YOKOGAWA WT300E User Manual Download Page 113

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6-4

IM WT310E-02EN

6.4 Calibration and Adjustment

For calibration and adjustment, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

Summary of Contents for WT300E

Page 1: ...WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E Digital Power Meter Getting Started Guide IM WT310E 02EN 4th Edition User s Manual ...

Page 2: ...asing YOKOGAWA products YOKOGAWA provides registered users with a variety of information and services Please allow us to serve you best by completing the product registration form accessible from our website http tmi yokogawa com PIM 103 04E ...

Page 3: ...tion of Yokogawa offices worldwide is provided on the following sheet Document No Description PIM 113 01Z2 List of worldwide contacts Notes The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of continuing improvements to the instrument s performance and functionality The figures given in this manual may differ from those that actually appear on your screen Every eff...

Page 4: ...er Meter Two input element model WT333E WT333E Digital Power Meter Three input element model Communication interface C1 GP IB interface The instrument is equipped with one of these C2 RS 232 interface Power cord1 D UL CSA Standard power cord Part No A1006WD Maximum rated voltage 125 V F VDE Standard power cord Part No A1009WD Maximum rated voltage 250 V H GB Standard power cord Part No A1064WD Max...

Page 5: ...wer cord meets the designated standards of the country and area that you are using it in 2 A single instrument cannot have both the EX1 and EX2 options 3 Prepare a power cord that complies with the standard specified by the country or region that the instrument will be used in For products whose suffix code contains Z an exclusive manual may be included Please read it along with the standard manua...

Page 6: ...the designated standards of the country and area that you are using it in If the suffix code is Y a power cord is not included 2 Same number of sets as the number of installed input elements WT310E One set with one hexagonal socket wrench WT310EH One set with one hexagonal socket wrench WT332E Two sets with one hexagonal socket wrench WT333E Three sets with one hexagonal socket wrench For instruct...

Page 7: ...erFreePlus Application Software For WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E WTViewerFreePlus_Installer exe WTViewerFreePlus folder YKMUSB folder PDF of the Manual for the WTViewerFreePlus Application Software These manuals are in the Manuals folder English File Name Manual Title Manual No WTViewerFreePlus User s Manual pdf Application Software WTViewerFreePlus for WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E User s Manual I...

Page 8: ...one set Rated voltage 1000 V 12 Alligator clip adapter set 758922 1 Two pieces in one set For use with measurement lead 758917 Rated voltage 300 V 1 758929 1 Two pieces in one set For use with measurement lead 758917 Rated voltage 1000 V 1 Fork terminal adapter set 758921 1 Two pieces in one set For use with measurement lead 758917 Rated voltage 1000 V 1 Rated current 25 A Conversion adapter 75892...

Page 9: ...llowing symbols are used on this instrument Warning handle with care Refer to the user s manual or service manual This symbol appears on dangerous locations on the instrument which require special instructions for proper handling or use The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the manual to identify those instructions Electric shock danger Ground earth or functional ground terminal do...

Page 10: ...r the Protective Grounding Never cut off the internal or external protective earth wire or disconnect the wiring of the protective earth terminal Doing so may result in electric shock or damage to the instrument Do Not Use When the Protection Functions Are Defective Before using this instrument check that the protection functions such as the protective grounding and fuse are working properly If yo...

Page 11: ...e item under measurement correctly Check that there are no short circuits between terminals or between connected cables The cables are connected firmly to the current input terminals There are no problems with the current input terminals and the crimping terminals such as the presence of foreign substances During measurement never touch the terminals and the connected cables when the item under me...

Page 12: ...ents Brancher la prise de terre Avant de mettre l instrument sous tension penser à brancher la prise de terre pour éviter tout choc électrique Le cordon d alimentation à utiliser est un cordon d alimentation à trois broches Brancher le cordon d alimentation sur une prise de courant à trois plots et mise à la terre Ne pas entraver la mise à la terre de protection Ne jamais neutraliser le fil de ter...

Page 13: ...trée de courant Les câbles de mesure du courant n ont pas été malencontreusement branchés sur les bornes d entrée de tension Pour la mesure d alimentation multiphase vérifier que le câblage est correct Les câbles ont été correctement branchés sur le secteur et sur l appareil à mesurer Vérifier qu il n y a pas de court circuit entre les bornes ou les câbles Les câbles sont correctement raccordés au...

Page 14: ...ils sont spécifiés comme accessoires Ne pas utiliser d accessoires défectueux ATTENTION Limitations relatives à l environnement opérationnel Ce produit est classé dans classe A pour utilisation dans des environnements industriels L utilisation de ce produit dans un zone résidentielle peut entraîner une interférence radio que l utilisateur sera tenu de rectifier Safety Precautions ...

Page 15: ...rective This directive is valid only in the EU Batteries are included in this product This marking indicates they shall be sorted out and collected as ordained in the EU battery directive Battery type Lithium battery You cannot replace batteries by yourself When you need to replace batteries contact your local Yokogawa Europe B V office Authorized Representative in the EEA Yokogawa Europe B V is t...

Page 16: ...that can be taken to prevent such occurrences CAUTION Calls attentions to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to the user or damage to the instrument or user s data and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences French AVERTISSEMENT Attire l attention sur des gestes ou des conditions susceptibles de provoquer des blessures graves voire mortelles et sur les précaution...

Page 17: ...s and then press SETUP UTILITY A menu appears in display B 2 Use or to select StorE Pressing either key cycles through 9 menu items 3 Press SET to confirm the selection of StorE The StorE function menu that you selected in step 2 appears in display C 4 Use or to select oFF or on Pressing either key cycles through 3 menu items 5 Press SET to confirm the selection of oFF The selected or set item is ...

Page 18: ...Perform key operations Initialize settings User s Manual Chapter 2 Set the Measurement Conditions Measurement conditions User s Manual Section 4 1 Section 4 2 Section 4 3 Section 4 4 Section 4 5 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Display Measured Computed Results Voltage current and active power Apparent power reactive power and power factor Phase angle and frequency Peak value Crest factor etc Integrated power ...

Page 19: ... 2 7 Wiring for Accurately Measuring a Single phase Device 2 19 2 8 Guide for Selecting the Method Used to Measure the Power 2 20 2 9 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement for Direct Input 2 21 2 10 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement When Using Current Sensors 2 38 2 11 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement When Using a Voltage or Current Transformer 2 45 2 12 Connecting to a PC via USB Installing...

