Siemens 7SR45 Argus User Manual Download Page 34

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Chapter 1 - 7SR45 Description of Operation

3.6 Time Delayed Measured Earth Fault Protection (51G)

One time delayed measured earth fault element is provided in the 7SR45 Argus Relay.

51G-1

51G-n Setting

sets the pick-up current level.

A total of 7 shaped characteristics are provided from IEC and ANSI. An inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)

characteristic is selected using

51G-n Char

. A time multiplier is applied to the characteristic curves using the

51G-n Time Mult setting

. Alternatively, a Definite Time Lag (DTL) can be chosen using

51G-n Char

When DTL is selected the time multiplier is not applied and the

51G-n Delay (DTL)

setting is used instead.

The

51G-n Reset

setting can apply a

definite time delayed

reset, or when the operation is configured as an IEC

or ANSI if the reset is selected as

IEC/ANSI (DECAY)

, reset the associated reset curve will be used. The reset

mode is significant where the characteristic has reset before issuing a trip output.
A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be set using

51G-n MinOperate

setting.

A fixed additional operate time can be added to the characteristic using

51G-n Follower

setting.

Operation of the time delayed measured earth fault elements can be inhibited by assigning binary inputs.

Inhibit 51G-n

A binary input.

General Pickup

51 G - n

/50G Measurement

51G- n Setting
51G-n Char
51G- n Time Mult

51G- n MinOperate

51G- n Reset

51G-n Delay (DTL )

51G-n Foll’ower

Pickup

trip

Inhibit 51G-n

Gn 51G-n Element

Enabled

Disabled

Gn
Gn
Gn

Gn 51G

Figure 3-6

Logic Diagram: Time Delayed Measured Earth Fault Element

The following are the 51G-n supported Curve Characteristic:

•

DTL, IEC-NI, IEC-VI, IEC-EI, IEC-LTI, ANSI-MI, ANSI-VI, ANSI-EI

Operating time for IEC :

( )

X Tm

Operating time for IEEE/ANSI :

( )

X Tm

+ B

Reset time for IEC/IEEE/ANSI : t

( )

X Tm

Summary of Contents for 7SR45 Argus

Page 1: ...7SR45 Argus Self Powered Dual Powered Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay Reyrolle Protection Devices ...

Page 2: ... 2018 Siemens Protection Devices Limited 2 ...

Page 3: ...el or article be reproduced from this document unless Siemens Protection Devices Limited consent While the information and guidance given in this document is believed to be correct no liability shall be accepted for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause Any and all such liability is disclaimed 2018 Siemens P...

Page 4: ...ist of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue Software Revision History 2018 06 2438H80001R2b 1b Third Release 2018 04 2438H80001R2a 1a Second Release 2017 08 2438H80001R1e 1a Software maintenance to suit customer requirements 2017 01 2438H80001R1d 1a...

Page 5: ...Trip Alert 22 2 10 2 Alarm Alert 22 2 10 3 Info Alert 22 2 11 Parameter Edit Screen 23 Section 3 Protection Functions 50 51 50N 51N 50G 51G 50LC 24 3 1 Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection 50 24 3 2 Time Delayed Overcurrent Protection 51 25 3 3 Instantaneous Derived Earth Fault Protection 50N 27 3 4 Time Delayed Derived Earth Fault Protection 51N 28 3 5 Instantaneous Measured Earth Fault Protectio...

Page 6: ... Earth Fault Relay with Flag 12 Figure 2 1 7SR45 Argus Relay Front Fascia with Flag Output 13 Figure 2 2 7SR45 Argus Relay Front Fascia without Flag Output 14 Figure 2 3 7SR45 Argus Relay Connectors with 4 BI and 4 BO 15 Figure 2 4 7SR45 Argus Relay Connectors with 2 BI and 2 BO 16 Figure 2 5 7SR4501 7SR4502 7SR4503 Argus Self Powered Relay LED Indication Label 16 Figure 2 6 7SR4502 7SR4504 Argus ...

