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Appendix

A Frequently Asked Questions

Internet Camera Features

What is an Internet Camera?

The Internet Camera is a standalone system

connecting directly to an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet
network and supported by the transmission based on the

IEEE 802.11b standard. It is different from the
conventional PC Camera, the Internet Camera is an all-
in-one system with built-in CPU and web-based solutions

providing a low cost solution that can transmit high
quality video images for monitoring. The Internet

Camera can be managed remotely, accessed and
controlled from any PC/Notebook over the Intranet or

Internet via a web browser.

: What is the maximum number of users that can be

allowed to access the Internet Camera simultaneously?

Maximum number of users that can log onto the

Internet Camera at the same time is 64. Please keep in
mind the overall performance of the transmission speed

will slow down when many users are logged on.

: What algorithm is used to compress the digital

image?

Summary of Contents for LN-402

Page 1: ... Wireless IP Camera LN 402 WL 400 Full Manual ...

Page 2: ...e This manual describes Internet Camera including a description of the features as well as the installation procedures and web configuration Included in the manual are the operating procedures for the IPView application ...

Page 3: ...olled from any PC Notebook over the Intranet or Internet via a web browser The simple installation procedures and web based interface offers easy integration to your network application environments coupled with many applications such as remote monitoring for a cost effective solution 2 System Requirements 10Base T Ethernet or 100Base TX Fast Ethernet Recommended system for accessing the IP camera...

Page 4: ...sers Therefore all that is required is a web browser software such as Internet Explorer 5 0 or above or Netscape 6 0 or above Just plug and view the picture from your Internet Camera with a valid IP Address Support Variety of Platforms The Internet Camera supports TCP IP networking SMTP e mail HTTP and other Internet related protocols and can be utilized in a mixed operating system environment suc...

Page 5: ...vices the Internet Camera can provide the ideal solution for live video images over the Intranet and Internet for remote monitoring The Internet Camera allows remote access from a web browser for live image viewing and allows administrator to manage and control the Internet Camera anywhere and any time in the world Apply the Internet Camera to monitor various objects and places such as homes offic...

Page 6: ...s while facing the Internet Camera A steady blue light confirms that the Internet Camera is powered on Note There are three settings for the Power LED to control the light illumination for monitoring purpose from Normal Off Dummy Please refer to the Web Configuration section for detailed information and usage 5 ...

Page 7: ...vity Dependent on the data traffic the LED will begin to flash to indicate that the Internet Camera is receiving sending data from to the network Note There are three settings for the Link LED to control the light illumination for monitoring purpose from Normal Off Dummy Please refer to the Web Configuration section for detailed information and usage Rear Panel Ethernet port Antenna connector WL 4...

Page 8: ... DC 5V with a single jack socket to supply power to the Internet Camera Power will be generated when the power supply is connected to a wall outlet Reset Button Reset will be initiated when the reset button is pressed once and Power LED begins to flash Factory Reset will be initiated when the reset button is pressed continuously for three seconds or when Power LED begins to light up Release the re...

Page 9: ...8 address will also return to the default setting as 192 168 0 20 ...

Page 10: ...twork adapter you should use a crossed over UTP cable Connect the power supply adapter to the IP camera Only use the adapter supplied with the camera Check the LED s o The power LED PWR should be ON o The link activity LED LNK should be ON 6 Security To ensure the highest security and prevent unauthorized usage of the Internet Camera the Administrator has the exclusive privilege to access the Syst...

Page 11: ...Internet Camera Once the ID and Password are defined only the administrator has the access to management the Internet Camera This procedure should be done as soon as possible since the security features with the Internet Camera will not be enabled until the Admin ID and Admin Password is defined 7 Software Installation This section describes the Software installation procedure of the Internet Came...

Page 12: ...et Camera To configure your Internet Camera type http 192 168 0 20 in the address box This is the default IP address of your Internet Camera Then press Enter Note The PC s IP address must correspond with the Internet Camera s IP address in the same segment for the two devices to communicate 11 ...

Page 13: ...efault IP address is entered from the browser the Internet Camera Welcome screen will appear with a still image 7 1 2 Configuration Click Configuration from the Welcome screen to access the settings required for the Internet Camera 12 ...