Page 20: ...acy 7 5 7 4 Features 7 9 7 5 External Current Sensor Input EX1 and EX2 options 7 14 7 6 D A Output DA4 DA12 Options 7 14 7 7 Remote Control Input Output Signal DA4 DA12 Options 7 15 7 8 GP IB Interface Standard on C1 7 15 7 9 Serial RS 232 Interface Standard on C2 7 15 7 10 USB PC Interface 7 15 7 11 Ethernet Interface C7 Option 7 16 7 12 Safety Terminal Adapter 7 16 7 13 General Specifications 7 ...

Page 21: ...ace Communication Interface User s Manual External I O connector For connecting D A output and remote control cables chapter 5 For connecting voltage measurement cables sections 2 8 to 2 11 Voltage input terminals Current input terminal For connecting current measurement cables sections 2 8 2 9 and 2 11 External current sensor input terminal For connecting cables from an external current sensor se...

Page 22: ...1 2 IM WT310E 02EN Top Panel Vent holes section 2 2 Inlet holes section 2 2 There are also inlet holes on the bottom panel 1 1 Front Panel Rear Panel and Top Panel ...

Page 23: ...Interface User s Manual External I O connector For connecting D A output and remote control cables chapter 5 For connecting voltage measurement cables sections 2 8 to 2 11 Voltage input terminals Current input terminal For connecting current measurement cables sections 2 8 2 9 and 2 11 External current sensor input terminal For connecting cables from an external current sensor section 2 10 Etherne...

Page 24: ...1 4 IM WT310E 02EN Top Panel Vent holes section 2 2 Inlet holes section 2 2 There are also inlet holes on the bottom panel 1 1 Front Panel Rear Panel and Top Panel ...

Page 25: ...R LINE Lights when the line filter is enabled Frequency filter indicator FILTER FREQ Lights when the frequency filter is enabled Storage indicator STORE When you start storage this indicator blinks at the pace at which storage is taking place Remote indicator REMOTE Lights when this instrument is in remote mode Harmonic measurement display indicator HARMONICS Lights when the harmonic measurement d...

Page 26: ...ILTER FREQ Lights when the frequency filter is enabled Storage indicator STORE When you start storage this indicator blinks at the pace at which storage is taking place Remote indicator REMOTE Lights when this instrument is in remote mode Harmonic measurement display indicator HARMONICS Lights when the harmonic measurement display is on Key protection indicator KEY PROTECT Lights when the keys are...

Page 27: ...instrument uses a 7 segment LED display numbers letters and mathematical symbols are displayed using special characters in the manner shown below Some of the characters shown below are not used by this instrument 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T Lowercase c Lowercase h U V W X Y Z exponentiation ...

Page 28: ... Mode VOLTAGE Key Displays the voltage range setting menu The AUTO indicator lights when the range is set to AUTO CURRENT Key Displays the current range setting menu The AUTO indicator lights when the range is set to AUTO SHIFT VOLTAGE MODE Key Switches the measurement mode Wiring System WIRING Key Only on the WT332E WT333E Select the wiring system that corresponds to the wiring system you are usi...

Page 29: ... held press SINGLE to measure data only once at the set data update interval and then update and hold the displayed values General Purpose Keys and Keys Select features and set values SHIFT Key Moves the digit that is being set in a value to the right or from the farthest right position back to the farthest left position SHIFT Key Moves the decimal point to the right or from the farthest right pos...

Page 30: ...time SHIFT STOP Key RESET Resets the integrated value and the elapsed integration time Communication Interface INTERFACE Key Displays the communication interface setting menu and connection information Key Lock SHIFT INTERFACE KEY PROTECT Key Turns key protection on and off The key protection indicator lights and the front panel keys are locked Press this key combination again to unlock the keys 1...

Page 31: ...d D A output settings SHIFT SAVE LOAD HARMONICS Key Displays a setting menu for turning the harmonic measurement display on and off setting the PLL source etc SHIFT Key When you press the SHIFT key once an indicator illuminates and you can access the features that are written in purple below each key Pressing the key again disables the shifted state Holding the key for at least two seconds enables...

Page 32: ...Meanings of Auto Range Monitor Indicators Color Description Red Peak overrange Magenta Greater than 140 1 280 3 of the rated range overrange Yellow Greater than 130 2 260 3 of the rated range and not more than 140 1 280 3 condition for raising the auto range Cyan 30 or less of the rated range condition for reducing the auto range If the range is already at the minimum measurement range this indica...

Page 33: ...n the measurement range function or element is switched and the displayed contents change or when there is no data to display the following dashes are displayed temporarily Error Displayed in cases such as when a measured value is outside of its determined range 1 5 Auto Range Overrange and Error Indications During Measurement ...

Page 34: ... memory Numeric data storage Recorder Numeric data Setup parameters PC Printer Integration start Integration stop Hold single USB interface GP IB interface RS 232 interface Ethernet interface optional D A output option Measured values are transmitted as DC voltages WT332E WT333E WT310E WT310EH This instrument is standard equipped with a GP IB or RS 232 interface whichever you choose ...

Page 35: ...cord Pull from the plug If the power cord is damaged or if you are using the instrument in a location where the power supply specifications are different purchase a power cord that matches the specifications of the region that the instrument will be used in Operating Environment and Conditions This instrument complies with the EMC standard under specific operating environment and operating conditi...

Page 36: ...hand caught between the wall installation surface or other objects and the instrument French AVERTISSEMENT Lorsque vous attrapez ou rabattez la poignée veillez à ne pas vous coincer la main entre la poignée et l instrument Lorsque vous déplacez l instrument veillez à ne pas vous coincer la main entre l instrument et le mur la surface d installation ou tout autre objet When Cleaning the Instrument ...

Page 37: ...at meets the following conditions Flat Even Surface Use the instrument on a stable surface that is level in all directions If you use the instrument on an unstable or tilted surface the accuracy of its measurements may be impeded Well Ventilated Location Inlet and vent holes are located on the top and bottom of the instrument To prevent internal overheating allow at least 20 mm of space around the...

