Industrial process control Benefits CCTV offers increased efficiency and the faster detection of problems As a result its benefits include Reduced security running costs Faster response to problems Increased...

Page 10: ...in colour combinations than others The best results are usually obtained by matching the spectral response of the camera to the light illuminating the scene The amount of light reflected from an object determines how bright it appears Here are some typical reflective figures These figures relate to the minimum level of lighting required for security purposes to everyday light It can easily be seen...

Page 11: ...king area 15 Good main road lighting 10 Sunset 5 Typical side road lighting 2 Minimum security risk lighting 1 Twilight 0 3 Clear full moon 0 1 Typical moonlight cloudy sky 0 001 Typical starlight 0 0001 Poor starlight Metric unit of measurement of light 9 For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre 01932 816340 Light ...

Page 12: ...ery often this will result in the subject becoming an unidentifiable silhouette The problem is exacerbated where bright spots in the images cause vertical smearing The answer is to specify a camera which has effective backlight compensation This can be operated automatically by Smart Control within the camera or where the position of the subject is pre determined can be pre selected It is helpful ...

Page 13: ...ance for high sensitivity and low noise Third inch Most popular and ideal for a wide range of applications Quarter inch A more recent development Benefits of CCD Technology Long Life Produced with a design life of up to 10 years Shock Resistant Much more rugged than older tube technology Size and Weight Have enabled the miniaturisation of cameras Spectral Response Responsive in the near infra red ...

Page 14: ... the lens cuts down the available light ii At the lens This is closer to the specification we are looking for because it goes some way to describing the specification in real life Which lens The lower the F number of the lens used the better the result For example Camera one quotes 0 8 lux full video with an F1 0 lens Camera two quotes 0 8 lux full video with an F1 2 lens Camera two is the more se...

Page 15: ...CD Technology A key question to consider is whether colour or black and white cameras should be selected Not many people now watch black and white television in their homes a colour picture is easier to interpret provides more information and is more natural than a monochrome one In surveillance applications the split currently between colour and monochrome is about 50 50 In recent years the price...

Page 16: ...e result of these developments is a degree of sensitivity that can handle twilight light levels while still producing accurate colour images even with rapidly moving objects Smear is caused by the leakage of light onto the vertical shift register creating a vertical bar across the image which can render it useless and is a common problem with cameras in low light or where there are bright spots in...

Page 17: ...he shorter the focal length the wider the angle of coverage One particular angle of coverage produces a picture very similar to that seen by the human eye A lens giving this angle is called a normal lens The focal length of a normal lens is approximately equal to the diagonal of the picture area For example for a 2 3 inch camera the normal lens would have a focal length of 16mm A 1 2 inch camera w...

Page 18: ...fect Most CCTV lenses have a built in mechanism called an iris This allows the aperture to be changed to accommodate varying light levels The largest aperture setting is often used to define the maximum light gathering capability of the lens the lens speed A lens with a maximum aperture of F 1 6 is referred to as an F 1 6 lens and is said to be faster than say an F 4 2 or F 8 lens The iris setting...

Page 19: ...void the complexities of lenses with automatic irises manufacturers have developed electronic shutters These achieve the same light adjustment with simpler fixed iris lenses The CCD iris common to most Sony CCTV cameras automatically controls image exposure by electronically adjusting the incoming light levels Cameras with Built in Lens Some cameras are now available with a built in lens Sony manu...

Page 20: ...at the system is correctly terminated Some monitors will do this automatically but others have a switch located at the rear This should be set according to whether the signal is being looped out of the monitor High Impedance or is terminating in which case it should set to 75 ohms The last item of equipment in the system should be set to 75 ohms if it does not auto terminate Video signals usually ...

Page 21: ...ilar range of sizes These monitors usually accept only composite colour signals although where very high quality images are required monitors with a Y C luminance and chrominance input should be used Two principal types of colour CRTs are currently in use the shadow mask CRT and the Trinitron The face of the shadow mask type is based on the shape of a sphere whereas the Trinitron is based on the s...

Page 22: ...d copper wires surrounded by a flexible insulating material such as polythene It is recommended that for CCTV a solid polythene type coaxial should be used to give maximum high frequency performance The outer conductor consists of a copper braid wound around the insulation To protect the cable from moisture and damage it is covered with a tough PVC sheath Sony CCTV cameras can be powered via the T...

Page 23: ...lower transmission losses than conventional cables and are virtually immune to electrical interference Developments in laser technology have made optical fibre a useful means of video transmission The video signal modulates the laser beam which is then transmitted through the fibre Picture quality remains excellent over distances greater than 50km ISDN Transmission An increasingly popular method o...

Page 24: ...applications and are increasingly being manufactured to international standards H 320 H 261 ITU T recommendation 22 The Sony Guide to CCTV Issue 3 Transmission of Video Signals Personal Computer PMS 400P 500P ISDN PMS 400P 500P RS232C Local Remote ...

Page 25: ...displays in the order that the operator selects The operator can also hold one particular camera if he wishes to observe some relevant activity can skip channels if they do not at that time require monitoring and adjust the dwell time for each camera Automatic switchers also normally have an alarm programming option which can override any manual settings 23 For more information contact the Sony Bu...

