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Siemens SIMATIC S7-GRAPH Manual Download Page 180

Notes on Configuration

S7-GRAPH for S7 300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems

14-14

C79000-G7076-C526-01

•

 Detailed 

display

The network affected is displayed in Ladder Logic or statement list
representation and the missing conditions are marked. In the display, you also
have the option of displaying the entire network or the reduced network
containing only the conditions affected. This is particularly useful with more
extensive logic operations.

Summary of Contents for SIMATIC S7-GRAPH

Page 1: ...itions Saving and Compiling Assigning Parameters to and Calling the S7 Graph FB Downloading the S7 Graph FB and Instance DB Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System Printing the Sequencer Overview of All Actions Notes on Configuration Instance DB SIMATIC S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems Manual This manual has the order number 6ES7 811 0CC03 8BA0 05 99 Edit...

Page 2: ...ions and only in connection with devices or components from other manufacturers which have been approved or recommended by Siemens This product can only function correctly and safely if it is transported stored set up and installed correctly and operated and maintained as recommended Trademarks SIMATIC SIMATIC HMI and SIMATIC NET are registered trademarks of SIEMENS AG Some of other designations u...

Page 3: ...the Windows 95 98 NT 4 0 operating systems and should know the STEP 7 standard software and its documentation Manuals Purpose Order Number STEP 7 Basic Information with Working with STEP 7 V5 0 Getting Started Programming with STEP 7 V5 0 Configuring Hardware and Communication Connections STEP 7 V5 0 STEP 7 From S5 to S7 Converter Manual Basic information for technical personnel describing the met...

Page 4: ...ith the F1 function key or by clicking the question mark in the toolbar By displaying the Glossary for all STEP 7 applications with the Glossary button Please note that every STEP 7 application has its own contents and its own context sensitive help system References References to other documentation are indicated by reference numbers in slashes Based on these numbers you can check the exact title...

Page 5: ... Hotline Singapore SIMATIC BASIC Hotline Local time Mo Fr 7 00 to 17 00 Telephone 49 911 895 7000 Fax 49 911 895 7002 E mail simatic support Nbgm siemens de GMT 1 00 Local time Mo Fr 7 00 to 17 00 Telephone 1 423 461 2522 Fax 1 423 461 2231 E mail simatic hotline sea siemens com GMT 5 00 Local time Mo Fr 8 30 to 17 30 Telephone 65 740 7000 Fax 65 740 7001 E mail simatic singnet com sg GMT 8 00 Nur...

Page 6: ...obtain general current information On the Internet at http www ad siemens de simatic Current Product Information leaflets and downloads which you may find useful for your product are available On the Internet at http www ad siemens de simatic cs Using the Bulletin Board System BBS in Nuremberg SIMATIC Customer Support Mailbox number 49 911 895 7100 To dial the mailbox use a modem with up to V 34 2...

Page 7: ...TIC Manager 3 7 3 5 Creating a Symbol Table 3 7 3 6 Creating an S7 Graph FB and Programming a Sequencer 3 9 3 7 Programming Step Actions 3 12 3 8 Programming Transitions 3 12 3 9 Programming Monitoring Functions 3 14 3 10 Specifying the Standard Function Block 3 15 3 11 Saving and Closing the Sequencer 3 15 3 12 Including the Sequencer in the STEP 7 Program 3 16 3 13 Downloading the Program to the...

Page 8: ...omment 6 11 7 Programming Actions and Conditions 7 1 7 1 Actions 7 2 7 2 Standard Actions 7 3 7 3 Event Dependent Actions 7 4 7 4 Counters Timers and Arithmetic in Actions 7 7 7 5 Conditions 7 14 7 6 Ladder Logic Elements for Programming Conditions 7 17 7 7 Logic Operations with Ladder Logic Elements 7 20 7 8 FBD Elements for Programming Conditions 7 21 7 9 S7 Graph Addresses in Conditions 7 24 7 ...

Page 9: ...ownloading blocks from the Programming Device to the CPU 10 1 10 2 Uploading Blocks from the CPU to the Programming Device 10 2 11 Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System 11 1 11 1 Monitoring and Test Functions in S7 Graph 11 2 11 1 1 Monitoring the Status Information 11 2 11 1 2 Control Sequencer 11 3 11 1 3 Synchronization 11 4 11 2 Test Functions of STEP 7 11 5 12 Printing the Sequ...

Page 10: ...tance DB on Saving 15 2 15 4 Creating the Instance DB Later 15 3 15 5 Displaying and Printing the Content of the Instance DB 15 3 15 6 Accessing the Instance DB 15 3 15 7 Structure of an Instance DB 15 4 15 8 Outline of the Structure of the Instance DB 15 4 15 9 FB parameters 15 4 15 10 The Transition Structure 15 9 15 11 The Step Structure 15 11 15 12 Sequencer Status 15 13 15 13 Internal Data Ar...

Page 11: ...vided into single steps with a clearly defined range of functions The process sequence is represented graphically and can be documented both as graphics and text In the steps you specify the actions to be executed The progression from one step to the next is controlled by transitions step enabling conditions The definitions interlocks and monitoring of the transitions are programmed using a subset...

Page 12: ... STEP 7 block 1 in which the S7 Graph FB function block is called This block can be an organization block OB a function FC or another FB An S7 Graph FB 2 that describes the individual subtasks and interdependencies of the sequential control system These subtasks steps and interdependencies transitions can be organized in one or more sequencers An instance DB 3 that contains data and parameters of ...

Page 13: ...th Steps and Transitions You program sequencers in the S7 Graph FB A sequencer consists of a sequence of steps that are activated in a fixed order depending on transitions step enabling conditions Motor Limit switch S1 Step1 T1 Step1 Action S2 Step2 Step2 Action T2 Input1 Input2 Conditions Action Transition1 Transition2 Conditions ...

Page 14: ...ep you will get to know how to program a complete sequential control system Step Task 1 Practical introduction based on the example of a drill 2 Creating a project 3 Programming the structure of a sequencer 4 Programming actions and conditions 5 Saving and compiling 6 Parameter assignment and calling the S7 Graph FB 7 Downloading the S7 Graph FB and the instance DB 8 Monitoring and testing the seq...

Page 15: ...W program required to display install and uninstall the authorization is on the same CD ROM as S7 Graph V5 0 Number of Authorizations The number of possible authorizations is determined by an authorization counter on the authorization diskette When you install an authorization the counter is decremented by 1 Once the counter reaches the value 0 there are no more authorizations on the diskette Note...

Page 16: ...d of the emergency authorization begins from the moment you install it even if you do not start S7 Graph You cannot extend this period even by transferring the authorization back to the diskette Installing AuthorsW The AuthorsW program required to display install and uninstall the authorization is on the same CD ROM as S7 Graph V5 0 You can install this program on your hard disk and start it there...

Page 17: ... and the source floppy drive is possible Recovering the Authorization If you have a problem with your authorization defective etc please contact the hotline If a problem occurs it may be possible to avoid loss of the authorization using the menu command Authorization Recover 2 3 Upgrading the Authorization Use the Upgrade menu command to upgrade authorizations To use this function you require The ...

Page 18: ... You can also transfer the authorizations of your optional packages back to this authorization diskette To transfer the authorization back to the authorization diskette 1 insert the yellow original authorization diskette in your floppy disk drive for example drive A 2 Start the Authorsw exe program on the hard disk drive 3 Select the drive on which your authorization is located All the authorizati...

Page 19: ... Sectors After installing an authorization a special cluster is created on the hard disk that is sometimes indicated as defective Do not attempt to repair this or you will probably destroy the authorization Read Only and Copy Protection The authorization diskette must not be made read only Files on the authorization diskette can be copied to a different drive for example hard disk and used there I...

Page 20: ...nly one of each version for example only one S7 Graph V4 x and only one S7 Graph V5 x These authorizations do not affect each other Defective Authorization Defective authorizations on a hard disk can no longer be removed with the AuthorsW authorization tool They can even block the installation of new valid authorizations In this case contact your Siemens distributor or sales office Authorization T...

Page 21: ...ort is integrated in some programming devices External Prommer optional An external prommer is only required when you want to blow EPROMs using your PC Preparations for Installation Before you start the installation Windows 95 98 NT must first be started To install from CD ROM insert the CD ROM in the CD ROM drive of your PC Starting the Installation Program To install the software 1 Under Windows...

Page 22: ...message appears informing you that the software can only be used with an authorization You can either install the authorization immediately or continue the installation and install the authorization later If you decide to install immediately insert the authorization diskette when prompted to Errors During Installation The following errors lead to the installation being canceled If an initializatio...

Page 23: ...programs by double clicking the Add Remove Programs icon in the Control Panel 2 Select the STEP 7 entry in the list of installed programs Click the Add Remove button to uninstall the program If the Remove Released File dialogs appear click the No button if you are unsure whether you want to remove the file or not Note This method does not uninstall the authorization If you also want to uninstall t...

Page 24: ...Installation and Authorization S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems 2 10 C79000 G7076 C526 01 ...

