2.1 Performance
The System-Manager uses a heat sink (the
black
aluminium back plate) to dissipate heat
produced by
the electronics during high amperage charging.
The System-
Manager can be used in a wide range of
conditions
and temperatures. It automatically detects the
maximum
permissible temperature of the heat sink and
disconnects
the loads in the case that temperature is
exceeded.
Therefore, the heat sink can be shared for the
heat
produced during charging and powering the
loads.
However, it is necessary to stay within the “Safe
Operating
ARea“ (SOAR) for sizing the system in order to
avoid
undesired switch-off of the loads in the case the
temperature
is exceeded.
You must size the PV system in a way that the
ambient
temperature line is not exceeded in the case of
maximal
charge and discharge currents. With an ambient
temperature
of 20 °C and correct installation, the System-
Manager
can handle both 100% module and 100% load
nominal
currents (see graph at right). These nominal
currents
correspond to 100 % in the diagram
nominal load current / A
n
om
in
al
mo
dul
e c
ur
re
nt
/
A
Hint: If you install the System-Manager into an electrical box or cabinet enclosure, please assume the maximum
temperatures inside this box. These are higher than the ambient temperatures, since the System-Manager and
other devices may well increase the temperature.
3 Functioning
The System-Manager monitors the charge status of the battery, regulates the charge process as well as it switches the
loads on -off in order to make full use of the battery and to extend its life.
On delivery, the system is set for use with lead accumulators (batteries) with liquid electrolyte and can be set for
accumulators with fixed electrolyte like gel batteries. The System-Manager can be used for all types of solar modules.
3.1 Description
3.1.1 Overcharge Protection
The overcharge protection prevents uncontrolled gassing within the battery cells. The gas development is depending on
the acid temperature and cell voltage. So the System-Manager monitors the ambient temperatures and adjusts the
battery’s maximum allowed charge voltage. The overcharge protection and voltage limitation is independent on the
battery’s state of charge, since the decomposition of electrolyte is exclusively depending on the voltage and the
temperature. This means that charging is already limited even though the battery is not completely charged.
Overcharging the battery leads to uncontrolled gassing. Here the electrolyte is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen.
The consequences are harmful oxidation processes and mechanical damages since the gas blisters may knock out
active lead material from the lead plates.
What is even worse is that the uncontrolled gassing in closed batteries e. g. sealed or fluid batteries where the gas
pressure can even burst or crack the battery case. Frequent overcharging damages the battery casing. The charging
process and the overcharge protection are thus regulated by a new hybrid System-Manager utilising pulse width
modulation in order to insure smooth battery charging. The user in particular should not choose a float voltage too high
via user settings. If you want to program this value individually from the System-Manager’s factory setting, please take
note of the battery manufacturers' recommendations.
System-Manager TAROM | 716148
page 5
V09_45A