Page 7: ...ces Limited Chapter 1 Page 4 of 48 Symbols and Nomenclature The following notational and formatting conventions are used within the remainder of this document Setting Menu Location MAIN MENU SUB MENU Setting Elem name Setting Setting value value Alternatives 1st 2nd 3rd ...

Page 8: ... special provision SP 188 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods 17 th revised edition and is classified according to ADR RID ADN IMDG Code UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment class 9 preconditions of SP 188 met ICAO TI IATA DGR UN 3091 Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment class 9 preconditions of section II of packing instruction PI 970 met Do n...

Page 9: ...ll prevail with respect to the Open Source Software portions of the software The Open Source Software is licensed royalty free Insofar as the applicable Open Source Software License Conditions provide for it you can order the source code of the Open Source Software from your Siemens sales contact against payment of the shipping and handling charges for a period of at least 3 years since purchase o...

Page 10: ...mote Flag Indicator 7SR45 Argus is a member of Siemens Reyrolle protection devices Argus product family 7SR45 Argus Self Powered Dual Powered Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay is housed in a 4U high size 4 non draw out case and provides protection monitoring and instrumentation functions with integrated input and output logic and fault reports The relay functionality can be configu...

Page 11: ...wered Aux Powered 24 V to 60 V DC BI threshold 19 V DC Dual powered CT Powered Aux Powered 60 V to 240 V AC DC BI threshold 88 V AC DC G H J 1 2 2 Front Fascia Standard Version Standard Version with Trip Flag Indicator A B Communication Options Front port USB Front Port USB and Rear Port RS 485 supporting IEC 60870 5 103 and Modbus RTU user selectable setting 1 2 Protection Function Packages Stand...

Page 12: ...8 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 1 Page 9 of 48 1 5 Functional Diagram 7SR45 51 50G x2 51G 50 x2 50N x2 51N IL1 IA IL2 IB IL3 IC IL4 IG 51 50 x2 51 50 x2 50LC SOTF 50LC SOTF 50LC SOTF Figure 1 1 Functional Diagram of 7SR45 Argus Relay ...

Page 13: ...ulse Output PO Fixed Terminal Current Transformer CT non pluggable Remote Flag Indicator RS485 Communication Port Auxiliary Power Supply GND IL1 1A 5A X5 BI1 BI2 ve X1 IL2 1A 5A IL3 1A 5A IL4 1A 5A ve 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 ve ve 3 4 ve ve 1 2 X2 X3 BO1 BO2 NO 1 2 COM 3 NC 4 5 6 PO NOTES Items shown in BOLD are ordering options 7SR4501 Terminal Label Figure 1 2 Terminal Diagram of Self Powered 7SR450...

Page 14: ...minal Diagram of Self Powered 7SR4501 xGB10 1AA0 and 7SR4503 xGB10 1AA0 Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay with Flag A B TERM GND RS 485 X4 X3 L N E IL1 1A 5A X1 IL2 IL3 IL4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 GND NOTES BI1 BI2 ve ve 1 2 ve ve 3 4 PO ve ve 13 14 FO ve ve 15 16 BO1 BO2 NO 6 7 COM 8 NC 9 10 5 11 12 X2 1A 5A 1A 5A 1A 5A 8 7SR4501 7SR4503 Terminal Label Items shown in BOLD are ...

Page 15: ...I2 ve ve 1 2 ve ve 3 4 PO ve ve 13 14 FO ve ve 15 16 BO1 BO2 NO 6 7 COM 8 NC 9 10 5 11 12 X2 NO 1 2 COM 3 NC 4 5 8 NOTES Items shown in BOLD are ordering options 7SR4504 Terminal Label 1A 5A 1A 5A 1A 5A 1A 5A Figure 1 5 Terminal Diagram of Dual Powered 7SR4502 7SR4504 Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay with Flag The CT terminals are suitable for ring type lug connection and to provi...

Page 16: ...ia with 9 non programmable LEDs 2 Processor Module 3 Current Analogue 4 Input Module 5 Output Module 6 Power Supply Module 7 Rear Port Communications Module Available with dual powered model 2 2 Front Fascia The front fascia is an integral part of the relay and allows the user to access all the push buttons and performs the setting changes and control actions The fascia provides an option to reset...