Page 25: ...ll learn how to create a sequential control system for automating the drill as described below You first learn how to configure a sequential control system efficiently and will then be guided step by step through the tasks you need to perform in the SIMATIC Manager and in S7 Graph so that you can create the sequential control system download it to the CPU and test it The correctly programmed sampl...

Page 26: ...ndard rail 24V power supply CPU 314 and a digital input output module 8DI 8DO As an alternative to the PLC The PLC Simulation S7 optional package Procedure for Creating a Sequential Control System The flow diagram illustrates the procedure for creating the sequential control system for the drill example Create symbol table Specify structure of sequencer and define signals for system Create drill p...

Page 27: ...rill consists of the following elements Drill motor with feedback signals for drill running stopped Start button and coolant switch Cooling pump with feedback signal for coolant pressure reached Clamping device with feedback signal for selected clamp pressure reached Carriage raise lower drill with limit switches for drill up down Raise drill Drill motor on Feedback signal Drill running Drill stop...

Page 28: ...l Start the machine with the start button drill motor starts up Clamp the work piece with the selected clamp pressure Start the cooling pump if coolant selected Lower drill and carriage to the bottom target position drill Wait 0 5 seconds at lower target position drill Raise drill with carriage to upper target position Remove work piece turn off drill motor and cooling pump Remove work piece manua...

Page 29: ...the step for example in S1 the action Drill ready or in S3 the action Turn on drill motor 3 Then decide for every step which conditions must be met so that the process can move on to the next step for example for T1 the condition Drill started start button pressed or for T5 the condition Drill in upper position T2 S2 T8 T3 T7 S3 S1 T4 T1 T6 S7 S4 Drill ready initial step Clamp work piece Turn on d...

Page 30: ...odule of the S7 300 programmable controller The input output module has 8 inputs and 8 outputs The default values of the input and output addresses of the module inserted in slot 4 are as follows I 0 to I 0 7 and Q 0 0 to Q 0 7 Absolute Addresses Symbolic addresses Explanation Inputs in the program I I 0 0 Dr_mot_running Feedback signal for drill running at selected speed I 0 1 Dr_mot_stopped Feed...

Page 31: ... Drill Inserting an S7 Program In this example hardware configuration is unnecessary since the default addressing of the input output module in slot 4 is used You can therefore immediately insert an S7 program in the project folder in the SIMATIC Manager The S7 program serves as a folder for the blocks of the user program the source files and the symbols Follow the steps below 1 Select the Drill p...

Page 32: ...h clearer and easier to read if you use symbols for example Motor_A_on instead of the absolute addresses To allow the use of symbols you can enter a name the absolute address the data type and a comment for every address used Once you have defined a symbol it can be used throughout the entire user program of a programmable module Creating a Symbol Table If you want to write your program using symb...

Page 33: ...tor by double clicking FB1 the system inserts the first step initial step and the first transition You can create the structure both at the Overview level and at the Single Page level Using the mouse and the Sequencer toolbar at the left hand edge of the screen you can then position all the remaining steps and transitions the alternative branch and the jump from the end of the sequencer to the sta...

Page 34: ...tion block FB2 in the Blocks folder as described above As the language specify GRAPH again 2 Start the S7 Graph editor by double clicking FB2 in the Blocks folder 3 Select the menu command Insert Drag Drop 4 Select the Insert Step Transition button with the mouse and position it repeatedly on the last transition of the individual elements by clicking with the mouse until you arrive at step transit...

Page 35: ...transition 8 and then transition 3 8 Close the sequencer structure with the following button Insert jump button by selecting first transition 6 and then step 1 Note Before you start to program step actions close function block FB2 You only created this FB to try out the second method of creating a sequencer structure When you close the FB answer all prompts with No For the rest of the exercise you...

Page 36: ...et output R Reset output N Non holding As long as the step is active the signal state of the address is 1 D Delay The address is set to 1 after the defined time has elapsed following activation of the step and is reset when the step is deactivated 3 8 Programming Transitions The bit logic instructions normally open contact normally closed contact and comparator are used for the step enabling condi...

Page 37: ...stems Drill File Edit Insert PLC Debug View Options Window Help Drill T1 Trans1 T4 Trans4 Drill_d own S2 Cla T2 Trans2 S3 Mo T3 Trans3 T7 Trans7 T8 Trans8 Drill_ready Clamp_on S Clamp_workp Motor_on S Dr_mot_on Coolant_on S Cool_pump_on Lower_drill N Lower_drill S4 Low S7 Coo T6 Start_but ton Clamp_pres _ok Drill_moto r_running Coolant_ sel Cool_pres s _ok S1 Dr Drill_moto r_running Coolant_ sel S...

Page 38: ...ance Step_name T current or last activation time of the step Step_name U current or last activation time of the step without the time of a disturbance 3 9 Programming Monitoring Functions To program monitoring functions 1 Double click step 2 to change from the single page display to the single step display 2 Select the following button in the LAD FBD toolbar Insert comparator 3 Position the compar...

Page 39: ...n the SIMATIC Manager or click the corresponding button in the toolbar 2 Open the Blocks folder in the S7 program If this container contains neither SFC17 nor SFC18 you must use FC71 Follow the steps outlined below 3 Start the S7 Graph editor by double clicking FB1 in the Blocks folder in the drill program 4 Select the menu command Options Block Settings 5 Enter 71 in the FC number box and close t...

Page 40: ...IC Manager 2 Start the LAD STL FBD editor by double clicking OB1 3 Select with the menu command View the programming language LAD 4 Select segment 1 and insert the sequencer call using the program element catalog by double clicking FB1 Seq_drill 5 Type in the name of the corresponding instance data block IDB_Seq_drill above the LAD box 6 Select the input parameter INIT_SQ insert a normally open el...

Page 41: ...Designing a Sequential Control System based on the Example of a Drill S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems C79000 G7076 C526 01 3 17 ...

Page 42: ... P mode when the sequencer is in the initial state or in the OFF state If you download the blocks the sequencer in a different state for example when overwriting an old block problems may occur in the synchronization of the sequencer with the process Testing the User Program To test the user program you require an online connection to a CPU 1 Open the project window in the SIMATIC Manager 2 Open t...

Page 43: ... command Debug Control Sequencer Acknowledge If the Acknowledge errors option is clickd you acknowledge a pending error message with the Acknowledge button In this way you can acknowledge a disturbance caused for example by the configured monitoring time in Step 2 being exceeded Note however that before you acknowledge the error you must make sure that the supervision or interlock conditions that ...

Page 44: ...hen you have deactivated the currently active step If you have set a new mode the original mode is indicated in bold face After you have controlled your sequencer in the manual mode you can return to the automatic mode and close the Control Sequencer dialog box 3 15 Changing the Sequencer Often a program does not run as required at the first attempt This means that changes and modifications are re...

Page 45: ... the defaults by clicking OK 3 Confirm the prompt to overwrite the existing blocks Include Instance DB If you have not cleared the system default Include Instance DB S7 Graph checks whether the instance DB has changed since it was last downloaded and whether it must be updated The option Download with Instance DB is clicked in the Download dialog box Otherwise S7 Graph does not check the instance ...

Page 46: ...Designing a Sequential Control System based on the Example of a Drill S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems 3 22 C79000 G7076 C526 01 ...

Page 47: ...rs and ALT key combinations to click menu commands 4 1 Starting S7 Graph Requirements for Starting S7 Graph The STEP 7 standard package is installed on your PC programming device S7 Graph is installed on your PC programming device You have installed the authorization for S7 Graph Starting S7 Graph There are two ways of starting S7 Graph Starting under Windows 95 98 NT Start S7 Graph by clicking th...

Page 48: ...C79000 G7076 C526 01 4 2 The S7 Graph User Interface Elements of the S7 Graph User Interface This section describes the elements of the user interface numbered in the figure Title bar of the S7 Graph editor 1 Menu bar 2 Toolbars 3 4 6 7 Variable declaration window 5 Work area 8 Status bar 9 ...

Page 49: ...her Windows applications S7 Graph has a menu bar below the title bar of the main window The display of the menu commands is context sensitive The menu commands are either active black or inactive gray depending on whether or not the command can be applied to the currently selected object Toolbars The toolbars contain buttons with which you can start frequently required and currently available menu...

Page 50: ... The block has been modified Interface Modified The corresponding instance DB must be created again Variable Declaration Window The variable declaration window is displayed to the left of the work area and is used to declare variables In the left half of the variable declaration window you will see the declaration sections and on the right hand side the detailed information of the component select...

Page 51: ... you are editing Display Levels for the Work Area S7 Graph supports you with four different display levels that you can select with the menu View Overview display Single page display Single step display Permanent Instructions Overview Display At the overview level the entire system structure with all the sequencers contained in the FB is displayed Several sequencers are displayed side by side This...

Page 52: ...ring and programming sequencers At this display level you can configure the structure of the sequencers and specify numbers names and comments for steps and transitions and program their contents The following elements are displayed All the sequencers contained in the FB The arrangement of the steps transitions and branches Actions Contents of the steps except for interlock and supervision Conditi...