Page 14: ...32 printable ASCII Location This field is used to enter a descriptive name for the location used by the camera optional Admin This field is used to enter the administrator name along with the password to access the System Administration settings Be sure to enter the password twice to confirm the details once in the Admin Password field and again in the Confirm Password field The default setting fo...

Page 15: ... This feature provides the flexibility when surveillance activity is ON There are three options as follows Normal Power Steady On of the LED indicator Link Steady On of the LED indicator When WLAN activity is present the LED indicator will flash steadily OFF Power LED indicator is off Link LED indicator is off Dummy Power Steady On of the LED indicator Link Steady On of the LED indicator with rand...

Page 16: ... levels from Very Low to Very High Higher video compression rate will generate more compact file size with less video quality and vise versa The default setting is Medium Frame Rate Select the frame rate desired with default setting at Auto for optimal frame rate Brightness Control Adjust the brightness level with default setting at 64 Contrast Control Adjust the contrast level with default settin...

Page 17: ...he options either 50 Hz or 60 Hz default Mirror Using this option it s possible to flip the screen horizontally or vertically eg When the camera is placed upside down the screen can be flipped horizontally Anti flicker Select this option to reduce flickering of pulsating light sources ...

Page 18: ... camera Wireless Interface Connection Mode Use this option to determine the type of wireless communication for your camera There are two choices of Infrastructure mode and Ad Hoc mode The default setting is Infrastructure 17 SSID The SSID Service Set Identifier is the name assigned to the wireless network It will ...

Page 19: ... workgroup make sure to set the same wireless channel and SSID to match with the PC Notebook s configuration for direct wireless communication Wireless Channel This pull down menu provides the wireless channel for communication A channel is a range of frequencies to be used in communication between the camera and access point in Infrastructure mode or the camera and PC Notebook in Ad Hoc mode Sele...

Page 20: ...r case Western European characters that can be input through your keyboard s typing zone are valid To setup a 64 bit WEP key input 5 ASCII characters For example 12345 To setup an 128 bit WEP key input 13 ASCII characters For example 1234567890123 These character counts result in bit counts of 40 and 104 respectively the camera will automatically pad your input to a bit count of 64 or 128 HEX inpu...

Page 21: ...ion should be selected Enter your encryption key in the Preshare Key field Advanced Setting In this field you can setup more advanced configuration Beacon Interval This option defines time interval between two images sent Preamble A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter Please NOTE that if you wa...

Page 22: ... LAN such as the Connection Mode Infrastructure or Ad Hoc Link SSID Channel Transmission Rate and WEP Encryption IP Address Mode This field provides your with three options to select the IP Address Mode Fixed IP You can select this option and enter the IP address directly The default settings are 21 ...

Page 23: ...er ID and Password into the respective boxes You should have an ISP PPPoE account The camera will get an IP address from the ISP as starting up DNS IP Address DNS Domain Name System server is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Enter at least one DNS IP Address in this field Dynamic DNS The Dynamic DNS service allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static host...

Page 24: ...as the authority to give permission for the privilege to control the device to users by selecting Enable or Disable The default setting is No Define Users Use this field to add or delete users for your camera Add User Enter the user name in this box and enter the user s password assigned by the administrator The maximum password length is 8 printable ASCII The administrator has the authority to gi...

Page 25: ...displays the current users status of your camera 7 1 8 Configuration Date Time settings Click the DateTime item to setup time and date for your camera providing correct information for the remote users who might be thousands of miles away from the camera s location Date Time You can set up time and date manually or automatically by selecting the Synchronized with Time Server option Synchronized wi...

Page 26: ... NTP or Time are available for your selection to link with the Time Server The default setting is NTP TimeZone Select the time zone for the region from the pull down menu Set Manually Select this option to set the time manually The system administrator must enter the date and time in the respective field manually 7 1 9 Configuration Upload Click the Upload item in to setup configuration for FTP se...

Page 27: ... of the target FTP server Port Number The standard port number for the FTP server is Port 21 and it s also the default setting If the FTP server uses a specific port please confirm the IT manager User Name Enter the user name in this field Password Enter the user password in this field to login the FTP server 26 ...

Page 28: ...video to FTP server or 2 Set the Schedule to manage the uploading task In the Schedule option you can set the Day and Time Period option Video Frequency There are two ways to set the video frequency 1 Set Auto 1 2 3 frames per second or 2 Set the time in seconds for every frame Base File Name Enter the file name to make sure that the images could be saved as the base file name File Since you may n...