Page 38: ...ambient humidity is 30 or less take measures to prevent static electricity such as using an anti static mat Condensation may occur if the instrument is moved to another place where the ambient temperature or humidity is higher or if the temperature changes rapidly In these kinds of circumstances wait for at least an hour before using the instrument to acclimate it to the surrounding temperature St...

Page 39: ... the handle or movable legs be careful not to get your hand caught between the handle or movable legs and the instrument Handling the movable legs or handle without firmly supporting the instrument can be dangerous Please take the following precautions Only handle the movable legs or handle when the instrument is on a stable surface Do not handle the movable legs or handle when the instrument is t...

Page 40: ...ment WT310E WT310EH Rotate the handle to position 8 see the figure on the previous page and then pull out the rotating base of the handle by approximately 10 mm on both sides WT332E WT333E Remove the handle attachment section cover and remove the handle attachment screws Rotating base To remove the handle rotate the handle to position 8 and then pull out the rotating base of the handle by approxim...

Page 41: ...AC outlet that is compatible with the power cord that you will be using and you cannot ground the instrument do not use the instrument French AVERTISSEMENT Assurez vous que la tension d alimentation correspond à la tension d alimentation nominale de l appareil et qu elle ne dépasse pas la plage de tension maximale du cordon d alimentation à utiliser Brancher le cordon d alimentation après avoir vé...

Page 42: ...Permitted supply voltage range 90 VAC to 132 VAC 180 VAC to 264 VAC Rated power supply frequency 50 60 Hz Permitted supply frequency range 48 Hz to 63 Hz Maximum power consumption WT310E WT310EH 50 VA WT332E WT333E 70 VA This instrument can use a 100 V or a 200 V power supply The maximum rated voltage differs according to the type of power cord Check that the voltage supplied to the instrument is ...

Page 43: ...0 seconds before you turn it on again When the Power on Operation Does Not Finish Normally If the instrument does not operate as described above when the power switch is turned on turn the power switch off and then Check that the power cord is securely connected Check that the correct voltage is coming to the power outlet section 2 3 Connecting the Power Supply After checking the above try turning...

Page 44: ...battery When the lithium battery voltage falls below a specified value you will no longer be able to store setup parameters and error code 901 will appear on the screen when you turn on the power see section 6 2 Error Code Descriptions and Corrective Actions If this message appears frequently you need to replace the battery soon Do not try to replace the battery yourself Contact your nearest YOKOG...

Page 45: ...rminals are electrically connected inside the instrument When connecting a measurement cable from an external current sensor to an external current sensor input terminal remove the cables connected to the current input terminals Also when the voltage of the circuit under measurement is being applied to the external current sensor input terminals do not touch the current input terminals Doing so is...

Page 46: ...factor is 3 5 mA to 200 mA range When the crest factor is 6 or 6A 2 5 mA to 100 mA range Peak value of 150 A or rms value of 100 A whichever is less WT310EH When the crest factor is 3 1 A to 40 A range When the crest factor is 6 or 6A 0 5 A to 20 A range Peak value of 450 A or rms value of 300 A whichever is less External current sensor input Peak value less than or equal to 10 times the range Ins...

Page 47: ...f 20 A whichever is less WT310EH When the crest factor is 3 1 A to 40 A range When the crest factor is 6 or 6A 0 5 A to 20 A range Peak value of 100 A or rms value of 44 A whichever is less External current sensor input Peak value less than or equal to 5 times the range CAUTION Use measurement cables with dielectric strengths and current capacities that are appropriate for the voltage or current b...

Page 48: ...t d un câble de mesure d un capteur de courant externe sur un connecteur d entrée de capteur de courant externe retirer les câbles branchés sur les bornes d entrée de courant De plus lorsque la tension du circuit à mesurer est appliquée aux bornes d entrée de capteur de courant externe ne pas toucher les bornes d entrée de courant car elles sont connectées électroniquement à l intérieur de l instr...

Page 49: ... de crête est de 3 de 5 mA à 200 mA gamme Lorsque le facteur de crête est de 6 de 2 5 mA à 100 mA gamme Valeur crête de 150 A ou valeur efficace de 100 A selon la valeur la plus basse WT310EH Lorsque le facteur de crête est de 3 de 1 A à 40 A gamme Lorsque le facteur de crête est de 6 de 0 5 A à 20 A gamme Valeur crête de 450 A ou valeur efficace de 300 A selon la valeur la plus basse Entrée de ca...

Page 50: ...r un courant de 20 A utiliser des fils en cuivre à section transversale conductrice de 4 mm2 Le branchement d un câble de mesure sur ce produit peut entraîner une interférence radio que l utilisateur sera tenu de rectifier Note If you are measuring large currents or voltages or currents that contain high frequency components take special care in dealing with mutual interference and noise when you ...

Page 51: ...1 Remove approximately 10 mm of the covering from the end of the cable and pass the cable through the internal insulator Cable Internal insulator Attachable cable Covering max diameter 3 9 mm Core wire max diameter 1 8 mm 10 mm 2 Insert the tip of the cable into the plug Fasten the cable in place using the hexagonal wrench Insert the hexagonal wrench into the plug and tighten Plug Hexagonal wrench...

Page 52: ...rminal Use the clamp on probes sold separately as shown below 96030 96031 96001 voltage output type 751552 current output type 758917 758921 758924 Current under measurement Connecting a clamp on probe WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E EXT input terminal Current input terminals Current input terminals EXT input terminal 96001 terminal When you are connecting to the 96030 96031 or 758924 remove the term...

Page 53: ...ou can minimize the effects of stray capacitance on measurement accuracy by connecting the instrument s current input terminal to the side that is closest to the earth potential of the power supply SOURCE SOURCE LOAD U I C V LOAD U V I C SOURCE Easily affected Not easily affected SOURCE LOAD U I C V SOURCE LOAD U I C V Effects of the Measured Voltage and Current Amplitudes SOURCE LOAD U I C V LOAD...

Page 54: ...e section 2 11 Direct input Voltage transformer VT Current Measurement Methods When the Voltage Is 600 V or Less When the Current Is 20 A or Less When the Current Exceeds 20 A When the Current Is 40 A or Less When the Current Exceeds 40 A When the Voltage Exceeds 600 V section 2 9 Current wiring Product name Direct input is not possible Shunt type current sensors cannot be used section 2 10 sectio...