Page 53: ...ions for interlocking the displayed step Transition Conditions for enabling the step following the currently displayed step Step comments Numbers and names of the displayed step transition pair The extended name List of the symbolic addresses Note To display a different step without changing the display level you can use the menu command Edit Go To To change to the next or previous step use the cu...

Page 54: ...ways opened at the default display level You select the default with the menu command Options Application Settings in the General tab page Under New Window View select the display level at which the S7 Graph FB will be opened 4 4 Customizing Display Level Colors and Fonts Customizing a Display Level You can adapt the selected display level to suit your purposes S7 Graph provides the following opti...

Page 55: ...a specific area you can also use the lasso function Drag a rectangle round the area you want to zoom using the mouse Select the menu command View Selected Area Now only the selected area is displayed in the S7 Graph work area Splitting the Work Area into Two Windows With the menu command Window Split you can split the work area vertically into two sections and display the sequencer at two differen...

Page 56: ...f the default setting when a block is opened You select the default with the menu command Options Application Settings in the General tab page Select the displayed options to make the default setting To display a block comment or a step comment Display Comments To display the address list at the single step level Display Address List To display addresses in symbolic representation Display Symbols ...

Page 57: ...ision conditions and interlocks LAD FBD not processed Non executed transitions supervision conditions or interlocks Synchronization point Synchronization points Font You can change the font for the following elements Area Step transition number Numbers of the steps transitions Step transition name Name of the steps transitions LAD FBD LAD FBD addresses Extended names Titles of the action tables Ac...

Page 58: ...e actions left aligned 4 5 Tools for Editing the Sequencer 4 5 1 Display and Position of the Toolbars Displaying and Hiding Toolbars Select the menu command View Toolbars In the dialog box that is displayed you can select the toolbars you want to be displayed Positioning the Toolbars Toolbars can be positioned anywhere within the main window of S7 Graph You can drag and drop them as required 1 Cli...

Page 59: ...s indicates that the element cannot be inserted at the selected point Each click inserts a further element 3 After you have inserted all the required elements click the button in the toolbar or the menu command from the Insert menu again to complete the action Direct Editing Mode If you are in the Direct editing mode you insert elements as follows 1 Select the element after which you want to inser...

Page 60: ...on about the following Block Indicates the block in which the address is used Type Indicates whether the address is read R and or written W Language details Block information Displaying the Next or Previous Error If errors are displayed in the message window after compilation you can use the menu commands Edit Go To Next Error and Edit Go To Previous Error to jump to the error S7 Graph then jumps ...

Page 61: ...Manager and insert your S7 program Open the block to program the sequencer s Create an S7 Graph source file Create an S7 Graph FB 5 1 Creating the Project in the SIMATIC Manager Before you can create your sequencers with S7 Graph you must first create a project and then an S7 program within the project All the blocks for the sequential control system are saved in this folder Creating a New Project...

Page 62: ...is checked for syntax errors Only error free S7 Graph FBs can be saved and transferred to the CPU It is not possible to close an FB that contains errors If you are unable to debug the program immediately you can also save the S7 Graph FB as a source file or you can first create an S7 Graph FB source file instead of an S7 Graph FB In contrast to the S7 Graph FB you can save an S7 Graph source file ...

Page 63: ...des in the Open dialog box like a STEP 7 FB in other words without symbols and comments 5 4 S7 Graph Source File You can create source files both in the SIMATIC Manager and in S7 Graph and using other editors and then import the files later into an S7 project Make sure that you know the syntax required as described in the online help Rules for Creating and Calling the S7 Graph Source File The S7 G...

Page 64: ... Opening in the SIMATIC Manager In the SIMATIC Manager follow the steps outlined below Select the required object in the blocks or source files folder and double click to open it Opening in the S7 Graph Editor In the S7 Graph editor follow the steps outlined below 1 Select the menu command File Open or click the corresponding button 2 In the dialog box that then appears select the block or source ...

Page 65: ...FB FC DB i T2 T1 S2 S1 Comment for FB i CALL FBi Dbi SQ_INIT 1 2 3 4 5 The heart of a sequential control system is made up of the S7 Graph FBs 1 These contain the following The program for step by step execution of the controller in sequencers 4 Permanent instructions 3 5 that are valid for all sequencers of the FB and are displayed in a separate window A block comment 2 with which you can describ...

Page 66: ...irmed and the transition following the step is satisfied The next step following the satisfied transition becomes active At the end of a sequencer there is a jump to any step in this sequencer or in another sequencer of the FB This allows cyclic operation of the sequencer a branch stop The sequence of steps stops when the branch stop is reached Step The control task is divided into single steps Ac...

Page 67: ...ar sequence can be extended by the following Branches alternative branch simultaneous branch Jumps to any steps Further sequencers operating either dependent on the first sequencer or completely independently Permanent instructions located before or after the sequencer Examples of Structures of a Sequencer T2 T1 T4 T3 T6 T2 T1 T3 T5 T6 T2 T1 T4 T3 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S2 S3 S4 S3 S5 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S7 T4...

Page 68: ...epending on the CPU only 20 to 40 paths are advisable otherwise extremely long run times will result A branch can only join a path of a branch to the left of the path being closed Jumps can be added following a transition at the end of a path in a branch These lead to a junction before a step in the same or in a different sequencer in the current FB A branch stop can be added after a transition at...

Page 69: ...ansitions can only be inserted in pairs in a sequencer When you insert steps and transitions they are automatically assigned a number To ensure a better overview you can renumber steps and transitions within a certain range later so that the numbering is consecutive Initial Step The initial step is the step in a sequencer that becomes active without previously querying conditions when an S7 Graph ...

Page 70: ...ows a transition and closes the sequencer or the path of the branch at this point In contrast to a branch stop the jump has the effect of repeating the execution of the sequencer or parts of it The jump 1 and the jump destination 2 are displayed graphically as an arrow but the connection itself is not visible T5 T2 T1 T4 T3 T7 T8 T11 T9 T12 T13 T14 T10 1 2 S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 T8 T4 T12 S...

Page 71: ... with a transition and can be closed by a branch stop or a jump Tn Tm T2 T1 T4 T3 T6 Ty Tx T7 Jump T5 1 2 3 Alternative sub branch 1 Alternative sub branch 2 Alternative sub branch 3 with a further alternative branch Tz Tx 1 Jump S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Sm Sn Sx Sy Sz T5 Tz Priorities in Alternative Branches If more than one transition is satisfied at the beginning of various paths the priority is as follo...

Page 72: ...n before the simultaneous branch in the figure T1 and T7 activates the first steps of the individual simultaneous branch paths Every path in a simultaneous branch ends with a step and is completed by a successor transition If more than one simultaneous branch path joins to a transition this transition only enables the next step when all active simultaneous branch paths have been executed 1 2 3 Sim...

Page 73: ...ltaneous branch paths is continued A branch stop always follows a transition T4 T2 T1 T3 T2 T1 T3 T5 T6 T4 T2 T1 T3 T5 1 2 3 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 T3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S1 S4 S5 T3 6 10 New Sequencer An S7 Graph FB consists of a maximum of 8 sequencers Each sequencer can be executed independent of the other sequencers and therefore at the same time be used with a jump to continue it or connect it as th...

Page 74: ... window in the Permanent Instructions view I 2 3 I 2 5 M2 0 I 0 0 CALL 1 2 1 2 Permanent Condition Conditions that must be satisfied at more than one point in the sequencers can be programmed once centrally as permanent conditions You can use the Ladder Logic elements normally open contact normally closed contact and comparator or the FBD elements AND box OR box and comparator A maximum of 32 Ladd...

Page 75: ...led The blocks must already exist in the Blocks folder of the S7 program before they are called The names of the blocks can be specified in absolute form for example FC1 or if they are declared in the symbol table symbolically for example Motor 1 When the blocks are called you must supply the formal parameters of the called block with actual values 6 12 Block Comment Every S7 Graph FB can include ...

Page 76: ...Programming the Structure of the Sequencer S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems 6 12 C79000 G7076 C526 01 ...

Page 77: ...xiting a step when a supervision error has occurred The use of symbolic programming in S7 Graph Areas for Actions and Conditions At the single step display level almost all areas are displayed in which actions and conditions can be programmed T2 T1 S2 S1 Comment for FB i Interlock Supervision S1 Step1 Step1 Step V C T1 Trans1 Address Symbol Type Comment 1 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 1 Field for the step comment...

Page 78: ... step display level Components of an Action An action consists of the following 1 An optional event for example S1 and an instruction for example N and 2 An address for example M4 3 or an assignment for example A B C N S1 N M 4 2 M 4 3 S4 S0 R Q 4 4 Step is active Order of execution Step4 Step4 1 2 Categories of Actions Actions are divided into the following categories Standard actions With and wi...