Page 29: ...messages between servers you need to input the mail server address in this field Sender e mail Address Enter the e mail address of the user who will send the e mail Receiver e mail Address Enter the e mail address of the user who will receive the e mail User Name Enter the user name in this field Password Enter the user password in this field to login receiver s mail server 28 ...

Page 30: ...o button in view video screen it will start to e mail image The Interval option is to define time interval between two images sent 7 2 1 Management System Click the System item to display the device status of your camera Device Status The information about the camera including the Camera Name Location Model Firmware Version MAC Address and IP Address can be found in this field 29 Ethernet Status Y...

Page 31: ...30 network connection Speed and the Duplex mode ...

Page 32: ...he Video item to display the video configuration of your camera Video Status The video configuration about the camera including the Video Resolution Compression Rate Frame Rate Frame Size and IP Address can be found in this field 31 ...

Page 33: ... the Wireless item to display the information of the wireless LAN The items in this field display the information of the wireless LAN such as the Connection Mode Infrastructure or Ad Hoc Link SSID Channel Transmission Rate and WEP Encryption 32 ...

Page 34: ... to display the information of the LAN Network Status The items in this field display the information of the LAN such as the IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway Primary DNS Address Secondary DNS Address Dynamic DNS Secondary HTTP Port and UPnP 33 ...

Page 35: ... 2 5 Management Active users Click the User item to display the user s information Active Users The items in this field display the user s information including the user s IP address Name and DateTime 34 ...

Page 36: ...7 3 1 Tools FTP Server test Click the FTP server Test item to test your FTP server account settings Test FTP server Click the Test button to test the FTP server account you provided 35 ...

Page 37: ...7 3 2 Tools E mail test Click the E mail Test item to test your e mail account settings Test E mail Account Click the Test button to test the e mail account you provided 36 ...

Page 38: ...Click the YES button from this option and you can restart the camera just like turning the device off and on and saved settings are retained If you do not want to reset the camera exit this window without clicking YES 37 ...

Page 39: ...s option and you can resume all factory default settings for the camera If you do not want to restore the factory settings exit this window without clicking YES Please NOTE that you have to configure the network settings again after a Factory Reset 38 ...

Page 40: ...7 3 5 Tools Firmware upgrade When a new firmware is available you can upgrade it through this window Click the Browse button to point to the firmware file and then click Update to start upgrading 39 ...

Page 41: ...nt to backup the configuration to file Click the Backup button from this option and you can save the current configuration to file Restore Device Configuration from File You can resume the device configuration from saved file in the computer Click the Browse button to point to the file and then click Restore to start restoring 40 ...

Page 42: ... Camera Name Date Time Camera Name The Camera name will be display when the Camera Name field is entered in the Web Configuration setting under Configuration Date Time The date time of the video server will show the date and time that come from time server or you set manually Note Please refer to the appendix on how to install ActiveX 1 Install to the Web Server 41 ...

Page 43: ...F to utilize the options for each of the functions Note 1 Administrator has the authority to set the email image functions through the setting in the E mail of System Administration menu bar Note 2 The Administrator has the authority to allow the users to set the image upload functions through the setting in the Upload of System Administration menu bar ...

Page 44: ...n Java you are allowed two output trigger options and one image upload option Just click the desired selection ON or OFF to utilize the options for each of the functions Note 1 Administrator has the authority to set the email image functions through the setting in the E mail of System Administration menu bar Note 2 The Administrator has the authority to allow the users to set up the image upload f...

Page 45: ...w application you can further expand the scope of the Internet Camera The following section will provide the typical applications for the Internet Camera along with the IPView SE application and also includes some basic knowledge to assist in the installation and configuration of the Internet Camera Applications Monitoring of local and remote places and objects such as construction sites hospitals...

Page 46: ...8 1 Internet Camera Application Diagrams 8 1 2 Home Applications SOHO Internet Camera 45 ...

Page 47: ...8 1 3 SOHO Applications 46 ...

Page 48: ...the CD ROM into the CD ROM drive to initiate the auto run program Once completed a menu screen will appear as below To install the IPView SE application click the IPView SE button to activate the installation procedure for the application program 47 ...