Page 55: ...nput Terminals Voltage Input Terminals The terminals are safety banana jacks female that are 4 mm in diameter Only insert a safety terminal whose conductive parts are not exposed into a voltage input terminal If you are using the included 758931 Safety Terminal Adapter see section 2 6 758931 Voltage input terminals WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E Current Input Terminals The terminals are binding post...

Page 56: ... current input terminal and crimp on lugs French AVERTISSEMENT Lorsque la tension du circuit à mesurer est appliquée aux bornes d entrée de courant ne pas toucher les bornes d entrée de capteur de courant externe car elles sont connectées électroniquement à l intérieur de l instrument ce qui présente un danger Lors du branchement d un câble de mesure d un capteur de courant externe sur un connecte...

Page 57: ...to insert the new stopper into the terminal base and hold it in place Hold the stopper with tweezers and insert it into the terminal base Wrap adhesive tape around a flathead screwdriver so that the adhesive side of the tape faces outward then attach the stopper to the adhesive tape Flathead screwdriver Tweezers Adhesive tape Stopper shaft Center hole 4 Align the shaft of the stopper with the hole...

Page 58: ...current input terminals are labeled as U and I respectively Voltage input terminals Current input terminals V VOLTAGE terminal C CURRENT terminal CAUTION The thick lines on the wiring diagrams are the parts where the current flows Use wires that are suitable for the current levels French ATTENTION Les lignes épaisses sur les schémas de câblage illustrent l acheminement du courant Utiliser des fils...

Page 59: ...s of terminal wiring positions shown in the following figures for wiring the voltage input and current input terminals To select which pattern to use see section 2 7 SOURCE LOAD U I C V LOAD U V I C SOURCE SOURCE LOAD SOURCE LOAD SOURCE LOAD SOURCE LOAD SOURCE LOAD U I C V SOURCE LOAD U I C V C V C V C V C V 2 9 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement for Direct Input ...

Page 60: ... the wiring diagram if you wire to the current input terminals first and then to the voltage input terminals In this example as well we will wire to the WT310E current input terminals first and then to the voltage input terminals Wiring to the Current Input Terminals Connect the current input terminals in series with the DUT along one of the power cables between the DUT and the power source 1 Cut ...

Page 61: ...polarities C Current input terminals C CURRENT terminal Round crimped terminal Power supply DUT The wiring for current measurement is complete SOURCE LOAD I C Wiring to the Voltage Input Terminals Connect the voltage input terminals in parallel with the DUT 3 Connect the voltage measurement cables to the power supply terminals of the DUT Use cables that meet the following conditions Sufficient die...

Page 62: ...ety terminal adapters to the WT310E voltage input terminals Red adapter Connect to the VOLTAGE voltage input terminal Black adapter Connect to the voltage input terminal Pay attention to the terminal polarities so that you don t attach the cables to terminals V and with the wrong polarities Voltage input terminals V VOLTAGE terminal V The wiring for voltage measurement is complete The wiring for m...

Page 63: ...6 7 App Index You can also connect to the circuit under measurement by placing a terminal block near the WT310E and connecting the power cables and voltage measurement cables to the terminal block Terminal block 2 9 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement for Direct Input ...

Page 64: ...3E Note The thick lines on the wiring diagrams are the parts where the current flows Use wires that are suitable for the current levels Wiring Examples of Single Phase Two Wire Systems 1P2W The following wiring example shows how to configure the wiring to connect to input element 1 To configure the wiring for other input elements substitute the numbers in the figures with the appropriate element n...

Page 65: ...P3W The wiring is connected to input elements 1 and 3 Measure the line voltage using S phase power as the reference SOURCE LOAD I1 C I3 C U1 V U3 V R S T SOURCE LOAD Element 1 V1 A1 R S T Element 3 V3 A3 C V C V Wiring Example of a Three Phase Four Wire System 3P4W Applies to the WT333E The wiring is connected to input elements 1 2 and 3 SOURCE LOAD I1 C I3 C U1 V U3 V R N S T SOURCE Element 1 V1 ...

Page 66: ...E LOAD I1 C I3 C U1 V U3 V R N S T SOURCE Element 1 V1 A1 R S T Element 2 V2 A2 LOAD Element 3 V3 A3 U2 V I2 C C V C V C V Note For details about the relationship between the wiring system and how measured and computed values are determined see appendix 1 Symbols and Determination of Measurement Functions 2 9 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement for Direct Input ...

Page 67: ...wiring procedure for a single phase two wire DUT on page 2 26 is a useful reference for thinking about the voltage of each phase and the current wiring Order of Connection Generally it is easier to follow the wiring diagram if you wire to the current input terminals first and then to the voltage input terminals In this example as well we will wire to the WT332E WT333E current input terminals first...

Page 68: ...ith the wrong polarities T S R C Current input terminals C CURRENT terminal R T 1 3 R S T Power supply DUT The wiring for current measurement is complete T S R SOURCE LOAD I1 C I3 C R S T 1 3 R S T Note Why You Do Not Have to Connect the WT332E WT333E Current Input Terminals to the S Phase Cable In a three phase three wire wiring system there is no neutral line This means that either the R S or T ...

Page 69: ...tions Sufficient dielectric strength for the voltage of the circuit under measurement Of a size to which the 758931 Safety Terminal Adapter can be attached Covering max diameter 3 9 mm Core wire max diameter 1 8 mm T S R Voltage measurement cables 1 3 R S T 4 Attach 758931 Safety Terminal Adapters to the voltage measurement cables For details on how to assemble and attach the safety terminal adapt...

Page 70: ...put terminals of elements 1 and 3 Pay attention to the terminal polarities so that you don t attach the cables to terminals VOLTAGE and with the wrong polarities T S R V Voltage input terminals V VOLTAGE terminal 1 3 R S T R S T S The wiring for voltage measurement is complete The wiring for measuring the power of a three phase three wire DUT is complete T S R SOURCE LOAD I1 C I3 C U1 V U3 V R S T...

Page 71: ...e wiring for a three phase three wire system Wiring to the Current Input Terminals In the aforementioned steps 1 and 2 connect the current input terminals of element 2 to the S phase power cable Wiring to the Voltage Input Terminals In the aforementioned steps 3 to 5 connect the voltage input terminals of element 2 so as to measure the line voltage between phase R and phase T The result of wiring ...

