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Tektronix TSG4102A, User Manual

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Tektronix TSG4102A User Manual Download Page 45

Operating basics

Table 5: Modulation presets

Preset

Description

AM Audio

Analog AM modulation of an audio clip.

FM Audio

Analog FM modulation of an audio clip.

NADC

Vector modulation parameters used in North American Digital Cellular
(NADC) communications.

PDC

Vector modulation parameters used in Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)
communications.

DECT

One TDMA slot within one frame of random data using the vector
modulation parameters of Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT). The waveform transmits a P32 packet which includes the Z

fi

eld

and is 424 symbols long.

P25

Vector modulation parameters used in the APCO Project 25 communications
system.

TETRA

One TDMA slot within one frame of random data using the vector modulation
parameters used in Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) communications.
The waveform transmits a normal uplink burst, 231 symbols long, using
normal training sequence 1.

GSM

One TDMA slot within one frame of random data using the vector
modulation parameters of the Global System for Mobile communications
(GSM). The packet is 148 symbols long and the midamble is

fi

lled with

training sequence 0.

GSM EDGE

One TDMA slot within one frame of random data using the vector
modulation parameters of the GSM with Enhanced Data rate for GSM
Evolution (GSM-EDGE) communications. The packet is 148 symbols long
and the midamble is

fi

lled with training sequence 0.

W-CDMA

One frame with one control channel and six data channels of random data
using the vector modulation parameters of Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access (W-CDMA) communications for an uplink channel in a frequency
division duplex (FDD) installation. The control channel uses a spreading
factor of 256 while the data channels use a spreading factor of 4. The
control and data channels are scrambled with long scrambling code 0.

TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual

29

Summary of Contents for TSG4102A

Page 1: ...xx TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators ZZZ User Manual P071315002 071 3150 02...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators ZZZ User Manual xx Register now Click the following link to protect your product www tektronix com register www tek com 071 3150 02...

Page 4: ...ued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of...

Page 5: ...h the USB port 6 Powering on the instrument 7 Powering off the instrument 7 Removing power from the instrument 7 Inspecting the instrument 8 Instrument maintenance 9 Operating basics 10 Front panel co...

Page 6: ...Using the file Assistant utility software 58 Arbitrary user waveforms 66 User constellations 67 User filters 69 Reference 71 Phase noise and offset diagrams 71 Index ii TSG4100A Series RF Signal Gener...

Page 7: ...after each symbol 54 Figure 12 Architecture for mapping digital symbols into IQ constellation points 67 Figure 13 QPSK 3 840Mcps 1 85 GHz 0dBm RMS EVM 1 7 72 Figure 14 Image 2 QPSK 3 840Mcps 1 85 GHz...

Page 8: ...ts 29 Table 6 TSG4102A and 4104A FM modulation vs frequency 34 Table 7 TSG4106A FM modulation vs frequency 34 Table 8 Vector phase modulation waveforms 47 Table 9 PSK constellations 47 Table 10 PRBS g...

Page 9: ...use always check the product with a known source to be sure it is operating correctly This product is not intended for detection of hazardous voltages Use personal protective equipment to prevent sho...

Page 10: ...ry II III or IV circuits Do not operate without covers Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed or with the case open Hazardous voltage exposure is possible Avoid exposed circuitry Do...

Page 11: ...ditional information required to safely perform service on the product Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures Read this Service safety summary and the General safety summary before...

Page 12: ...duct DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking CAUTION indicates a hazard t...

Page 13: ...ors provide waveform generation and support both analog standard and vector digital optional modulation The instruments use a new technique to provide spurious free outputs with low phase noise 113 dB...

Page 14: ...ual The user manual contains information about how to navigate the instrument UI how to operate the instrument and information about signals This manual is available in printed form in English or Russ...

Page 15: ...l and serial number To check for upgrades 1 Use your Web browser to go to www tektronix com software 2 Enter the product name for example TSG4104A to find available software upgrades Conventions used...

Page 16: ...Preface xii TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 17: ...ftware application that allows you to convert raw data of custom waveforms constellations and filters txt or csv files to tsw tsf and tsc files that are supported by the TSG This software is available...

Page 18: ...ce verification test results Option L0 Printed User manual this manual English You can always download an English or Russian User manual from the Tektronix Web site at www tektronix com manuals Instru...

Page 19: ...VM07 PDC modulation requires Option VM00 Option VM08 TETRA modulation requires Option VM00 Option VM10 Audio clip analog AM and FM requires Option VM00 Option EIQ External 200 MHz modulation bandwidth...

Page 20: ...Telnet access is available on port 5024 The VXI 11 interface enables IEEE 488 2 GPIB like access to the unit over TCP IP It enables controlled reads and writes and the ability to generate service requ...