Page 26: ...ewer images per camera are captured if eight cameras were connected that refresh rate would extend to one image every 1 73 seconds In the majority of cases these types of refresh rates provide sufficient information to enable incidents to be reviewed effectively Problems may arise if the video recorder is a time lapse machine recording many cameras over long periods For example if 16 cameras were ...

Page 27: ...s of 16 pulses and depending upon the function required pan tilt or zoom sends the appropriate pulses to a receiver which interprets them and carries out the function Housings and Enclosures These protect the CCTV camera lens assembly Used in both internal and external applications housings also protect against dust vandalism and extreme weather conditions Many different housings are available wit...

Page 28: ...nding the recording period of the tape The number of fields is further reduced when the VCR is recording multiple cameras from for example a multiplexer VHS VCRs record around 300 TV lines horizontal resolution in monochrome and 240 TV lines in colour The requirement to record higher resolution images has led to an increase in the use of Super VHS VCRs which record about 400 TV lines These are rec...

Page 29: ...f Law Lords who have concluded that the same procedural requirements which apply to analogue recording are also applicable to this more recent technology Video Printers A useful part of larger systems a printer can produce hard copy images either from live or recorded cameras 27 For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre 01932 816340 Recording DV Tape Drive HSR 1P Recording ...

Page 30: ... Third inch 330 TVL 1 2Lux SSC CX34P Third inch 470 TVL c w 12x motorised zoom lens Monochrome CCD Cameras SSC M370CE Half inch 570 TVL 0 3Lux SPT M304 308CE Third inch 570 TVL 0 25Lux SPT M320 324 328CE ExwaveHAD third inch 570 TVL SPT M122 4 8CE Third inch 380 TVL 0 1Lux Sony CCTV Products 28 The Sony Guide to CCTV Issue 3 ...

Page 31: ...ch 250 TVL Monochrome Video Monitors SSM 930CE 9 inch 750 TVL DC clamp SSM 125CE 12 inch 750 TVL DC clamp and dual inputs SSM 175CE 17 inch 850 TVL DC clamp and dual inputs SSM Q177CE 17 inch 850 TVL built in quad processor and sequential switcher 29 For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre 01932 816340 Sony CCTV Products ...

Page 32: ...C option SVT 5050P 960 hour VHS RS232C option SVT S3050P 168 hour Super VHS RS 232C option SVT RS1A RS 232C Interface Board SVT RM10 Wired Remote Control TPK Series 10 000 hour service kits for all VCRs ISDN Transmission PMS 500P Transmitter receiver codec PMS 400P Transmitter codec 30 The Sony Guide to CCTV Issue 3 Sony CCTV Products ...

Page 33: ...nnel multiplexer Multiplexers YS SX210CE Mono simplex 10 channel YS SX310P Colour simplex 10 channel YS DX216CE Mono duplex 16 channel YS DX316P Colour duplex 16 channel Quad YS Q440P Colour 4 channel 31 For more information contact the Sony Business Information Centre 01932 816340 Sony CCTV Products ...

Page 34: ... limit for black peaks in the picture CCD Charge Coupled Device The latest technology for imaging devices There are two main types Interline transfer and Interframe transfer CCTV A Closed Circuit Television System which is for private purposes only and not for public or general broadcasting CODEC Short for coder decoder An ISDN transmission system designed to the international teleconferencing sta...

Page 35: ...m develop a conductive loop between them HAD SENSOR An improved type of semi conductor sensor which gives cameras a better smear and noise performance HDR Hard Disk Recorder A device which captures images to hard disk HSR Hybrid Surveillance Recording A combination of hard disk and Digital Video in one recording machine which greatly increase the storage capacity over HDR HYPER HAD An improved ver...

Page 36: ...device to different wavelengths of light Typically between the ultra violet and infra red spectrum SYNC GENERATOR Device that produces a synchronisation signal SUPER VHS VCR recording system that enables recording of 400 TV lines horizontal resolution as compared with ordinary VHS of 240 TV lines TELEMETRY Electronic method of controlling functions such as pan tilt zoom focus generally via coaxial...

Page 37: ... Other First name Surname Job title Company Organisation name Address Town County Postcode Tel Fax Email If you know of anyone who would like to receive this guide please ask them to call 0990 331122 If you would like to receive information about Sony CCTV equipment or any other product from the Sony range of broadcast professional products please complete your details on pre paid reply card below...

Page 38: ...Sony Broadcast Professional UK FREEPOST OF1503 PO Box 21 Thame Oxon OX9 3ZY NO STAMP REQUIRED ...

Page 39: ...The Sony Guide to CCTV Issue 3 Written by Brian Kelly Edited by Carey Green Designed by Peter Courtley Sony Publications Manager Jackie Cook ...

Page 40: ...ted Kingdom Limited The Heights Brooklands Weybridge Surrey KT13 0XW Sony Trinitron Mavica HyperHAD Smart Control ExwaveHAD and Triple Multiplex are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation Japan August 1999 Sony United Kingdom Limited CA CCTVGUIDE3 ...

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