Page 17: ...V DC The power supply module is equipped with 2 or 4 binary inputs and binary outputs based on the ordering options The PSU also consists of one RS485 communication interface half duplex for communicating with RTUs and parameterization of relays via remote locations For AC connections the auxiliary supply is made with the live connection to positive terminal and neutral connection to negative for ...

Page 18: ...ply Remote flag output Pulse output Binary inputs Binary outputs RS485 connector 2 4 1 Connectors for Self and Dual Powered Relay Variant The power supply module is equipped with additional two numbers of binary input and binary outputs It also consists of RS485 communication port at the rear side Rear Communication Port Current Inputs Binary Inputs Binary Outputs Flag Output Pulse Output Addition...

Page 19: ...R45 Argus Relay Connectors with 2 BI and 2 BO 2 5 Operator Interface The operator interface is designed to provide a user friendly method of entering the settings and retrieving data from the relay The rating label is located on the housing and provides more technical information about the 7SR45 Argus Relay Figure 2 5 7SR4501 7SR4502 7SR4503 Argus Self Powered Relay LED Indication Label ...

Page 20: ...l With Flag 2 6 Relay Information The rating label contains the following product Information Product name Auxiliary voltage range Rated burden Nominal current rating Rated frequency Binary input supply rating MLFB ordering code with hardware version suffix Serial number Where GF Goa factory YY Year of manufacturing MM Month of manufacturing XXXXXX Serial number of the relay ...

Page 21: ...ts Up to four general alarms can be programmed each triggered from one or more input Each general alarm will also generate an event The backlight TURNS ON automatically if the 7SR45 Argus Relay is powered on with phase CT input and the current is more than 0 4xIn single phase or 0 14xIn three phase If the 7SR45 Argus Relay is energized with current less than the defined limits the backlight does n...

Page 22: ...ult indication on the fascia This push button is also used for selecting the menu or selecting parameter values in the edit mode By using this push button the user can acknowledge the LEDs binary output and trip flag indication This push button is used for selecting the parameter or confirming the values The ENTER push button is used to initiate and accept the setting changes Press ENTER to edit t...

Page 23: ...ndicates that the required CT current 0 20xIn minimum phase current in single phase or 0 10xIn minimum phase current in three phases or auxiliary power supply is applied to the relay and the relay is functioning healthy 2 6 3 3 Trip Ready LED The steady illumination of Trip Ready LED indicates that required CT current 0 20xIn minimum phase current in single phase or 0 10xIn minimum phase current i...

Page 24: ... be disabled by configuring as NONE From the parameter view screen the user enters the password and presses ENTER for validation If the entered password is valid the next screen appears If the password is invalid LCD displays the password retry screen again After the successful log on and editing of parameter password prompt screen does not appear until the log on expires If the user does not perf...

Page 25: ...esence of fault current and the fault persists This alert appears when reset of the fault flag is failed due to the presence of fault current or due to the presence of a BI signal during maintenance This alert appears when the user connects to the USB host Enter the password twice for confirmation or changing a password This alert message appears when the password does not match with the previousl...

Page 26: ...lay Identifier screen navigate to the Parameter screen 2 In the Parameter screen press ENTER key to display the edit screen 3 In the Edit Screen the user can edit the parameter value in the editable field 4 Press key and key to select the valid value 5 Press ENTER to save the parameter value To discard the parameter value press the CANCEL key 6 Press CANCEL until the Save and Restart pop up screen...

Page 27: ...antaneous overcurrent elements can be inhibited by assigning binary inputs Inhibit 50 n A binary input 1 Inhibit 50 n 50 n Gn 50 n Setting c Gn 50 n Enabled Disabled Gn 50 n Delay IL1 IL2 IL3 Gn 50 51 Measurement 1 General Pickup Figure 3 1 Logic Diagram Instantaneous Overcurrent Element Table 3 1 Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection 50 n Parameters Description Default Value Min Max Step Change Gn...

Page 28: ...1 n Delay DTL setting is used instead The 51 n Reset setting can apply a definite time delayed reset or when the operation is configured as an IEC or ANSI and if the reset is selected as IEC ANSI DECAY reset the associated reset curve will be used A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be set using 51 n MinOperate setting A fixed additional operate time can be added to the characteristi...