Page 21: ...IB address The GPIB address must be from 0 to 30 7 Press the Enter button 8 Press the Return button three times to return to the main menu RS 232 interface The RS 232 interface connector is a standard...

Page 22: ...version 2 Press the Utility button from the instrument main menu 3 Select System About 4 Look at the instrument display screen and verify that the firmware version shown is older than the firmware ver...

Page 23: ...Installation Powering on the instrument Powering off the instrument Removing power from the instrument TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 7...

Page 24: ...the front panel display when detected The errors detected are stored in the instrument error buffer and may be accessed through the error status menu after the self test completes See section Error C...

Page 25: ...isplay surface Avoid scrubbing the display with excessive force Clean the display surface by gently rubbing the display with a clean room wipe If the display is very dirty moisten the wipe with distil...

Page 26: ...g basics Front panel controls The following illustration shows the instrument front panel The table describes the controls and elements noted in the illustration Front panel 10 TSG4100A Series RF Sign...

Page 27: ...submenu right arrow return to main menu left arrow or to adjust the underscore position when editing a parameter 5 Preset Press and hold to recall default setup 6 Setting Press to access the top menu...

Page 28: ...is output is protected against externally applied voltages of up to 5 V 2 RF Output Type N output Active for frequency settings between 950 kHz and 2 GHz TSG4102A 950 kHz and 4 GHz TSG4104A and 950kHz...

Page 29: ...f the event markers may be further programmed to control the RF power of the front panel output for the generation of TDMA signals Events are triggered on the rising edge of the symbol clock 4 VECTOR...

Page 30: ...external reference and locks to it if possible If the unit is able to lock to the reference this is indicated on the front panel display 10 LAN The Ethernet uses a standard RJ 45 connector to connect...

Page 31: ...t can be modified for the currently selected item You can modify a parameter by pressing the corresponding menu button and then using the arrow keys general knob and Enter key on the front panel 4 Men...

Page 32: ...enter a value and the Enter key to make a selection When you are finished press the Enter key to set the parameter and then any menu item to deselect the parameter Menus The following menus are avail...

Page 33: ...ype submenus Analog Vector Presets Constellation menu This is a Mod submenu It is available when the appropriate modulation type is active The items in this menu vary depending on the active modulatio...

Page 34: ...The items in this menu vary depending on the active modulation type Filter menu This is a Mod submenu It is available when the appropriate modulation type is active The items in this menu vary depend...

Page 35: ...Interface menu This is a Utility submenu RS232 menu and settings This is an I O Interface submenu GPIB menu and settings This is an I O Interface submenu This requires the instrument have the GPIB op...

Page 36: ...submenu Allows you to set display backlight date time run a self test and remove private data Secure Secure setting This is a System menu action that allows you to remove private data Use the arrow k...

Page 37: ...rea of the display when you select the file type You can load a file from the USB to location 0 on the instrument USB save a file Save To to location 1 through 9 delete a file Delete and delete all fi...

Page 38: ...ettings area License Manage menu This is an About submenu It allows you to enter option software keys to activate options Firmware Update menu This is an About submenu It allows you to upgrade the fir...

Page 39: ...trument is functioning correctly Turn on the instrument 1 Connect the supplied power cord to the rear panel power input and then to the AC mains power supply 100 to 240 VAC 10 2 Push the power button...

Page 40: ...kHz Connect outputs to oscilloscope 1 Use appropriate cables to connect the front panel BNC and Type N outputs to an oscilloscope 2 Set the oscilloscope timebase to 50 ns div and vertical sensitivity...

Page 41: ...he number keys and unit keys to set the amplitude parameter value and units as follows press the Ampt button press the desired number key press the desired unit key and then press the Setting button 3...

Page 42: ...Connect the following to the oscilloscope I Q outputs symbol clock and event marker 1 8 Trigger the oscilloscope on event marker 1 and set the time div to 10 s The oscilloscope trace should look simil...

Page 43: ...igher frequencies Amplitude Pressing the Ampt button allows you to adjust the output amplitude or power of the displayed output If an output is set below its minimum value it will be disabled This is...

Page 44: ...TE More settings are available than are described in this manual Presets Presets allow you to load preconfigured setups The following presets types are available Preset button factory defaults preset...

Page 45: ...rmal uplink burst 231 symbols long using normal training sequence 1 GSM One TDMA slot within one frame of random data using the vector modulation parameters of the Global System for Mobile communicati...

Page 46: ...esired user number in the menu and then press the general knob Modulation sources The instrument s modulation capabilities include both internal and external modulation sources The modulating waveform...

Page 47: ...internal source In pulse mode the modulation output is a 3 3 V logic signal which tracks the pulse waveform Example The following image shows the front panel BNC and Type N outputs for a pulse modulat...

