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T-12-T
Section 1. Operation
1.0
Introduction
This section describes how trailers can have different operational characteristics
based on design, load configuration, gross weights, suspension characteristics, articu-
lation and extreme differences between loaded and unloaded weights.
Trailers have safe operating limits just as automobiles, airplanes, and other ve-
hicles. The interaction of the vehicle characteristics, maintenance, load, roadway,
weather, the skill of the driver and vehicle speed affect these limits. Knowledge of how
these factors affect the vehicle’s operating limits and utilization of defensive driving
techniques should result in safer driving.
1.1
Purpose
The purpose of this section is to describe how the vehicle characteristics, mainte-
nance, road conditions, and weather can affect trailer control and stability limits, and
how driver awareness and skill can help compensate for these factors. This knowledge
will assist you to safely enjoy the maximum utility and productivity from your trailer.
First and foremost, DO NOT operate the trailer until you have read and fully under-
stand this instruction and operating manual. It is also important that each and every
person who operates the trailer be given the opportunity to read this manual.
1.2
Rating
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) is the rated load-carrying capacity of an indi-
vidual axle and wheel assembly. It represents the load that may be steadily sustained
by the components in the system; i.e., tires, wheels, hubs, bearings, axles, brakes,
suspension, sub-frame, etc. with the GAWR limited by the component with the lowest
working rating. Consideration of environmental and operational factors may require the
manufacturer to reduce the nominal rating.
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) is the maximum rated combined weight of a
trailer and its payload (uniformly distributed) based on its structural capabilities.
Operation
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