Page 49: ...Once executed you will be asked to select the desired language Select the language you want and click OK to continue The Welcome screen will appear as below Click the Next button 48 ...

Page 50: ... window will appear as below Read the details carefully and click the Yes button In the following window you may click Next to accept the recommended destination location or click Browse to select another location After 49 ...

Page 51: ...specifying the desired destination location click Next 50 The following window allows you to select the folder where the IPView SE application will be located click Next to continue ...

Page 52: ... Continue anyway to proceed with the installation Please wait until one of the following two dialog boxes to appear If the system has to restart select Yes I want to restart my computer now and click the Finish button to complete the installation procedure 51 ...

Page 53: ...the IPView SE the application program for the Internet Camera is automatically installed to Programs Files directory To start running the IPView SE click Start Programs IPView SE IPView SE Once login the IPView SE application is executed and the interface of IPView SE will appear in the default List View format as bellow ...

Page 54: ...iew SE application with detailed procedures for using the application IPView SE is responsible for the management of preview configuration and searching of each camera It is designed with a user friendly interface for ease of control and navigation requirements as illustrated below ...

Page 55: ...10 1 IPView SE control panel 54 Exit Play Minimize Scan About Combine System Config Add Camera ...

Page 56: ...panel Exit To close IPView SE Play To play back the recorded file Scan To search all of the available internet cameras connected to the LAN Combine To combine all display windows in one About To display the information of IPView SE 55 ...

Page 57: ...d Camera Add Camera To add a new camera click the Add Camera button An Add Camera dialog box will appear as illustrated below Enter the IP Address of the camera in the specified field and click the Add icon to add a new camera 56 ...

Page 58: ...ding of Gateway function is enabled the Gateway IP address has to be entered with the Port Number as below 3 At the same time the Gateway IP address can be replaced by URL as below 4 If you forget the IP Address that you want to add a dialog box will appear to notify you of the error If you are unsure of the IP Address of the camera you can click the Browse button the Browse Camera 57 ...

Page 59: ...e IP Address entered Click the Add button and the camera will be automatically added into IPView SE list view format If the Login Camera dialog box appears make sure to enter the correct User Name and Password and click the OK button Then the camera will be added into IPView SE in list format If the User Name and Password is entered incorrectly the camera will not be added into IPView SE 58 ...

Page 60: ...ghlight the camera you want to add a dialog box will appear to notify you of the error Make sure to save any changes you have made to keep the information updated Note 2 You are allowed to add only one camera at a time When the user add the Internet Camera four icons will appear including Assign IP to Camera Connect Disconnect Erase Extra Information 59 ...

Page 61: ...Manual record Motion record Schedule record Erase Connect Disconnect Assign IP to Camera Camera Config Extra Information 60 ...

Page 62: ...10 3 How to Change Camera Assign IP of New Camera Enter a new IP address in the following dialog box and it will connect to new camera 61 ...

Page 63: ...ect the Image Click the Connect Disconnect button and the preview screen will appear with the video image Minimize Click to minimize the display screen of the Internet Camera Maximize Click to maximize the display screen of the Internet Camera 62 ...

Page 64: ...op of the window Wake up control panel Click to open the control panel again when it is closed Color setting Click to adjust color of the image View list Click to check the event list of the Internet Camera Snapshot Click to snapshot a picture from the Internet Camera Rotate image Click to rotate the image of the Internet Camera 63 ...

Page 65: ...Disconnect the Image Click the Connect Disconnect button again the camera will be disconnected 64 ...

Page 66: ... Camera Erase Camera To delete a camera you must select the camera to delete from the IPView SE control panel Then click the Erase Camera button After deleting the camera the IPView SE control panel will appear as below 65 ...

Page 67: ...10 6 Extra Information Extra Information The screen displays the camera s information 66 ...

Page 68: ... button and the dialog box will appear as shown below Log Storage 1 Single HDD Reserve Space This option permits reserved space by memory size from 500 MB to 1000 MB 2 Split Recording File From this option you can adjust the file size for recording the video images the default setting is 67 ...

Page 69: ...ll create a camera name folder as the Storage List which is allowed to create up to 4 File Path Recycle When you enabled this function it will recycle the HDD space once the disk space is less than the size defined The size defined can be from 200 MB to 50000 MB Proxy Server Select this option to enable the Proxy Server support Camera Scan Delay It allows you to have full screen display for each c...