Page 79: ...t As soon as the step is active and the interlock is satisfied the address is set to 0 and remains at 0 latching D C Q I M D m n On Delay n seconds after the step is activated the address has signal 1 if the interlock is satisfied while the step is active This does not apply if the step is active for a time shorter than n seconds non latching T const Time constant L C Q I M D m n Limited pulse If ...

Page 80: ...p is active the signal at output Q1 0 is set to 1 2 1 minute and 20 seconds after step activation and providing the step is still active the signal at output Q1 1 is set to 1 If the step is no longer active the signal at Q1 1 is 0 7 3 Event Dependent Actions Events An action can be logically combined with an event An event is the change in the signal state of a step a supervision or an interlock o...

Page 81: ...essage is acknowledged R1 A registration is set rising edge at input REG_EF REG_S 1 0 t A1 1 Event Dependent Actions with and without Interlock All standard actions with the exception of actions containing the D and L instructions can be logically combined with an event Event Instruction Address Identifier Address Location Meaning S1 V1 A1 R1 N C R C S C CALL C Q I M D FB FC SFB SFC m n block numb...

Page 82: ...or deactivated using the ON and OFF instructions The instructions are always dependent on a step event in other words the event determines the time at which the step is activated or deactivated These instructions can be combined with an interlock The actions are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied Event Instruction Address Identifier Address Location Meaning S1 V1 A1 R...

Page 83: ...ing counters with an interlock The count instructions combined with the interlock are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied letter C added as well as the event occurring Counters without an interlock are executed when the event occurs The counters in actions behave like the counters in other S7 programming languages There is no overflow and no underflow and with a counte...

Page 84: ... time at which the instruction is activated You also have the option of combining timers with an interlock The timer instructions combined with an interlock are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied in addition to the event occurring additional letter C Timers without an interlock are executed when the event occurs Event Instruction Address Identifier Address Location Me...

Page 85: ...the timer starts Once the timer starts it continues to run regardless of the interlock and step activity During the time the timer bit is set to 0 The started timer can be restarted by an event occurring The timer bit remains set to 0 the total time the timer runs is extended by time The timer bit is set to 1 only after the total time has elapsed time time S1 S0 L1 L0 V1 V0 A1 R1 TR C T X Reset As...

Page 86: ...y when the relevant event occurs or in each cycle in which the step is active As an option the action can also be combined with an interlock letter C added Event Instruction Assignment Meaning N C A B A func B A B operator C As long as the step is active and the interlock is satisfied the assignment is executed S0 S1 V0 V1 L0 L1 A1 R1 N C A B A func B A B operator C After the event occurs and the ...

Page 87: ...9000 G7076 C526 01 7 11 8 Bits 16 Bits 32 Bits BYTE CHAR WORD INT DAT E S5TIME DWORD DINT REAL TIME TIME_ OF_ DAY 8 Bits BYTE á á CHAR á á 16 Bits WORD á á á á á á INT á á á á á DATE á á á á S5TIME á á 32 Bits DWORD á á á á á á á á á á á DINT á á á á REAL á á TIME á á á á á á TIME_OF_ DAY á á á á á á ...

Page 88: ...A INT_TO_DINT B INT to DINT STL instruction ITD A DINT_TO_REAL B DINT to REAL STL instruction DTR A ROUND B REAL to DINT STL instruction RND A TRUNC B REAL to DINT truncate remainder STL instruction TRUNC Math functions A NEGR B REAL negation A ABS B REAL absolute value A SQR B REAL square A SQRT B REAL square root A LN B REAL logarithm to base e A EXP B REAL exponent to base e A SIN B REAL sine A...

Page 89: ...ith Operator Comment A B C I D R A B C I D R A B C I D R A B C I D R When necessary the operator can be supplemented by D R in the basic math functions A B MOD C Modulo Only for data type DINT A B AND C AND operation STL instructions AW AD A B OR C OR operation STL instructions OW OD A B XOR C EXCLUSIVE OR operation STL instructions XOW XOD A B SHL C Shift left 0 C 255 STL instructions SLW SLD A B...

Page 90: ... the step 7 5 Conditions Conditions are binary states of the process that are combined with each other as LAD or FBD elements normally open contact normally closed contact AND box OR box comparator in the LAD diagram or in the function block diagram according to Boolean logic The result of the logic operation RLO can influence individual actions of a step the entire step the enabling of the next s...

Page 91: ...etwork produces the result 1 The step following the transition becomes active The transition does not switch to the next step of the sequencer if the logic operation of the conditions is not satisfied in other words when the network produces the result 0 The active step remains active Empty Transition Transitions without programmed conditions are empty transitions This does not affect the executio...

Page 92: ... event L1 You program an interlock at the single step display level A maximum of 32 Ladder Logic FBD elements can be programmed per interlock The result of the operation is managed automatically by the system A programmed interlock is indicated by the letter C following the step at all display levels Note If you program an interlock this is only used in the actions when their instructions have bee...

Page 93: ...to the next step Permanent instructions You program permanent instructions with the familiar Ladder Logic FBD elements For more information about entering Ladder Logic FBD networks in a field for permanent instructions refer to Section Permanent Instructions 7 6 Ladder Logic Elements for Programming Conditions Ladder Logic Elements A Ladder Logic program follows the power flow between power rails ...

Page 94: ...ber comparator Parameter double words IN2 Second comparison value INT DINT REAL TIMER CONST I Q M data double word Note When you enter the comparator you only need to specify the data type D R I explicitly when you enter the 32 bit values without specifying a type for example when accessing absolute addresses in the double word area Otherwise the data type is detected by the system so that the spe...

Page 95: ... the current signal state of the address is not changed The address specifies which bit will be reset Rules for Entering Ladder Logic Elements When entering Ladder Logic elements keep to the following rules All elements and branches must be connected together Each branch in a Ladder Logic network must contain at least one Ladder Logic element Modes for Inserting Ladder Logic Elements There are two...

Page 96: ...s In ladder diagram LAD or in function block diagram FBD You can display the conditions in LAD or in FBD at any time To toggle the display simply select the appropriate menu command View LAD or View FBD 7 7 Logic Operations with Ladder Logic Elements A logic operation queries the signal state of a Ladder Logic element for 0 not activated off or 1 activated on and then supplies a result of logic op...

Page 97: ...ss BOOL I Q M T C D L The instruction provides the signal 1 when the signal state of one of the addresses is 1 If the signal state of all address is 0 the instruction produces the result 0 The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried Insert binary input Address address BOOL I Q M T C D L The instruction adds a further binary input to an AND or OR box after the position selected The ...

Page 98: ...nt instructions of a sequencer The address contains the result of the conditions that were programmed within the permanent instructions logic operations before the output box It specifies the bit to which the signal state is assigned Set output Address S address BOOL I Q M D L This instruction is executed only when the RLO of the previous permanent instruction is 1 The address is then set to 1 An ...

Page 99: ... using the mouse pointer This mode is particularly suitable when you want to insert the same element at more than one position in the sequencer Entering Addresses There are two ways of entering addresses Click the placeholder of the required text field Then enter an absolute or symbolic address for example I1 0 limit_switch You can use both the German mnemonics E A and the English mnemonics I O fo...

Page 100: ...ly closed contact You can use S7 Graph specific addresses just like all other addresses in LAD and FBD or in actions Example of Using Addresses Specific to S7 Graph The Compare Integers 32 bit instruction allows the times of step activities to be compared in S7 Graph The inputs IN1 and IN2 are compared according to the type of comparison selected in the dialog box In the example the activation tim...

Page 101: ...d acknowledgment of a supervision error is only possible with the following settings in the Compile Save tab page of the Block Settings dialog menu command Options Block Settings Standard Maximum or Definable is set in the FB Parameters box S7 Graph then signals a supervision error with the output parameter ERR_FLT Acknowledge Errors is set in the Sequencer Properties box This means that supervisi...

Page 102: ...time Si U is stopped Compilation setting Acknowledge Message in FB parameter ERR_FLT Ackn signal Ackn signal or SV not true Si U 0 SV not true Step enabling condition true Supervision error leaves state Event V0 enters End Sequencer switches Supervision error leaves state Event V0 enters Ackn signal Si U 0 SV not true Step enabling condition true No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No N...

Page 103: ...ame for example Step1 The step name and step number must be unique and can be adapted at any of the three display levels The step number is automatically assigned by the system range 1 to 999 If the step number of the first step is set manually in a branch path when further step transition pairs are inserted the numbers are assigned automatically by the system in ascending order starting at the ma...

Page 104: ...s1 to Trans999 It can consist of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter If the zoom factor is too low the display of the transition name is suppressed You can modify the transition name in the Transition Properties dialog box 7 12 Programming with Symbolic Addresses stepTo make the program and sequential control system clearer you can use addresses with symbol...

Page 105: ... The variable declaration window is displayed to the left of the work area In the left half of the variable declaration window you will see the declaration sections and on the right hand side the detailed information of the component selected on the left Since the right hand side is not often required it is normally masked by the work area You can modify existing parameter sets in the variable dec...

Page 106: ...Programming Actions and Conditions S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems 7 30 C79000 G7076 C526 01 ...