Page 72: ...e that are 4 mm in diameter Only insert a safety terminal whose conductive parts are not exposed into a voltage input terminal If you are using the included 758931 Safety Terminal Adapter see section 2 6 External Current Sensor Input Terminal The terminal is an isolated BNC Connect an external current sensor cable with an isolated BNC B9284LK sold separately to an external current sensor input ter...

Page 73: ... sure that you have the polarities correct when you make connections If the polarity is reversed the polarity of the measurement current will be reversed and you will not be able to make correct measurements Be especially careful when connecting clamp type current sensors to the circuit under measurement because it is easy to reverse the connection Note that the frequency and phase characteristics...

Page 74: ...al current sensor cables LOAD Shunt type current sensor External current sensor input terminal V Voltage input terminals This instrument Ungrounded Measurement Circuits When the circuit under measurement is not grounded and the signal is high in frequency or large in power the effects of the inductance of the shunt type current sensor cable become large In this case use an isolation sensor CT DC C...

Page 75: ...e The following figures show how to connect to the WT310E WT310EH SOURCE LOAD Earth side OUT L OUT H Shunt type current sensor SOURCE LOAD Earth side Clamp type current sensor that outputs voltage C V EXT C V EXT When You Are Using a Clamp type Current Sensor That Outputs Voltage When You Are Using a Shunt Type Current Sensor When you use a shunt type current sensor in the wiring configuration sho...

Page 76: ...tage substitute the shunt type current sensor with the clamp type current sensor Shunt type current sensor I OUT L OUT H Input element Input element Clamp type current sensor that outputs voltage EXT C V EXT C V Wiring Example of a Single Phase Two Wire System 1P2W with a Shunt Type Current Sensor The following wiring example shows how to configure the wiring to connect to input element 1 To confi...

Page 77: ...nt Type Current Sensors The wiring is connected to input elements 1 and 3 Measure the line voltage using S phase power as the reference SOURCE LOAD R S T OUT L OUT H OUT L OUT H Element 3 Element 1 EXT EXT C V C V Wiring Example of a Three Phase Four Wire System 3P4W with Shunt Type Current Sensors Model Applies to the WT333E The wiring is connected to input elements 1 2 and 3 SOURCE LOAD OUT L OU...

Page 78: ...lements 1 2 and 3 SOURCE LOAD R S T OUT L OUT H OUT L OUT H Element 3 Element 1 Element 2 OUT L OUT H EXT EXT EXT C V C V C V Note For details about the relationship between the wiring system and how measured and computed values are determined see appendix 1 Symbols and Determination of Measurement Functions 2 10 Wiring the Circuit under Measurement When Using Current Sensors ...

Page 79: ...Connecting to the Input Terminals Voltage Input Terminals The terminals are safety banana jacks female that are 4 mm in diameter Only insert a safety terminal whose conductive parts are not exposed into a voltage input terminal If you are using the included 758931 Safety Terminal Adapter see section 2 6 Current Input Terminals The terminals are binding posts and the screws are M6 Either wind a wir...

Page 80: ...nchés sur les bornes d entrée de courant De plus lorsque la tension du circuit à mesurer est appliquée aux bornes d entrée de capteur de courant externe ne pas toucher les bornes d entrée de courant car elles sont connectées électroniquement à l intérieur de l instrument ce qui présente un danger General VT and CT Handling Precautions Do not short the secondary side of a VT Doing so may damage it ...

Page 81: ...asy to reverse the connection Note that the frequency and phase characteristics of the VT or CT affect the measured data For safety reasons the common terminals of the secondary side of the VT and CT are grounded in the wiring diagrams in this section However the necessity of grounding and the grounding location ground near the VT or CT or ground near the power meter vary depending on the item und...

Page 82: ...inals Wiring Example The following figures show how to connect to the WT310E WT310EH SOURCE LOAD L CT VT V v SOURCE LOAD VT V v C V Pass through CT C V VT and pass through CT VT and CT SOURCE LOAD VT V v C V Clamp type current sensor that outputs current VT and Clamp type Current Sensor That Outputs Current Note Some CTs including through types require load resistance and power supplies Check your...

Page 83: ... Input element C V Voltage input terminals Current input terminals WT332E WT333E Also the wiring examples are for when a CT is connected When connecting a pass through CT or a clamp type current sensor that outputs current substitute the CT with the pass through CT or clamp type current sensor Clamp type current sensor that outputs current C V L CT C V Input element Input element Pass through CT C...

Page 84: ...Element 1 Element 1 C V C V Wiring Example of a Single Phase Three Wire System 1P3W with VTs and CTs The wiring is connected to input elements 1 and 3 SOURCE L CT VT V v LOAD L CT VT V v N Element 1 Element 3 C V C V Wiring Example of a Three Phase Three Wire System 3P3W with VTs and CTs The wiring is connected to input elements 1 and 3 Measure the line voltage using S phase power as the reference...

Page 85: ... V Wiring Example With the Three Voltage Three Current Method 3V3A and VTs and CTs Model Applies to the WT333E The wiring is connected to input elements 1 2 and 3 SOURCE LOAD S T R L CT VT V v L CT VT V v L CT VT V v Element 1 Element 2 Element 3 C V C V C V Note For details about the relationship between the wiring system and how measured and computed values are determined see appendix 1 Symbols ...

Page 86: ...nal communication control programs WT310E WT310EH WT332E WT333E PC monitor Saved data Setting changes This instrument can be connected to a PC using the following communication interfaces USB GP IB RS 232 Ethernet This section explains how to connect this instrument to a PC via USB To connect to a PC via a different communication interface see chapter 4 in the WTViewerFreePlus User s Manual IM 760...

Page 87: ... Follow the instructions on the screen to install the software The following two items will be installed one after the other WTViewerFreePlus YKMUSB USB driver 6 On Windows Vista or Windows 7 the User Account Control window will appear during the installation Click Allow or Yes to continue the installation 7 After the installation finishes a new WTViewerFreePlus folder is added to the Start menu i...

Page 88: ...werFreePlus User s Manual IM 760121 02E Example of a Window for Configuring This Instrument You can change the settings of this instrument from a PC Example of a Window Showing the Measured Data of This Instrument You can display multiple measured data items at the same time and save measured data to files 2 12 Connecting to a PC via USB Installing WTViewerFreePlus ...