Page 70: ...lick the Camera Config button and it will active the Camera Setting Motion Setting and Update Firmware buttons Camera Setting Camera Setting Motion Setting Update Firmware Please refer to the Web Configuration section 69 ...

Page 71: ...just the sensitivity level and choose the Invoke Alarm options to work with motion detection function Besides the Alarm Beep Send Email can be enabled when motion detected The user can define the time interval to Send E mail 70 ...

Page 72: ... Enter the File Path and click the Update button the firmware will be updated automatically If you are unsure of the File path you can click the Browse button the Browse dialog box will appear as illustrated below 71 ...

Page 73: ...ws the camera to trigger recording by motion detected You can adjust the sensitivity level and choose the warning options when motion is detected from motion setting Schedule Record This option allows the camera to trigger recording as schedule defined The schedule is set by date or week day Manual Record This option allows the camera to trigger recording manually ...

Page 74: ...solutions providing a low cost solution that can transmit high quality video images for monitoring The Internet Camera can be managed remotely accessed and controlled from any PC Notebook over the Intranet or Internet via a web browser Q What is the maximum number of users that can be allowed to access the Internet Camera simultaneously A Maximum number of users that can log onto the Internet Came...

Page 75: ...case to be used outdoors and it is not recommended Q What network cabling is required for the Internet Camera A The Internet Camera uses Category 5 UTP cable allowing 10 Base T and 100 Base T networking Q Can the Internet Camera be setup as a PC cam on the computer A No the Internet Camera is an Internet Camera used only on Ethernet and Fast Ethernet network and supported by transmission Q Can the...

Page 76: ...rt 80 is open for ordinary data communication However since the Internet Camera transmits image data the default port 8481 is also required Therefore it is necessary to open port 8481 of the network for remote users to access the Internet Camera ...

Page 77: ...m if the IP address conflicts with the Internet Camera over the network Follow the step by step procedure below to utilize the PING command However you must disconnect the Internet Camera from the network first Start a DOS window Type ping x x x x where x x x x is the IP address of the Internet Camera The succeeding replies as illustrated below will provide useful explanation to the cause of the p...

Page 78: ...ndix B PING Your IP Address If the utility returns no response or similar the finding is probably correct then you should proceed as follows In Windows 95 98 2000 and Windows NT double check the IP Address of the Internet Camera is within the same subnet as your workstation Click Start Setting Control Panel and the Network icon Select TCP IP from the Network dialog box and from the TCP IP Properti...

Page 79: ...C 5V for the Internet Camera and verify that the power supply is well connected Q Why does the Link LED not light up properly A1 There might be a problem with the network cable To confirm that the cables are working PING the address of a know device on the network If the cabling is OK and your network is reachable you should receive a reply similar to the following bytes 32 time 2 ms A2 The networ...

Page 80: ... as this will damage the CMOS sensor Q There is bad focus on the Internet Camera what should be done A1 The focus might not be correctly adjusted for the line of sight You need to adjust the Internet Camera focus manually as described in Adjust Internet Camera Focus A2 There is no adaptor fitted with your C type lens If you have previously changed the supplied CS type lens you may have unintention...

Page 81: ...56 colors on your computer will produce dithering artifacts in the image A2 The configuration on the Internet Camera image display is incorrect Through the Web Configuration Image section you need to adjust the image related parameter for improve images such as brightness contrast hue and light frequency Please refer to the Web Configuration section for detail information Q There are no images ava...

Page 82: ...irmware binary file name in the Update Firmware field or you can click the Browse button to select the file Once the firmware file is entered click the Update button to proceed with the updating process Once completed click the OK button as illustrated below Warning During firmware update process please make sure no interruptions will occur as it might possibly cause serious damage to the Internet...

Page 83: ...o any WEB Server table 2 Setting Configuration From the Web Configuration menu select System and under the Loading ActiveX From input web server location http www web server location com Once the settings are completed the user now is able to access the Internet Camera from the web browser by selecting the image view ActiveX mode Installation on Local PC Insert the CD ROM into the CD ROM drive to ...

Page 84: ...the Xplug Control button to activate the installation procedure for the plug in program Once executed a prompt will appear requesting the input of the desired language selection Make the desired selection and click OK to continue 83 ...