Page 107: ...tion of errors FB is created Instance DB is created Source file is saved 8 1 Saving and Compiling Make sure that you keep to the following rules The size of an S7 Graph FB with sequencers is restricted for all CPU 3xx to a maximum of 8 Kbytes or 16 Kbytes CPU 4xx to 64 Kbytes Each FB has an instance DB that can be understood as the memory of the FB This contains all the data and parameters require...

Page 108: ...not need to be eliminated in other words it is possible to Save or Save As FBs with warnings When you save an FB S7 Graph implicitly compiles it in other words the sequencer you have created is checked for syntax errors Following this the S7 Graph FB does not need to be compiled A separate message window displays errors that have occurred for example jump destination not defined and or warnings fo...

Page 109: ...es among other things the data to be created when you save your program 8 4 1 Settings in the General Tab Page All the settings that you make in this tab page are used as the defaults for new blocks New Window View Here you set the display level at which S7 Graph will open a block overview single page single step or permanent instructions Here you select the components to be displayed after a bloc...

Page 110: ...r update the reference data manually with the menu command Options Reference Data Generate PDIAG Data If you select this option S7 Graph generates diagnostic data that can be displayed on an operator interface system Addresses in Source Files The addresses can be saved in source files either in absolute or symbolic format Absolute Select this option to access the addresses in absolute format Symbo...

Page 111: ...a user defined parameter set and then select a standard parameter set later in this tab you will lose the self defined parameters Executability Block Models for FBs S7 Graph has two options available for creating FBs Full code The entire code required to execute each S7 Graph FB is included in the FB If you have several S7 Graph FBs this means a considerable increase in memory requirements Standar...

Page 112: ...symbolic names The instance DB can be evaluated both by direct access to the data fields or using the step and transition names The structures increase the size of the instance DB but do not affect the performance when executing the sequencer Download interface description to PLC If you select this option the interface description is downloaded to the PLC when you download an FB with S7 Graph This...

Page 113: ...interlocks During operation the status display menu command Debug Monitor displays a missing interlock and with it the step that may have a disturbance Lock operating mode selection If you select this parameter it is no longer possible to change the mode at a programming device or operator panel for example in the Control Sequencer dialog box Warnings During compilation S7 Graph displays error mes...

Page 114: ...plication Settings Interlock with acknowledgment If you click this check box messages about interlock errors must be acknowledged Supervision with acknowledgment If you click this check box messages about supervision errors must be acknowledged Use extended names for display system Click this check box if you want to use the extended names of the step names for the diagnostic systems The following...

Page 115: ...From this it is clear that the maximum number of 250 steps is only theoretically possible To save space you can however move the system functionality out to one of the supplied FC70 FC71 FC72 Saving an S7 Graph FB or an S7 Graph Source File The following options are available when you save an open object block or source file Select the menu command File Save or click the Save button in the toolbar...

Page 116: ...re than once Running a Consistency Check Using a consistency check you can find syntax errors in your program without compiling it You can use the consistency check both with an S7 Graph FB and with an S7 Graph source file Automatic Compilation on Saving an S7 Graph FB If you program the sequencers in an S7 Graph FB the FB is compiled when you save Compiling an S7 Graph Source File If you program ...

Page 117: ...in any other FB or FC called in OB1 OB FB FC DB i T1 S1 Comments for FB i 1 CALL FBi DBi INIT_SQ 2 3 9 2 Calling the S7 Graph FB Program the logic block for example OB1 FBn in which the S7 Graph FB will be called with one of the STEP 7 programming languages for example LAD FBD STL SCL If you program in Statement List use the CALL instruction If you program in LAD FBD double click the FB in the pro...

Page 118: ...depends both on the intended use of the sequencer and on the available memory in the CPU The size of the parameter set also determines the memory requirements for the S7 Graph FB and the corresponding instance DB Your task then use the parameter set You want to use your sequencer only in the automatic mode You do not require any further control or monitoring functions Minimum You want to operate y...

Page 119: ...modified however you can define user specific parameters to meet your requirements Note Defined parameter names must not be used as step names and vice versa 9 4 Parameter Sets of the FB FB Sequencer BOOL INIT_SQ EN ENO DB Sequencer BOOL BOOL Minimum FB Sequencer BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON...

Page 120: ...WORD S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE S_TIME T_NO T_MORE T_CRIT ENO BOOL DWORD WORD INT BOOL DWORD S_TIMEOK S_CRITLOC S_CRITLOCERR S_CRITSUP S_STATE Maximum V5 user defined T_CRITOLD DWORD SALL_DISP BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL SSKIP_ENABLED SACT_DISP SEF_DISP BOOL BOOL AUTO_ON TAP_ON TOP_ON MAN_ON EN_ACKREQ BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF ZERO_OP EN_IL EN_SV...

Page 121: ..._FAULT Register all errors and disturbances á ACK_S BOOL ACKNOWLEDGE_STEP Acknowledge step indicated in S_NO á REG_S BOOL REGISTRATE_STEP Register step indicated in S_NO á HALT_SQ BOOL HALT_SEQUENCE Stop reactivate sequencer á á HALT_TM BOOL HALT_TIMES Stop reactivate all step activation times and time dependent instructions L and D of the sequencer á á ZERO_OP BOOL ZERO_OPERANDS Reset all address...

Page 122: ...lower number in S_NO á á á S_NEXT BOOL NEXT_STEP Automatic mode Page forwards through the currently active steps The step number is indicated in S_NO Manual mode Indicates the number of the next step next higher number in S_NO á á á SW_AUTO BOOL SWITCH_MODE_AUTOMATIC Mode change Automatic mode á á á SW_TAP BOOL SWITCH_MODE_TRANSITION_AND_PUSH Mode change Inching mode semi automatic á á á SW_TOP BO...

Page 123: ...BOOL NEXT_TRANSITION Display next valid transition in T_NO á T_PUSH BOOL PUSH_TRANSITION Transition switches when the condition is satisfied and T_PUSH edge Requirement Inching SW_TAP or automatic or step by step SW_TOP mode If the block is Version V4 or earlier the first valid transition switches If the block is Version V5 and if the input parameter T_NO is specified the transition whose number i...

Page 124: ...STEP_CRITERIA_INTERLOCK Interlock criteria bits á S_CRITLOC ERR DWORD S_CRITERIA_IL_LAST_ERROR Interlock criteria bits for event L1 á S_CRITSUP DWORD STEP_CRITERIA_SUPERVISION Supervision criteria bits á S_STATE WORD STEP_STATE Step state bits á T_NO INT TRANSITION_NUMBER Valid transition number á T_MORE BOOL MORE_TRANSITIONS Other valid transitions available for display á T_CRIT DWORD TRANSITION_...

Page 125: ...CKNOWLEDGE_REQUIRED_IS_ ENABLED Mandatory acknowledgment activated á SSKIP_EN ABLED BOOL STEP_SKIPPING_IS_ENABLED Skip step activated á SACT_DISP BOOL ACTIVE_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED Display active steps only in S_NO á SEF_DISP BOOL STEPS_WITH_ERROR_FAULT_WERE_ DISPLAYED Display only steps with error and disturbed steps in S_NO á SALL_DISP BOOL ALL_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED Display all steps in S_NO á AUTO...

Page 126: ...s to the automatic mode with an additional step enabling condition Not only must the transition be satisfied but there must also be a rising edge at the T_PUSH parameter before control passes to the next step Automatic or step to next In the automatic or step by step mode control is passed to the next step when the transition is satisfied or when there is a rising edge at the T_PUSH parameter Requ...

Page 127: ...BOOL Pages back through the currently active steps The step number is indicated in S_NO S_NEXT BOOL Page forwards through the currently active steps The step number is indicated in S_NO SW_TAP BOOL Request inching mode SW_MAN BOOL Request manual mode SW_TOP BOOL Set automatic or switch to next mode Output Parameters of the Automatic Mode Parameter Data Description S_NO INT Displays the active step...

Page 128: ... disturbance S_PREV BOOL Indicate previous step in S_NO S_NEXT BOOL Indicate next step in S_NO SW_AUTO BOOL Request the automatic mode SW_TAP BOOL Request inching mode SW_TOP BOOL Set automatic or switch to next mode S_SEL INT Step number for step selection indicated in S_NO following selection S_ON BOOL The step indicated in S_NO is activated S_OFF BOOL The step indicated in S_NO is deactivated O...

Page 129: ...o initial step ACK_EF BOOL Acknowledgment of a disturbance S_PREV BOOL As for automatic S_NEXT BOOL As for automatic SW_AUTO BOOL Request the automatic mode SW_MAN BOOL Request manual mode SW_TOP BOOL Set automatic or switch to next mode T_PUSH BOOL The transition switches when its conditions are satisfied and there is a rising edge at T_PUSH Output Parameters of the Inching Mode Parameter Data De...