Page 48: ...with a 300 ns pulse width or a 30 duty cycle The output amplitudes were set to 2 VPP into 50 The top trace is the rear panel Modulation Output signal The middle trace is the BNC output The bottom trac...

Page 49: ...MHz and a latency of about 950 ns The modulation output has a 50 source impedance to reverse terminate reflections from the user s load but the output should not be terminated into 50 Amplitude modul...

Page 50: ...andwidths are similar However the deviation increases by a factor of two from 1 to 64 MHz for octaves 2 through 8 Table 6 TSG4102A and 4104A FM modulation vs frequency Frequency range Internal FM rate...

Page 51: ...output traverses the specified deviation at the modulation rate For example with a frequency of 1000 MHz 1 GHz and modulation rate and deviation set to 10 kHz and 45 respectively the output will be a...

Page 52: ...wer on self tests command parsing or command execution Errors that occur will show in red colored font in the right corner of the Status area of the display The errors in the buffer can be read one by...

Page 53: ...ons the analog signal itself is used to modulate the RF directly In FM radio for example the amplified analog voice signal from the microphone is used to modulate the frequency of the RF carrier direc...

Page 54: ...productive user experience PRBS data and simple patterns can be played back directly from the front panel Trade offs in filter bandwidth versus power efficiency can be explored from the front panel in...

Page 55: ...he mapping from symbol to constellation point is completely arbitrary and at the discretion of the communications protocol designer Usually some form of Gray coding is utilized in order to minimize th...

Page 56: ...equency components that would interfere with neighboring users Unfortunately they introduce a new problem in the time domain intersymbol interference ISI The problem can be understood by observing the...

Page 57: ...y without interference Unfortunately transmissions that jump from symbol to symbol as quickly as possible invariably violate this rule Thus almost all communication protocols stipulate pulse shaping f...

Page 58: ...ot showing the impulse response of adjacent symbols should make this clear The previous graphs show the impulse responses of adjacent symbols for a raised cosine filter with 0 3 Notice that the impuls...

Page 59: ...h of the transmitted waveform to prevent adjacent channel interference The receiver s filter improves signal recovery by further filtering out noise in the communication s channel Finally the two filt...

Page 60: ...ymbol is transmitted The trajectory can be characterized by a vector quantity which identifies the amplitude and phase of the RF at a given moment in time You can then evaluate the quality of a digita...

Page 61: ...which digital symbols are encoded in the amplitude of the RF The phase is ignored ASK is implemented by only modulating the I channel and forcing the Q channel to zero Digital constellations The gener...

Page 62: ...ector modulated in frequency with simple waveforms sine ramp triangle square noise and user waveforms Digital constellations The generators provide four default constellations for use with 1 bit 2 bit...

Page 63: ...ld constant The bandwidth and RMS deviation of the noise may be configured IQ noise Degrades the RF output with IQ noise The bandwidth of the noise may be configured The noise power is equal to the RF...

Page 64: ...the multiplexer switches between the oscillators both the frequency and the phase of the output change Continuous phase modulation in contrast guarantees that the phase will not suffer a discontinuous...

Page 65: ...action the allowed phases will map onto a finite number of allowed phases For h 1 2 for instance there are only 4 allowed phases 0 2 and 3 2 Only 2 of the 4 phases are allowed at each transition howev...

Page 66: ...rate Thus it is one of the most bandwidth efficient types of modulation GMSK further improves the bandwidth efficiency of MSK by replacing the rectangular filter with a Gaussian filter GMSK with a ba...

Page 67: ...ion of a pilot tone to the modulation at the carrier frequency The pilot tone is located at the lower edge of the VSB spectrum The standard describes 2 versions of the modulation to be used for over t...

Page 68: ...lock onto and track phase of the RF carrier for the entire transmission in order to successfully decode the transmitted message Differential encoding of digital symbols enables the use of noncoherent...

Page 69: ...ters Offset modulation addresses this problem by modifying the modulation to prevent a transition through the origin See Figure 9 Figure 9 Offset modulation prevents transitions through the origin In...

Page 70: ...to prevent transitions through the origin In this case the basic constellation is that of 8 PSK except that the constellation rotates by 67 5 or 3 8 radians after each symbol transmission A version o...

Page 71: ...enerated with linear feedback shift registers The following table shows the generating polynomials for each PRBS pattern The output of the PRBS generator is inverted so that the all ones state is excl...

Page 72: ...he frequency or bandwidth of the selected waveform Modulation deviation scale factor For FSK or CPM modulations the modulation deviation identifies either the peak deviation or the modulation index of...