Page 89: ...ice The first time is for the positive measurements and the second time is for the negative measurements MATH and THD are displayed on the left side of the 7 segment LED display Press SHIFT before pressing FUNCTION to change the displayed function in reverse order Selecting Which Element to Display Only on the WT332E WT333E Press ELEMENT to select which element to display Each time you press ELEME...

Page 90: ...FT The SHIFT key illuminates to indicate that the keys are shifted Now you can select the setup menus and functions written in purple below the keys 2 Press the desired setup or execution key Using the and Keys The operation varies as indicated below depending on what you are setting When you are setting a value you can use the keys to increase and decrease the value When you are selecting a setti...

Page 91: ... SHIFT when the digit that is being set is the digit that is furthest to the right the digit that is being set will switch to the leftmost digit that can be set Moving the Decimal Point Press SHIFT to move the decimal point to the right If you press SHIFT when the decimal point is as far to the right as it can be the decimal point will move to the leftmost possible position Moves the digit that is...

Page 92: ...s that you have entered or when you want to redo measurement from scratch Procedure Follow the procedure indicated by the thick lines in the following menu 3 Display C 4 5 End the operation and if YES is selected initialize the settings Confirm that you want to initialize the settings 2 Select initialization Display B 1 Explanation For details on initialization see section 8 2 in the User s Manual...

Page 93: ...ange blinks in display C If you previously set the voltage range to the AUTO indicator for the voltage range is lit the voltage range that has been automatically selected on the basis of the measured voltage blinks 2 Press or to display the voltage range that you want to select in display C 3 Press The voltage range is confirmed and each of the displays returns to showing measured values The figur...

Page 94: ...en automatically selected on the basis of the measured current blinks 2 Press or to display the current range that you want to select in display C 3 Press The current range is confirmed and each of the displays returns to showing measured values The figures below show steps 1 to 3 in flowcharts The User s Manual IM WT310E 01EN uses these types of flowcharts to explain procedures WT310E Current Ran...

Page 95: ...nual IM WT310E 01EN WT332E WT333E Current Ranges Display C 1 3 Confirm the setting Display C 1 3 Confirm the setting When the Crest Factor Is Set to 6 or 6A When the Crest Factor Is Set to 3 The unit is A The unit is A 2 2 There are more ranges to choose from on models with the EX1 or EX2 option For details see section 2 4 in the User s Manual IM WT310E 01EN Note In addition to the above operation...

Page 96: ...t element Σ the average current and voltage of each of the wired input elements and the total power of each of the input elements are displayed in accordance with the selected wiring system The current and voltage values do not have any physical meaning See appendix 1 for the formula that is used to determine the total power For the procedure for selecting input element Σ see section 4 4 Configuri...

Page 97: ...y A on the WT310E WT310EH Function keys Press the key for display A and select V When you press the function and unit indicators for display A light in the following order To display the voltage on display A press the key until V lights Display A V var A W VA TIME V Reactive power Integration time Apparent power Active power Current Voltage The WT310E WT310EH moves the decimal point so that the me...

Page 98: ...he decimal point so that the measured value can be displayed using the number of digits available in display A The unit prefix changes in accordance with the position of the decimal point m 10 3 k 10 3 M 10 6 2 Press the key for display A to select input element 1 2 3 or Σ When you press the element indicators for display A light in the following order Display A 1 2 3 1 2 3 On the WT332E the two i...

Page 99: ...r de tension hors de la plage 0 à 5 V aux broches d entrée de la télécommande Ne pas court circuiter non plus les broches de sortie ni y appliquer de tension externe Le cas échéant un dysfonctionnement de l instrument est possible D A Output CAUTION Do not short the D A output terminal or apply external voltage to it If you do the instrument may malfunction When connecting the D A output to anothe...

Page 100: ...te Black 2 Yellow Red 2 Yellow Black 2 Pink Red 2 Pink Black 2 Orange Red 3 Gray Red 3 Gray Black 3 White Red 3 White Black 3 Core Wire Color No Connection No Connection No Connection No Connection D A 4ch DA12 WT332E WT333E No Connection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 EXT COM EXT HOLD EXT START EXT RESET D A COM No Connection D A 11ch D A 9ch D A 7ch D A 5ch D A 3ch D A 1ch EXT SINGLE EXT STOP INTEG ...

Page 101: ... I 0 Option Remote Control I O Circuit 0 01 μF 0 01 μF 5 V 5 V 10 kΩ 10 kΩ 100 Ω L level 0 V to 1 V H level 4 V to 5 V Input circuit Output circuit L level 0 V to 1 5 V 8 mA H level 2 8 V to 5 V 8 mA 5 1 External I O Connector Pin Arrangement and Pinout ...

Page 102: ... Use this signal when you are observing integration Approx 25 ms or more Approx 25 ms or more Holding the Updating of Displayed Data This produces the same effect as pressing HOLD Apply an EXT HOLD signal as shown in the following figure EXT HOLD Display hold Approx 25 ms or more Updating Held Display Data This produces the same effect as pressing SINGLE While the display is being held you can upd...

Page 103: ... WT333E A B 3 8 9 10 Press and to set area A the output function Press to move to area B Press and to select an element you cannot select an element for On the WT332E WT333E select the element in the following steps 9 and 10 1 13 Confirm the setting Close menu 2 6 14 1 The number of channels varies depending on the specific option that is installed DA4 option on the WT310E WT310EH 4 channels DA12 ...

Page 104: ...integrated values using a 5 V FS DC voltage Number of Channels The number of channels varies depending on the specific option that is installed DA4 option on the WT310E WT310EH 4 channels DA12 option on the WT332E WT333E 12 channels Output Format You can select a preconfigured output format or configure your own original format Using the Default Settings Select one of the default settings to outpu...

Page 105: ...cedural explanation for setting the D A output format You can select from the following options u voltage U i current I P active power P VA apparent power S VAr reactive power Q PF power factor λ dEG phase angle Φ uFrq voltage frequency fU iFrq current frequency fI uP peak voltage value Upk iP peak current value Ipk Ph sum of watt hours Wp Ph positive watt hour Wp Ph negative watt hour Wp Ah sum o...