Page 130: ...f INIT_SQ BOOL Initialize sequencer jump to initial step ACK_EF BOOL Acknowledgment of a disturbance S_PREV BOOL As for automatic S_NEXT BOOL As for automatic SW_AUTO BOOL Request the automatic mode SW_MAN BOOL Request manual mode SW_TAP BOOL Request inching mode T_PUSH BOOL The transition switches when there is a rising edge at T_PUSH regardless of whether the transition is satisfied Output Param...

Page 131: ...llowing downloading of the instance DB the sequencer is automatically set to the initial state The S7 Graph FB is called in a block for example OB1 that is executed cyclically and the block has already been downloaded to the CPU Include Instance DB Automatically when Downloading If you select the option Include Instance DB in the General tab page selected with the menu command Options Application ...

Page 132: ...n the sequencer is in the initial state or in the OFF state If you download the blocks the sequencer in a different state for example when overwriting an old block problems may occur in the synchronization of the sequencer with the process 10 2 Uploading Blocks from the CPU to the Programming Device Requirements for Uploading Blocks to the Programming Device To upload an FB from the CPU there must...

Page 133: ...itions do not match the actual process sequence you require Methods of Testing the Sequential Control System S7 Graph provides you with a variety of methods with which you can test a sequential control system These methods can be divided into the following classes Monitoring the status information of the sequential control system With this function you can quickly obtain an overview of the way in ...

Page 134: ...nction you also start the test mode for checking the sequential control system The individual steps and conditions and the signal state of the addresses are displayed in different colors on the screen depending on the status The step by step execution of the program can therefore be followed visually on the screen Depending on the current state of the sequencer the status is displayed for the foll...

Page 135: ...tate of Address In steps the signal states of the programmed actions are displayed The signal state of the addresses for example inputs outputs memory bits is determined by the actual query of the individual action This means it is not purely a step specific evaluation Boolean addresses are displayed in this status display If there are block calls within the actions there is no status display N S1...

Page 136: ...s changed to a different status manually This can for example be the result when you change to the manual mode in which you can activate any step even if the previous transition is not satisfied To be able to continue the process automatically and to locate possible synchronization points you can start the Synchronization function S7 Graph indicates all steps that meet the following conditions The...

Page 137: ...ry the module status Query the operating mode Evaluate CPU messages Create reference data Create process diagnostic data These functions provide you with further methods of debugging and supply important information about the use of blocks and addresses You can also select these test functions directly in the SIMATIC Manager Note If you require more detailed information about these topics display ...

Page 138: ...nters the following messages in the diagnostic buffer Interlock errors entering leaving state Monitoring errors execution errors entering leaving state From the detailed information about the message you can found out where the error occurred Details of event 4 of 100 Event ID 16 9162 Graph 7 interlock error entered state Step 3 FB Number 7 DB Number 9 Event entering state Evaluating the CPU Messa...

Page 139: ...all the absolute addresses that are used in parts of the user program for which reference data exist but for which there is no symbol defined in the symbol table If the reference data Program Structure or Cross Reference List are displayed you can jump to the point in the user program at which a selected block or address is used with the menu command Edit Go To Location Generating Diagnostic Data ...

Page 140: ...Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System S7 GRAPH for S7 300 400 Programming Sequential Control Systems 11 8 C79000 G7076 C526 01 ...

Page 141: ...s of the pages to allow better orientation References to previous and following elements are also printed if for example consecutive steps or steps and transitions are split on two pages due to a form feed To improve clarity the start of a transition can be printed right aligned and the action block left aligned There is adequate clearance between sequencer paths Pages with no content are not prin...

Page 142: ...eader and footer lines for your documents use the menu command File Headers and Footers in the SIMATIC manager Selecting the Page Format With the menu command File Page Setup you can select the page format you require for your printout Checking the Current Block in the Print Preview With the menu command File Print Preview you can check all the settings for the current block before you send the do...

Page 143: ... is active the signal state of the address is 1 0 0 to 65535 7 S Q I M D m n As long as the step is active the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 R Q I M D m n As long as the step is active the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 D Q I M D m n T const n seconds after step activation the signal state of the address is 1 for the duration of the step...

Page 144: ...hen remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 DC Q I M D m n T const n seconds after step activation and as long as the step is active and the condition interlock is satisfied the signal state of the address is 1 If the step is not active the signal state of the address is 0 0 0 to 65535 7 LC Q I M D m n T const If the step is active and the condition interlock is satisfied the address has signal state 1 fo...

Page 145: ... soon as the step becomes active enters state the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 S1 R Q I M D m n As soon as the step becomes active enters state the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 S1 CALL FB FC SFB SFC Block number As soon as the step becomes active enters state the specified block is called S1 ON S i As soon as the step becomes active e...

Page 146: ...S1 ONC S i As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied step i is activated i step number S1 OFFC S i As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied step i is deactivated i step number S1 OFFC S_ALL As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied all steps are deactivated ...

Page 147: ...e step became active the signal state of the address is 1 0 0 to 65535 7 V1 S Q I M D m n As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 V1 R Q I M D m n As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been...

Page 148: ...n error had been detected before the step became active and the condition interlock is satisfied the signal state of the address is 1 0 0 to 65535 7 V1 SC Q I M D m n As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition interlock is satisfied the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 6...

Page 149: ...he step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition interlock is satisfied all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located 0 0 to 65535 7 V0 Actions linked with supervision errors leaving the state V0 N Q I M D m n As soon as a supervision error leaves the state is eliminated or acknowledged the signal state of the...

Page 150: ...he signal state of the address is 1 0 0 to 65535 7 L0 S Q I M D m n As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active enters state the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 L0 R Q I M D m n As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active enters state the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 L0 CALL FB FC S...

Page 151: ...step becomes active the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 L1 R Q I M D m n As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied leaves state while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 L1 CALL FB FC SFB SFC Block number...

Page 152: ...erlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located A1 Actions linked to a message acknowledgment A1 N Q I M D m n If a message is acknowledged the signal state of the address is 1 0 0 to 65535 7 A1 S Q I M D m n As soon as a message is acknowledged the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535...

Page 153: ...ALLC FB FC SFB SFC Block number As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition interlock is satisfied the specified block is called A1 ONC S i As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition interlock is satisfied step i is activated i step number A1 OFFC S i As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition interlock is satisfied step i is deactivated i step number R1 Actions ...

Page 154: ...ndition interlock is satisfied the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 0 0 to 65535 7 R1 RC Q I M D m n As soon as a registration is set and the condition interlock is satisfied the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0 0 0 to 65535 7 R1 CALLC FB FC SFB SFC Block number As soon as a registration is set and the condition interlock is satisfied the specified block is called R1 ONC ...

Page 155: ... S1 CR C X As soon as the step becomes active enters state the counter is reset to 0 x counter number S1 CSC C initial counter value X As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied the initial counter value is loaded in the counter x counter number S1 CUC C X As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied the coun...

Page 156: ...x counter number L1 CD C X As soon as the interlock condition is no longer satisfied leaves state while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active the counter is decremented by 1 x counter number L1 CR C X As soon as the interlock condition is no longer satisfied leaves state while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied...

Page 157: ... occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active the counter is reset to 0 x counter number V1 CSC C initial counter value X As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition interlock is satisfied the initial counter value is loaded in the co...

Page 158: ...ers in actions linked with a message acknowledgment A1 CS C initial counter value X As soon as a message is acknowledged the initial counter value is loaded in the counter x counter number A1 CU C X As soon as a message is acknowledged the counter is incremented by 1 x counter number A1 CD C X As soon as a message is acknowledged the counter is decremented by 1 x counter number A1 CR C X As soon a...

Page 159: ... is set the counter is decremented by 1 x counter number R1 CR C X As soon as a registration is set the counter is reset to 0 x counter number R1 CSC C initial counter value X As soon as a registration is set and the condition interlock is satisfied the initial counter value is loaded in the counter x counter number R1 CUC C X As soon a registration is set and the condition interlock is satisfied ...

Page 160: ... status of the timer and timer value are reset to 0 x no of timer S1 TLC T time X As soon as the step becomes active and the condition interlock is satisfied the timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 1 when the time elapses it is reset to 0 x no of timer S1 TDC T time X As soon as the step becomes active and the condition interlock is satisfied the timer s...

Page 161: ...he timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 0 when the time elapses it is set to 1 x no of timer L1 TR T time X As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied leaves state while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active the timer stops Timer bit status of the timer and ...

Page 162: ... x no of timer V1 TLC T time X As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition interlock is satisfied the timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 1 when the time elapses it is reset to 0 x no of timer V1 TDC T time X As soon as a supervision error occurs w...

Page 163: ... of timer A1 TR T time X As soon as a message is acknowledged the timer stops Timer bit status of the timer and timer value are reset to 0 x no of timer A1 TLC T time X As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition interlock is satisfied the timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 1 when the time elapses it is reset to 0 x no of timer A1 TDC T time ...

Page 164: ... condition interlock is satisfied the timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 1 when the time elapses it is reset to 0 x no of timer R1 TDC T time X As soon as a registration is set and the condition interlock is satisfied the timer starts For the specified time the timer bit status of the timer is set to 0 when the time elapses it is set to 1 x no of timer ...