Page 73: ...e types to the generator when it is connected to the Ethernet through a LAN connection See page 58 Using the file Assistant utility software The ARBITRARY BLOCK PROGRAM DATA message element has the fo...

Page 74: ...SRAM and flash for storage of arbitrary waveforms constellations and filters SRAM is volatile memory that is lost when power is removed from the instrument Flash is nonvolatile memory that is retained...

Page 75: ...filters 3 Enter TSG File Assistant in the search field 4 When the search results appear select TSG4k File Assistant and follow the instructions to download and install the software TSG4100A Series RF...

Page 76: ...k the IDN button The instrument name will appear in the Message field 4 Do one of the following If you selected the GPIB interface enter the GPIB address in the GPIB Address field and then click Conne...

Page 77: ...with that User Number In the image of the generator display below the Empty field next to the 0 would disappear 7 Click the Load File and Send button 8 Select the tsw tsf or tsc file you want to save...

Page 78: ...ee the instrument you want in the Resource List select IP Address enter the IP address and then click Connect 5 Select File from the TSG File Assistant menu bar 6 Do the following depending on the typ...

Page 79: ...ile button to open the txt file containing the constellation data NOTE The raw data format should include number pairs that define a point Points should be listed one per line as shown in the image be...

Page 80: ...edit the data in the new filter window Vector waveform To create a new vector waveform file do the following a Select New Vector Waveform from the File menu b Select Symbol or IQ Data c Click the Load...

Page 81: ...n the new waveform window 7 To send or save the new file do one of the following To send the new file to the generator select Instrument Send To and select the desired User number This number will det...

Page 82: ...he former is much more efficient than the latter and is the preferred choice if possible In both cases data is transmitted in 16 bit chunks with the following command WRTW i j arb data Parameter i is...

Page 83: ...Assistant utility software to download supported file types of user constellations to the generator when it is connected to the Ethernet through a LAN connection See page 58 Using the file Assistant u...

Page 84: ...different constellations For each user constellation two parameters must be declared bits symbol and whether the I and Q points in the constellation are to be staggered or not Most constellations do n...

Page 85: ...onstellation WRTC 2 0 42560 5A 82 5A 82 A5 7E 5A 82 5A 82 A5 7E A5 7E A5 7E NL The first parameter indicates this is a 2 bit constellation The second parameter indicates that the IQ values are not sta...

Page 86: ...e sampling with simple linear interpolation in a Farrow filter structure Internally filter coefficients are stored with 17 bits of precision but transmitted with 16 bits of precision along with a glob...

Page 87: ...Reference Reference Phase noise and offset diagrams TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 71...

Page 88: ...Reference Figure 13 QPSK 3 840Mcps 1 85 GHz 0dBm RMS EVM 1 7 72 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 89: ...Reference Figure 14 Image 2 QPSK 3 840Mcps 1 85 GHz 0dBm RMS EVM 1 7 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 73...

Page 90: ...Reference Figure 15 Option VM03 W CDMA QPSK 3 840Mcps 2 1425GHz 0dBm RMS EVM 1 7 74 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 91: ...Reference Figure 16 Image 2 Option VM03 W CDMA QPSK 3 840Mcps 2 1425GHz 0dBm RMS EVM 1 7 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 75...

Page 92: ...Reference Figure 17 Option VM04 APCO 25 4FSK C4FM 4 8KS s 850MHz 0dBm Freq Err 0 5 76 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 93: ...Reference Figure 18 Option VM05 DECT 2FSK1 152Mbps 1 925GHz 0dBm RMS FSK Err 1 5 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 77...

Page 94: ...Reference Figure 19 Option VM06 NADC 4 DQPSK 24 3KS s 875MHz 0dBm RMS EVM 0 3 78 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 95: ...Reference Figure 20 Option VM07 PDC 4 DQPSK 21KS s 800MHz 0dBm RMS EVM 0 6 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual 79...

Page 96: ...Reference Figure 21 Option VM08 TETRA 4 DQPSK 18KS s 420MHz 0dBm RMS EVM 0 7 80 TSG4100A Series RF Signal Generators User Manual...

Page 97: ...modulation presets 30 Custom modulation setups 30 D Date setting 20 Differential encoding of symbols 52 Digital communication 37 Digital constellations ASK 45 FSK 46 PSK 47 Display 15 save a screen s...

Page 98: ...Utility 18 vector modulation type 17 Mod button 28 Modulation amplitude 33 arbitrary user waveforms 30 available presets 17 custom user presets 30 frequency 34 linear 30 linear noise 31 outputs 33 Pha...

Page 99: ...Screen shots how to save 15 Secure removing private data 20 Security network 4 Self test 8 Self Test 20 Serial number 22 Settings 15 Setup files accessing 21 Software options 3 TSG File Assistant 1 5...

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