Page 106: ...put for all math functions except for those indicated below is 0 V Efficiency average active power during integration D A Output Range Mode Range Mode You can select the D A output range mode from the following options The default setting is Fixed You can set this feature by sending communication commands through the communication interface You cannot set this feature from the display menu of this...

Page 107: ...rator function provide your own relay and relay driving circuit Below the lower limit 5 V output Greater than or equal to the lower limit and less than the upper limit 0 V output Greater than or equal to the upper limit 5 V output Maximum and Minimum Values in Manual Range Mode and Comparison Upper and Lower Limits in Comparator Mode You can select a value between 9 999E 12 and 9 999E 12 The defau...

Page 108: ...pprox 7 0 V 5 0 V 0 5 0V 100 100 140 140 Approx 7 0 V Approx 7 5 V Displayed value Displayed Value 140 100 0 100 140 Output Approx 7 0 V 5 0 V 0 V 5 0 V pprox 7 0 V The range between 5 to 7 V and 5 to 7 V is not output for λ and Φ When an error occurs the output is approximately 7 5 V For the efficiency math function 5 V represents 100 For Upk and Ipk 5 V represents the application of 3 times the ...

Page 109: ...lue is 600 W the output is 600 W 1500 W 5V 2 0 V 1 For information about the power range of wiring unit Σ see the table of Σ function expressions on the second page of the appendix in the User s Manual IM WT310E 01EN PDF This table shows the expressions that the WT332E WT333E uses to internally calculate the measured values This table also shows how to think about wiring unit measurement ranges In...

Page 110: ...heck the measurement cable wiring 2 8 to 2 11 Check the wiring system Applies to the WT332E WT333E 2 8 to 2 11 2 21 Confirm that the line filter is off 2 91 Check the measurement period settings 2 81 Check the FAQ at the following URL http tmi yokogawa com Turn the power off and then on again 2 4 Keys do not work Check the REMOTE indicator If the REMOTE indicator is illuminated press SHIFT LOCAL t...

Page 111: ...integration during an integration operation 5 32 843 The integrated value overflowed during integration or ended abnormally because of power failure or some other reason Reset the integration operation 5 32 844 You tried to stop integration when no integration operation was taking place 5 32 845 You tried to reset integration when the mode was not integration mode or during integration 5 32 846 Yo...

Page 112: ...able below as a general guideline For part replacement and purchase contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer Part Name Recommended Replacement Interval Current input relay only for the WT310E A relay for switching the current input circuit The relay s specifications indicated below Electrical life Approximately 50 000 operations at the rated capacity Mechanical life Approximately 1 000 000 operations ...

Page 113: ...6 4 IM WT310E 02EN 6 4 Calibration and Adjustment For calibration and adjustment contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer ...

Page 114: ... Approx 2 MΩ input capacitance Approx 13 pF in parallel with the resistance Current Direct input WT332E WT333E Crest factor 3 0 5 A 1 A 2 A 5 A 10 A 20 A Crest factor 6 or 6A 0 25 A 0 5 A 1 A 2 5 A 5 A 10 A Input resistance Approx 6 mΩ input inductance Approx 0 1 μH in series with the resistance WT310E Crest factor 3 0 5 A 1 A 2 A 5 A 10 A 20 A Crest factor 6 or 6A 0 25 A 0 5 A 1 A 2 5 A 5 A 10 A ...

Page 115: ... RMS value of 40 A whichever is less WT310E Crest factor 3 5 mA 10 mA 20 mA 50 mA 100 mA 200 mA Crest factor 6 or 6A 2 5 mA 5 mA 10 mA 25 mA 50 mA 100 mA Peak value of 30 A or RMS value of 20 A whichever is less WT310EH Crest factor 3 1 A 2 A 5 A 10 A 20 A 40 A Crest factor 6 or 6A 0 5 A 1 A 2 5 A 5 A 10 A 20 A Peak value of 150 A or RMS value of 44 A whichever is less External current sensor inpu...

Page 116: ...f WT310EH and external current sensor input EX2 Option Within 0 001 f of range Maximum rated range Rated range The maximum rated range is 600 V for the voltage input terminal and 20 A for the current input of WT310E WT332E WT333E and 40 A for the current input terminal of WT310EH and 2 V for option EX2 5 mA 10 mA 20 mA 50 mA 100 mA and 200 mA ranges of WT310E Within 0 0002 f of range Maximum rated...

Page 117: ...Hz A Hz THD V THD A D D D D voltage frequency current frequency total harmonic distortion of voltage total harmonic distortion of current During harmonic measurement Item Indicator Displayed On Meaning U I P k Uhdf Ihdf Phdf ΦU ΦI λ fU fI Uthd Ithd V A W or in 7 segment display V A W V A PF V Hz A Hz THD V THD A A B C D A B C D A B C D A B B B B B D D D D D harmonic voltage harmonic current harmon...

Page 118: ...1 of reading 0 2 of range 1 kHz f 10 kHz 0 07 f of reading 0 3 of range 0 07 f of reading 0 3 of range 0 13 f of reading 0 3 of range 10 kHz f 20 kHz 0 13 f of reading 0 5 of range 10 kHz f 100 kHz 0 5 of reading 0 5 of range 0 04 f 10 of reading 0 5 of reading 0 5 of range 0 04 f 10 of reading Influence of temperature changes after zero level compensation or range change Add 0 02 of range C to th...

Page 119: ...hen the current exceeds 20 A are reference values WT310E only The maximum current input is 6 A when the frequency is over 30 kHz up to 100 kHz Input range 1 to 130 with respect to the rated range of voltage or current It displays up to 140 Add the reading error 0 5 to above accuracies for the range of 110 to 130 of the rated range Crest factor 6A 2 to 260 with respect to the rated range of voltage...

Page 120: ...External current sensor input EX2 50μV C Influence of self generated heat caused by voltage input Add 0 0000001 U2 of reading to the AC power accuracies Add 0 0000001 U2 of reading 0 0000001 U2 of range to the DC power accuracies U is the voltage reading V Influence of self generated heat caused by voltage input lasts until falling the temperature of the input resistor even if voltage input decrea...