Page 29: ... 80 2 0 58 2 2 IEC LTI 120 1 0 80 2 IEEE ANSI MI 0 02 0 0515 0 114 4 85 2 IEEE ANSI VI 2 0 19 61 0 491 21 6 2 IEEE ANSI EI 2 0 28 2 0 1217 29 1 2 Where I Fault current Magnitude Is Pickup setting Tm Time multiplier Table 3 3 Time Delayed Overcurrent Protection 51 n Parameters Description Default Value Min Max Step Change Gn 51 n Element 51 1 Block Disabled Gn 51 n Setting Pick up current 1xIn 0 2x...

Page 30: ...a definite time delay 50N n Delay Operation of the instantaneous derived earth fault elements can be inhibited by assigning binary inputs Inhibit 50N n A binary input 50N n c Gn 50N nSetting Gn 50N n Delay IL1 IL2 IL3 IN Inhibit 50N n Gn 50N n Element Enabled Disabled General Pickup Figure 3 3 Logic Diagram Instantaneous Derived Earth Fault Element Table 3 4 Instantaneous Derived Earth Fault Prote...

Page 31: ...peration is configured as an IEC or ANSI if the reset is selected as IEC ANSI DECAY reset the associated reset curve will be used A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be set using the 51N n MinOperate setting A fixed additional operate time can be added to the characteristic using the 51N n Follower setting Operation of the time delayed derived earth fault elements can be inhibited by...

Page 32: ...9 1 2 Where I Fault current Magnitude Is Pickup setting Tm Time multiplier Table 3 6 Time Delayed Derived Earth Fault Protection 51N n Parameters Description Default Value Min Max Step Change Gn 51N n Element 51N n Block Disabled Gn 51N n Setting Pick up current 0 5xIn 0 1xIn 0 8xIn 0 01 Gn 51N n Char Characteristics IEC NI Gn 51N n Time Mult Time Multiplier other than DTL 1 0 01 10 0 01 Gn 51N n ...

Page 33: ...nite time delay 50G n Delay Operation of the instantaneous measured earth fault elements can be inhibited by assigning binary inputs Inhibit 50G n A binary input 50G n c Gn 50G n Setting G n Delay IG 51G 50G Measurement General Pickup Inhibit50 G n Gn 50G n Element Enabled Disabled Gn 50 Figure 3 5 Logic Diagram Instantaneous Measured Earth fault Element Table 3 7 Instantaneous Measured Earth Faul...

Page 34: ...selected as IEC ANSI DECAY reset the associated reset curve will be used The reset mode is significant where the characteristic has reset before issuing a trip output A minimum operate time for the characteristic can be set using 51G n MinOperate setting A fixed additional operate time can be added to the characteristic using 51G n Follower setting Operation of the time delayed measured earth faul...

Page 35: ... 2 Where I Fault current Magnitude Is Pickup setting Tm Time multiplier Table 3 9 Time Delayed Measured Earth Fault Protection 51G n Parameters Description Default Value Min Max Step Change Gn 51G n Element 51G 1 Block Disabled Gn 51G n Setting Pick up current 0 5xIn 0 06xIn 0 80xIn 0 01 Gn 51G n Char Characteristics IEC NI Gn 51G n Time Mult Time Multiplier other than DTL 1 0 01 10 0 01 Gn 51G n ...

Page 36: ...om the CT interrupt and trips when any fault is detected as per the user settings After the 25 AC cycles SOTF function would be inhibited automatically SOTF can be inhibited by assigning binary input Operation of the Switch On To Fault elements can be inhibited from Inhibit 50LC A binary input 1 Inhibit 50LC 50 LC Gn 50LC Setting c Gn 50LC SOTF Enabled Disabled IL1 IL2 IL3 Gn 50 LC Measurement 1 G...

Page 37: ...F operating time for the CT power only Figure 3 8 Operating Time for Switch On To fault with Binary Outputs Figure 3 9 Operating Time for Switch On To fault with Pulse Output NOTE The multi phase faults results to a shorter operating time Under the low battery or battery drained condition the boot up time is increased by maximum of 25 ms ...