Page 165: ...nters state the arithmetic is executed S1 NC A B A func B A B operator C As soon as the step becomes active enters state and the condition interlock is satisfied the arithmetic is executed S0 Arithmetic in actions linked with deactivation of a step S0 N A B A func B A B operator C As soon as the step is deactivated leaves state the arithmetic is executed L1 Arithmetic in actions linked with interl...

Page 166: ...satisfied the arithmetic is executed V1 Arithmetic in actions linked to supervision errors leaving the state V0 N A B A func B A B operator C As soon as a supervision error leaves the state is eliminated or acknowledged the arithmetic is executed A1 Arithmetic in actions linked with a message acknowledgment A1 N A B A func B A B operator C As soon as a message is acknowledged the arithmetic is exe...

Page 167: ...ral structures exist and how do these affect the program structure of the sequencer What is important when programming and using sequencers How are operator interface systems connected 14 1 General Level Structure and Program Structure When using S7 Graph remember that the sequencer is designed primarily to configure process sequences simply Apart from these sequences with which for example the pa...

Page 168: ...vel includes various coordination functions for example for the automatic mode and retraction following a break in operation For each station at least one sequencer is required for coordination at this level Unit level The unit level includes functions for activating individual units of equipment for example motors and valves This includes all the lower level functions for example interlocks and s...

Page 169: ...dual stations are called by an FB Sequencers that is called in OB1 The program sections for manual mode the interlocks and permanent monitoring functions for the units follow the sequencers If the manufacturing cell includes robots program sections for supplying and clearing robot interface are also required Enabling Operation In production facilities utilities such as hydraulic and pneumatic syst...

Page 170: ... step is activated using the INIT_SQ parameter and the signals Unit_ready and Process_enabled are reset After a specified minimum waiting time step 2 the hydraulic and pneumatic units are turned on dependent on the signal Controlpow_ok control voltage OK by the Controller_on action After the feedback indicating that the hydraulic and pneumatic systems are OK step 3 outputs the message Unit_ready t...

Page 171: ...automatic mode with a stoppage after each process step Automatic or switch to next in other words the automatic mode with an addition step enabling condition Manual setup in other words direct influence on the units or functions The modes however do not have the same effects at all levels The following overview lists the modes and their effects at the coordination level and unit level motors valve...

Page 172: ...W_AUTO SW_TAP Seq_Auto Seq_Inch Seq_Man Autom Inching Manual Unit_Auto Unit_Hand Process enable 1 Mode selector FB unit group 1 Automatic manual SW_MAN SW_AUTO SW_TAP FB sequencer n Mode setting FB sequencer 1 1 The modes selected at the console are passed on to the sequencers when Process_enabled is active If Process_enabled is not set the modes of the sequencers are switched to SW_MAN and step e...

Page 173: ... example Carr_fwd the sequencer is connected to the interlock and manual control S 4 S 5 Carr_fwd Autom Man Btn_fwd KM_on Carr_fwd Spind_on Execute Mot_on S S N FB interlock manual control FB sequencer Cnd1 Cnd2 Cnd3 Cnd4 1 Enable_fwd Valve1_fwd Enable_fwd The permanent monitoring functions required for the units can be programmed with S7 PDIAG Depending on the requirements the supervision conditi...

Page 174: ...to create a separate sequencer for this purpose The sequencer can be synchronized with the process state using the synchronize function Which method you use depends on the type of process Interlocks In S7 Graph interlocks can be defined for each step All actions that are executed depending on a condition are only activated when the interlock conditions are satisfied If the interlock conditions are...

Page 175: ...ccurs in units In these situations all movements must be stopped or frozen with the following effects The sequencers are stopped by switching to SW_MAN At the unit level the output signals are deactivated by canceling the automatic enable Synchronization Synchronization of the sequencer with the state of the process or machine is required at least in the following situations Case 1 A program chang...

Page 176: ...an then jump to the suitable step Modifications During Installation and Startup If changes are made to the sequencer structure during installation and startup for example a step is added deleted or renumbered or a transition is deleted or added a new instance DB is created when you compile the sequencer Downloading the instance DB to the PLC has the same effect as initialization with the INIT_SQ i...

Page 177: ...Programming Sequential Control Systems C79000 G7076 C526 01 14 11 SW_MAN SW_AUTO SW_TAP Autom Inch Man FB sequencer AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON With this logic the sequencer returns to the state set by the signals automatic inching manual after one cycle ...

Page 178: ...it is important to be able to recognize an eliminate the cause as quickly as possible With the monitoring and interlock functions in S7 Graph and with the standardized diagnostic interfaces this requirement is met ideally The following diagram shows the interaction between a programming device with S7 Graph the programmable logic controller and the operator panel FB DB FB DB Message no step no Mes...

Page 179: ...7 Graph FB again and save it Creating Messages To display disturbances on for example an operator panel you must click the option Message with ALARM_SQ ALARM_S SFC17 SFC18 in the Messages tab page that you can display with the menu command Options Block Settings If this option is selected a message is entered in the message memory of the CPU by the selected SFC and automatically transferred to the...

Page 180: ...play The network affected is displayed in Ladder Logic or statement list representation and the missing conditions are marked In the display you also have the option of displaying the entire network or the reduced network containing only the conditions affected This is particularly useful with more extensive logic operations ...

Page 181: ... compile or download the block S7 Graph checks whether it is necessary to create or update the instance DB and takes whatever action is necessary Interface Description In the Save Compile tab there are two possible settings for the interface description of the instance DB Structure Arrays If you select Structure Arrays detailed information about the sequencer transitions steps sequencer statuses e...

Page 182: ...dialog box that is the same as the number of the current FB If your function block for example is called FB6 S7 Graph proposes DB6 You can either accept the proposed DB name or click the Select button and specify a different DB name or a different path 15 3 Automatic Creation of the Instance DB on Saving If you have set the option Include Instance DB in the General tab page that you display with t...

Page 183: ...e DB is overwritten 15 5 Displaying and Printing the Content of the Instance DB To display and print the content of the instance DB follow the steps outlined below 1 While in the SIMATIC Manager open the DB in the relevant user program by double clicking it 2 Select the menu command View Data View in the LAD STL FBD editor 3 To print the content of the instance DB select the menu command File Prin...

Page 184: ...e DB Area Identifier Length FB parameters Names of the input and output parameters of the S7 Graph FB Depends on the selected parameter set 2 bytes minimum 10 bytes Standard Maximum Individual Maximum V5 User def Reserved work area G7T_0 16 bytes Transitions Transition name for example Trans1 Trans2 number of transitions 16 bytes Reserved work area G7S_0 32 bytes Steps Step name for example Step1 ...

Page 185: ...T_TM HALT_TIMES Stop reactivate all step activation times and time dependent instructions L and D of the sequencer BOOL yes no yes no ZERO_OP ZERO_OPERANDS Reset all addresses of the instructions N D L in active steps to zero and do not execute CALL instructions in actions reactivate addresses and CALL instructions BOOL yes no yes no EN_IL ENABLE_INTERLOCKS Deactivate reactivate interlocks BOOL ye...

Page 186: ...ODE_TRANSITION_OR_ PUSH Mode change Automatic or switch to next BOOL yes no yes no SW_MAN SWITCH_MODE_MANUAL Mode changer Manual mode no triggering of automatic execution BOOL yes no yes no S_SEL STEP_SELECT Selects a specific step for the output parameter S_NO Activate deactivate in the manual mode with S_ON S_OFF INT yes no yes no S_SELOK STEP_SELECT_OK Use value in S_SEL for S_NO BOOL yes no ye...

Page 187: ...its DWORD yes no yes no S_STATE STEP_STATE Step state bits WORD yes no yes no T_NO TRANSITION_NUMBER Valid transition number INT yes no yes no T_MORE MORE_TRANSITIONS Other valid transitions available for display BOOL yes no yes no T_CRIT TRANSITION_CRITERIA Transition criteria bits DWORD yes no yes no T_CRITOLD T_CRITERIA_LAST_CYCLE Transition criteria bits from last cycle DWORD yes no yes no T_C...

Page 188: ...N ABLED STEP_SKIPPING_IS_ENABLED Skip step activated BOOL yes no yes no SACT_DISP ACTIVE_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYE D Display list with active steps only BOOL yes no yes no SEF_DISP STEPS_WITH_ERROR_FAULT_ WERE_DISPLAYED Display list only with steps with error and disturbed steps BOOL yes no yes no SALL_DISP ALL_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED Display list with all steps BOOL yes no yes no AUTO_ON AUTOMATIC_IS_ON I...

Page 189: ...icates the user defined transition number INT no no yes no CRIT Status of the maximum 32 LAD FBD elements of the transition in the current processing cycle DWORD yes no yes no CRIT_OLD Status of the maximum 32 LAD FBD elements of the transition in the previous processing cycle DWORD yes no yes no CRIT_FLT Copy of CRIT if an error occurs DWORD yes no yes no Structure arrays Option If you have selec...