Page 85: ...en will appear Click the Next button to proceed with the installation The License Agreement prompt will appear as below Read the details carefully and click the Yes button to continue with the installation procedure 84 ...

Page 86: ...Click the Finish button to complete Setup of the Xplug Control Utility program for the Internet Camera 85 ...

Page 87: ...me rate 30fps QCIF 25fps CIF 10fps VGA Frame rate setting 1 5 7 15 20 Auto depends on the video format Video resolution 160x120 320x240 640x480 Hardware Interface LAN Connector One RJ 45 port 10 100M auto sensed Auto MDIX Wireless LAN Built in 802 11g wireless LAN Communication protocol HTTP FTP TCP IP UDP ARP ICMP BOOTP DHCP PPPoE SMTP DDNS UPnP CPU RDC R2880 RAM 8MB Flash ROM 2MB OS RTOS Power S...

Page 88: ...are Browser Internet Explorer 5 0 or above Netscape 6 0 or above Application Software IPView SE OS supported Microsoft Windows 98SE ME 2000 XP Windows NT4 0 Operating environment Operating temperature 5O C 40O C Storage temperature 25O C 50O C Humidity 5 95 non condensing EMI FCC CE VCCI Class B ...

Page 89: ...wireless LAN and a wired LAN The access point attaches to the wired LAN through an Ethernet connection Applet Applets are small Java programs that can be embedded in an HTML page The rule at the moment is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer form that the applet was sent ASCII American Standard Code For Information Interchange it is the standard method for encoding c...

Page 90: ...es and application tasks and processes communicate messages to each other over media They represent the sender and receivers The data they send is the message The cabling or transmission method they use is the medium Connection In networking two devices establish a connection to communicate with each other D DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol was developed by Microsoft a protocol for assigni...

Page 91: ...mes are alphabetic they re easier to remember The Internet however is really based on IP addresses every time you use a domain name the DNS will translate the name into the corresponding IP address For example the domain name www network_camera com might translate to 192 167 222 8 E Enterprise network An enterprise network consists of collections of networks connected to each other over a geograph...

Page 92: ...access to or from a private network Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet especially Intranets all messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria G Gateway A gateway links computers that use diffe...

Page 93: ...ly Internet The Internet is a globally linked system of computers that are logically connected based on the Internet Protocol IP The Internet provides different ways to access private and public information worldwide Internet address To participate in Internet communications and on Internet Protocol based networks a node must have an Internet address that identifies it to the other nodes All Inter...

Page 94: ...a company that maintains a network that is linked to the Internet by way of a dedicated communication line An ISP offers the use of its dedicated communication lines to companies or individuals who can t afford the high monthly cost for a direct connection J JAVA Java is a programming language that is specially designed for writing programs that can be safely downloaded to your computer through th...

Page 95: ...r the router s IP address NAT distributes the responses to the proper IP addresses within your network Network A network consists of a collection of two or more devices people or components that communicate with each other over physical or virtual media The most common types of network are LAN local area network Computers are in close distance to one another They are usually in the same office spa...

Page 96: ...ocols are responsible for formatting and presenting and presenting data that will be transferred from file server memory to the file server s net work adapter Others are responsible for filtering information between networks and forwarding data to its destination Still other protocols dictate how data is transferred across the medium and how servers respond to workstation requests and vice versa C...

Page 97: ...een networks S Server It is a simple computer that provides resources such as files or other information SMTP The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for Internet mail SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP was designed to provide a common foundation for managing network devices Station In LANs a station consists of a device that can communicate data on the network In FDDI a station includ...

Page 98: ...different medium On a 10BASE 5 network the transceiver connects the network adapter or other network device to the medium Transceivers also can be used on 10BASE 2 or 10BASE T networks to attach devices with AUI ports U UDP The User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless protocol that resides above IP in the TCP IP suite ULP The upper layer protocol refers to Application Layer protocols such as FTP...

Page 99: ... workstations that use DOS Workgroup A workgroup is a group of users who are physically located together and connected to the same LAN or a group of users who are scattered throughout an organization but are logically connected by work and are connected to the same network group Workstation s Workstation refers to the intelligent computer on the user s desktop This computer may be an Intel based P...

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