Page 38: ...m n 3 9 Reset LED Trip Flag Indication and Binary Outputs Depending upon any binary output configuration set by the user to operate the protection function if the protection functions detect any fault binary output s local and remote trip flag indications trip and respective phase or earth LEDs operate and latch By using the RESET flag functionality the user can reset binary outputs LEDs local tri...

Page 39: ...are Input Matrix 3 9 2 Reset using Reydisp Software When the relay is latched LEDs can be reset by sending an appropriate command over the data communications channels using Reydisp software Figure 3 11 Reset Flags In the Reydisp Evolution screen navigate to Relay Control and click Reset Flags 3 9 3 TEST RESET Key From the Relay Identifier Screen reset the LEDs and outputs by pressing the TEST RES...

Page 40: ...SCADA The 7SR45 Argus Relays are available with 2 or 4 binary inputs The user can assign any binary input to any of the available functions such as inhibits binary outputs reset flags and general alarms INPUT CONFIG INPUT MATRIX Binary input can also be mapped to operate the pulse output in the presence of auxiliary power supply CT input Pick up PU and drop off DO time delays are associated with e...

Page 41: ...ervice mode 1 General Alarm 1 Display General alarm 1 text 1 General Alarm 2 Display General alarm 2 text 1 General Alarm 3 Display General alarm 3 text 1 General Alarm 4 Display General alarm 4 text 1 NOTE For 7SR4501 variants these parameters are not available For 7SR4501 xGA10 1AA0 variant these parameters are not available Table 3 13 Binary Input Configuration Parameters Description Default Va...

Page 42: ...For 7SR4501 xGA10 1AA0 Self Reset Hand Reset In the default operating mode binary outputs are self reset If required the outputs can be programmed to operate as hand reset However the hand reset functionality is applicable for protection trip signals IRF signal and BI signals only All the supervisory signals such as low battery general pick up and protection healthy are always of self reset type B...

Page 43: ...ted 1 BI4 Operated BI 4 operated 1 NOTE For all 7SR4501 variants these parameters are not available NOTE For 7SR4501 xGA10 1AA0 variant these parameters are not available NOTE If a binary output is assigned to IRF do not use the same binary output for any other functions 3 13 Binary Output Operations The relay reset can be performed from the Relay Identifier Screen TEST RESET key If the fault curr...

Page 44: ...s ON and 500 ms OFF The remote flag output operates when any protection function trips The energy is stored by a capacitor built into the protection relay The capacitor is charged by auxiliary voltage or phase current The pulses are repeated until the fault current falls below the set value The remote flag output does not require any mapping with protection functions NOTE The time between the two ...

Page 45: ...current is necessary for the healthy functioning of the relay The PROTECTION HEALTHY and TRIP READY LEDs indicates the healthiness of the relay The following graphs show the sensitivity of the relay and the corresponding operating time for the different start up currents Figure 3 14 Sensitivity for Single Phase Fault with Binary Output Figure 3 15 Sensitivity for Single Phase Fault with Pulse Outp...

Page 46: ... the USB mode In the USB mode the local flag indicator reset is only possible The pulse output and remote flag output cannot be operated with USB 3 16 4 Battery In the battery mode the relay can be energized by pressing the BAT ON OFF key or if any binary input status is changed The battery is used to operate 7SR45 Argus Relay only when other power sources are not available In the battery mode all...

Page 47: ...ge reduces below 1 5V while doing the setting changes the device will enter sleep mode and all unsaved setting changes will be discarded NOTE For selected variants only When the battery voltage has dropped below 1 5 V the low battery LED flickers continuously and indicates that the critical voltage level is reached The Critical Battery event will be raised 3 17 Maintenance Mode 3 17 1 Output Test ...

Page 48: ...dged NOTE In case Card Error and MLFB Error the relay will not be functional and the relay should be sent to the factory The following table displays the error messages and the error codes in the Instrument Mode Table 3 16 IRF Errors Error Code Error Message Setting Error 00000001 Load default settings Calibration Error 00000010 Load default calibration MLFB Error 00000100 MLFB Information Error C...