Page 121: ... the temperature coefficient for voltage and current Accuracy when the crest factor is set to 6 or 6A Accuracy obtained by doubling the measurement range error for the accuracy when the crest factor is set to 3 Accuracy of apparent power S Voltage accuracy current accuracy Accuracy of reactive power Q Accuracy of apparent power 1 0004 λ2 1 λ2 100 of range Accuracy of power factor λ λ λ 1 0002 cosφ...

Page 122: ...ured value is updated Range decrease The range is decreased when all of the following conditions are met Crest factor 3 Urms or Irms is less than or equal to 30 of the measurement range Urms or Irms is less than or equal to 125 of the next lower measurement range Upk Ipk value of the input signal exceeds 300 of the currently set measurement range Crest factor 6 or 6A Urms or Irms is less than or e...

Page 123: ...ting Timeout lower limit frequency 1 s 2 0 Hz 5 s 0 5 Hz 10 s 0 2 Hz 20 s 0 1 Hz Only for the direct current input of the WT310EH the maximum measurement range is 20 kHz Measurement range Auto switching among six types 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz and 100 kHz Frequency filter Select OFF or ON cutoff frequency at 500 Hz Accuracy Requirements When the input signal level is 30 or more of the measur...

Page 124: ... crest factor peak value RMS value of voltage and current Four arithmetic operation Six types of four arithmetic operations possible A B A B A B A B A2 B and A B2 Average active power during integration Computes the average active power within the integrated period 7 4 4 Integration Item Specifications Mode Select manual integration mode standard integration mode or repetitive integration mode In ...

Page 125: ...oltage Current Power 10 Hz f 45 Hz 0 15 of reading 0 35 of range 0 15 of reading 0 35 of range 0 35 of reading 0 50 of range 45 Hz f 440 Hz 0 15 of reading 0 35 of range 0 15 of reading 0 35 of range 0 25 of reading 0 50 of range 440 Hz f 1 kHz 0 20 of reading 0 35 of range 0 20 of reading 0 35 of range 0 40 of reading 0 50 of range 1 kHz f 2 5 kHz 0 80 of reading 0 45 of range 0 95 of reading 0 4...

Page 126: ...99 9 Crest factor 99999 9999 Four arithmetic operation 99999 9999 Average active power 99999 9999 Voltage peak 99999 9999 Current peak 99999 9999 Power peak 99999 9999 The computation accuracy the value calculated from the measured value is one half the display resolution Maximum display display range During harmonic measurement Displayed item When the number of displayed digits is 5 When the numb...

Page 127: ...unction for stored measurement data In the case of Auto Update Rate cannot store the measurement data Setup information Saves Loads four patterns of setup information Number of blocks which can be stored Model normal measurement normal harmonic measurement WT310E WT310EH 9000 700 WT332E 4000 300 WT333E 3000 200 Harmonic Measurement G5 Option Harmonic measurement function is turned ON 7 5 External ...

Page 128: ... 1992 Code ISO ASCII codes Mode Addressable mode Addresses 0 to 30 Clear remote mode Press LOCAL to clear remote mode except during Local Lockout 7 9 Serial RS 232 Interface Standard on C2 Item Specifications Connector type D Sub 9 pin plug Electrical specifications Complies with EIA 574 EIA 232 RS 232 standard for 9 pin Connection Point to point Transmission mode Full duplex Synchronization Start...

Page 129: ... 10BASE T Transfer rate 100 Mbps max Communication protocol TCP IP Supported services DHCP remote control VXI 11 Modbus TCP 7 12 Safety Terminal Adapter Item Specifications Maximum allowable current 36 A Dielectric strength 1000 V CATIII Contact resistance 10 mΩ or less Contact section Nickel plating on brass or bronze Insulator Polyamide Maximum core wire diameter 1 8 mm Maximum insulation diamet...

Page 130: ...tions Current input protection cover 1 piece that matches the main unit Hind feet rubber 1 set User s manual 1 piece this manual Safety terminal adapter WT310E WT310EH Red Black 1 set WT332E Red Black 2 sets WT333E Red Black 3 sets Safety standard1 Compliant standard EN 61010 1 EN 61010 2 030 Installation category overvoltage category CAT II2 Measurement Category CAT II3 Pollution degree 24 Emissi...

Page 131: ...all outlet wired to a distribution board 3 This instrument is measurement category II product Do not use for Measurement Categories III and IV Measurement category O applies to measurement of other circuits that are not directly connected to a main power source Measurement Category II applies to electrical equipment that is powered through a fixed installation such as a wall outlet wired to a dist...

Page 132: ...ounting surface Mounting surface Mounting surface 20 20 20 250 213 88 179 19 480 460 99 50 24 5 99 50 24 5 480 460 482 6 460 482 6 463 88 76 2 5 9 88 76 2 5 9 Mounting surface 20 11 6 11 6 7 1 7 1 Unless otherwise specified tolerances are 3 however tolerances are 0 3 mm when below 10 mm 73 23 356 359 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 ...

Page 133: ...ce 20 20 20 213 13 132 20 480 460 24 5 149 100 24 5 480 460 482 6 460 482 6 463 37 4 132 57 2 37 4 Mounting surface 20 6 17 6 7 1 7 1 Unless otherwise specified tolerances are 3 however tolerances are 0 3 mm when below 10 mm 57 2 132 17 149 100 327 28 5 23 34 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 1 1 7 14 External Dimensions ...

Page 134: ...ect of iV on the measurement accuracy is 0 01 or less If the input voltage is 100 V and the current is 5 A iV 0 05 mA 100 V 2 MΩ so the effect of iV on the measurement accuracy is 0 001 0 05 mA 5 A SOURCE LOAD This instrument V C iV iL LOAD SOURCE U I C V As a reference the relationships between the voltages and currents that produce effects of 0 01 0 001 and 0 0001 are shown in the figure below 6...

Page 135: ...ent circuit Outer case Grounding Shielded case of the current measurement circuit As an example we will consider the case when the outer case and one side of the power supply are grounded In this case there are two conceivable current flows iL and iCs iL is the load current and iCs is the current that flows through the stray capacitance iL flows through the current measurement circuit then through...

Page 136: ...ot be ignored If you connect the current input terminal of this instrument to the side of the power supply SOURCE that is close to its earth potential the current measurement circuit of this instrument positive and negative terminals are close to the earth potential so VCs becomes approximately zero and very little iCs flows This reduces the effect on measurement accuracy ...

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