Page 190: ...the Individual structures option the structures of the transitions are entered as separate sections in the instance DB one after the other as follows Structure Name Length in Bytes Transition1 16 Transition2 16 Internal access uses the transition number or the transition name followed by the name of the structure element This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions T00...

Page 191: ... state BOOL yes no yes no X Step is active BOOL yes no yes no LA Interlock is not satisfied BOOL yes no yes no VA Supervision active BOOL yes no yes no RA Reserved BOOL no no no no AA Reserved BOOL no no no no SS System internal BOOL no no no no LS Direct result of the programmed interlock BOOL yes no yes no VS Direct result of the programmed supervision BOOL yes no yes no SNO User Step Number INT...

Page 192: ...V_FLT System internal BYTE no no no no RESERVED Reserve DWORD no no no no If you selected the Structure arrays option a field with the structures of the steps is generated as follows Array Name Length in Bytes G7S number of steps 32 Internal access uses the step number followed by the name of the structure element This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions S003 X S01...

Page 193: ... that the following access is possible in conditions or actions S003 X S017 T DRY X External access uses only the step name structure name followed by the name of the structure element as follows DRY X DRY T 15 12 Sequencer Status The sequencer status area consists of several components arrays or structures containing information about the status of the sequencer as follows Permanent Instructions ...

Page 194: ...es no POST_CNT Number of permanent instructions after the sequencer WORD no no yes no Index Arrays The first component of the sequencer status area contains the index arrays for managing the internal step and transition numbers Index Name Description Data Type Length in Bytes Read int Write Int Read Ext Write Ext TVX Array of valid transitions BYTE intern no no yes no TTX Array of satisfied transi...

Page 195: ... 2 yes no yes no S_SEL_OLD System internal INT 2 no no no no S_DISPIDX System internal BYTE 1 no no no no T_DISPIDX System internal BYTE 1 no no no no Length of the Index Arrays The length of the index arrays TVX to S1X is obtained as follows l maximum number of elements 2 The index arrays are structured as follows Array 0 Index of the first free position in the array Array 1 Array n 2 Entries Arr...

Page 196: ... no REG_S Reserved BOOL no no no no T_PREV Reserved BOOL no no no no T_NEXT Reserved BOOL no no no no LOCK Activate deactivate interlock processing BOOL yes yes yes yes SUP Activate deactivate supervision processing BOOL yes yes yes yes ACKREQ Reserved BOOL no no no no SSKIP Reserved BOOL no no no no OFF Deactivate sequencer BOOL yes yes yes yes INIT Activate initial steps BOOL yes yes yes yes HAL...

Page 197: ...o no S_ON Manual mode Activate the displayed step BOOL yes yes yes yes S_OFF Manual mode Deactivate the displayed step BOOL yes yes yes yes T_PUSH Mode Inching Transition switches when the satisfied condition is accepted with T_PUSH BOOL yes yes yes yes REG Reserved BOOL no no no no ACK Acknowledgment of a disturbance BOOL yes yes yes yes IL_PERM Permanent interlock processing BOOL yes yes yes yes...

Page 198: ...ining information about the activation time calculation This is only evaluated internally by the system Structure Name Description Length in Bytes TICKS System internal 12 Group Bits The last component of a sequencer status area contains group bits that monitor the internal sequencer status A structure is created as follows for these group bits Name Description Data Type Read int Write Int Read Ex...

Page 199: ...o no no no AS_SEND System internal BOOL no no no no SQ_BUSY System internal BOOL no no no no SA_BUSY System internal BOOL no no no no AS_SIG System internal BOOL no no no no The component with group bits is saved in the instance DB as follows Structure Name Type Description Length in Bytes SQ_FLAGS t_sq_flags Group bits 2 15 13 Internal Data Area This part of the instance DB is a system internal a...

Page 200: ...lowing fields start at an even address BYTE BYTE BYTE ADR_LOG_L Descriptions of all interlock conditions with contents the start addresses are in the field ADR_LOG_L here a 0 is entered for empty interlocks and there is no description LOG_Lp LOG_Lq LOG_Lr This is possibly followed by padding bytes with the value 0 at the end of LOG_Ly so that the following fields start with an even address BYTE BY...

Page 201: ...tion Data Length Internal work area 2 variable variable Numeric Data of the Sequencer Address Description Data Length n 36 ADR_COND Address for the end of the condition descriptions ADR_COND Address ADR_LOG_T 0 c WORD 2 n 34 MAX_TVAL Max number of simultaneously valid transitions BYTE 1 n 33 MAX_SACT Max number of simultaneously active steps BYTE 1 n 32 MAX_CRIT Max number of criteria per conditio...

Page 202: ...meters DWORD 1 n 18 SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 1 WORD 6 n 6 SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 2 Bit 0 1 condition descriptions exist BYTE 1 n 5 SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 3 BYTE 1 n 4 G7_FBMARK Compatibility FB criteria analysis 010 1 0 BYTE 1 n 3 G7_RELEASE Graph version number 010 1 0 BYTE 1 n 2 G7_ID2 Graph ID 7 BYTE 1 n 1 G7_ID1 Graph ID G BYTE 1 n Length of the instance DB in bytes ...

Page 203: ...nts for example System checkpoint SCP User checkpoint Criteria analysis Criteria analysis is a software program for S7 Graph consisting of criteria FBs and extended instance DBs The criteria analysis detects and influences plant states of S7 Graph sequential control systems Deactivate Deactivating means that the step is terminated by the corresponding transition or by another step Edge evaluation ...

Page 204: ...ransitions supervisions or interlocks The normally open contact switches when the Boolean address is set The normally closed contact switches when the Boolean address is not set Process image Memory area on the CPU in which the states of the inputs and outputs is entered Process image input table PII PII Process image output table PIQ PIQ Processing time The processing time is the time required by...

Page 205: ...state of an address on the screen or display of a programming device connected online to the PLC Step The control task is divided into single steps Actions are formulated in the steps that are executed by the controller in a certain status for example for controlling the outputs or activating deactivating steps Step Comment A step comment is a text for a step and can have up to 2048 characters Ste...

Page 206: ... of the sequencer containing the conditions to pass control from one step to the next A valid transition is a transition whose predecessor step or steps are active A transition that is valid and whose step enabling conditions are satisfied passes control to the next step The predecessor step is deactivated and the successor step is activated User checkpoint The user checkpoint is a selectable poin...

Page 207: ...e 9 10 Automatic or step to next 9 10 Automatic or switch to next mode 9 14 B Bit logic operations 7 20 Block downloading from PG to CPU 10 1 uploading from CPU to PG 10 2 Block comment 6 11 entering 6 11 C Colors customizing 4 10 Compiling an S7 Graph source file 8 10 automatic 8 10 sequencers 8 10 Condition programming with FBD elements 7 21 programming with Ladder Logic elements 7 17 Conditions...

Page 208: ... 7 8 Initial step 6 5 Insert mode direct 7 19 drag drop 7 19 Installation 2 1 errors 2 8 Installation requirements 2 7 Instance DB 15 1 accessing 15 3 displaying contents 15 3 downloading 10 1 include 15 2 include automatically 10 1 interface description 15 1 internal working area 15 19 modes 15 16 outline of structure 15 4 printing 15 3 sequencer status 15 13 structure of a step 15 11 structure o...

Page 209: ... for signaling and acknowledgment 7 25 Right of use 2 1 Rules for entering FBD elements 7 23 for entering Ladder Logic elements 7 19 for saving an S7 Graph FB 8 2 for saving and compiling 8 1 for the structure of a sequencer 6 4 Rules for Creating and Calling the S7 Graph Source File 5 3 Rules for creating an S7 Graph FB 5 3 Rules for saving a source file 8 2 S S7 Graph installing 2 6 starting 4 1...

Page 210: ... renumbering 6 5 Structure arrays 15 1 Structure of the sequencer programming 6 1 Supervision 7 16 Supervision error during operation 7 25 Supervision errors 7 25 SW_AUTO 9 10 SW_MAN 9 10 SW_TAP 9 10 SW_TOP 9 10 Symbol table creating 3 8 Symbolic addresses 7 28 Synchronization 11 4 T Technological task 3 3 Test function control sequencer 3 19 11 3 Test functions in STEP 7 11 5 Testing requirements...

Page 211: ...e Rheinbrueckenstr 50 76181 Karlsruhe From Your Name Your Title Company Name Street Country Phone Please check any industry that applies to you Automotive Pharmaceutical Chemical Plastic Electrical Machinery Pulp and Paper Food Textiles Instrument and Control Transportation Nonelectrical Machinery Other Petrochemical ...

Page 212: ...e opportunity to fill out this questionnaire and return it to Siemens Please give each of the following questions your own personal mark within the range from 1 very good to 5 poor 1 Do the contents meet your requirements o 2 Is the information you need easy to find o 3 Is the text easy to understand o 4 Does the level of technical detail meet your requirements o 5 Please rate the quality of the g...

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