Page 49: ...rder and viewed in the sequence of events 3 20 Real Time Clock Time and date can be set either via the relay fascia using appropriate commands in the System Config menu or using Reydisp software When the relay is de energized time and date are maintained by CR1632 3 V 140 mAh Li MnO2 coin cell batteries The relay can be synchronized to the nearest second or minute using the Reydisp software The de...

Page 50: ...ngs Group number Gn 1 to 2 At any one time only one group of settings can be active SYSTEM CONFIG Active Group setting By using the View Edit Group settings the user can edit one group when the relay operates as per the settings from another active group Some settings are independent of the active group setting i e they apply to all settings groups The group dependent settings are indicated by Gn ...

Page 51: ...ting the flags with battery power 3 25 Firmware Update In 7SR45 Argus Relay firmware can be updated by performing the following procedure 1 Connect the relay to a local PC using a USB cable 2 Run the valid executable file from the local PC The application detects the connected relay and updates the firmware If any failure occurs a message appears automatically in the PC application 3 After success...

Page 52: ... 7SR45 Settings Instruments Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 53: ...Mode 6 Section 2 Setting Configuring the Relay Using Reydisp Evolution 7 2 1 Physical Connection 7 2 1 1 Front USB connection 7 2 1 2 Rear RS485 connection 7 2 1 3 Configuring Relay Serial Data Communication 8 2 2 Connecting to the Relay for setting via Reydisp 9 List of Figures Figure 1 1 Menus 3 Figure 1 2 Relay Identifier Screen 3 Figure 1 3 Menu Structure 5 Figure 2 1 USB connection to PC 7 Fi...

Page 54: ...tion Figures 1 3 show the basic menu structure diagram and display the main modes SETTING MODE INSTRUMENT MODE FAULT DATA MODE When the relay is shipped from the factory all stored data is cleared and the password is set to NONE When the relay is energized for the first time the following message is displayed Figure 1 2 Relay Identifier Screen 1 3 Setting Mode The Setting Mode is reached by pressi...

Page 55: ...rrents measured and derived earth currents Secondary Current Ia 0 000A Ib 0 000A Ic 0 000A Ig 0 000A In 0 000A Displays the secondary values of 3 phase currents measured and derived earth currents BINARY I p METER to view Binary Input Meter displays the status of the binary input signals TEST RESET key allows access to sub group The values of binary input status refreshes at every 1 s interval BI ...

Page 56: ... Pickup BI 4 Dropoff Active Grp 1 Active Grp 2 Out Of Service mode MAINTENANCE BINARY O P METER GEN ALARM METER MISC METER BATTERY PROFILE SETTING GROUP FAULT RECS EVENT RECS IRF STATUS AUXILIARY INPUT PRIMARY CURRENT PRIMARY CURRENT Ia PRIMARY CURRENT Ib PRIMARY CURRENT Ic PRIMARY CURRENT Ig PRIMARY CURRENT In SECOND Y CURRENT SECOND Y CURRENT Ia SECOND Y CURRENT Ib SECOND Y CURRENT Ic SECOND Y C...

Page 57: ...f 9 1 5 Fault Data Mode 7SR45 Argus Relay stores maximum of 10 fault records Each stored fault data can be viewed by pressing the TEST RESET key Each record contains data of the operated elements analogue values and LED status at the time of the fault The data is viewed by scrolling down using the key ...

Page 58: ...oft NET framework for tools 2 1 Physical Connection The relay can be connected to Reydisp via any of the communication ports on the relay Suitable communication Interface cable and converters are required depending which port is being used 2 1 1 Front USB connection To connect your pc locally via the front USB port USB Data Cable USB Type A USB Type B USB Type B socket on Relay USB Type A Socket o...

Page 59: ...cted to IEC60870 5 103 Table 2 1 COM1 RS485 Port and COM2 USB Port Description Range Default COM1 RS485 Protocol Selects protocol to use for COM1 RS485 OFF IEC60870 5 103 MODBUS RTU MODBUS RTU COM1 RS485 Station Address Sets the station address for COM1 RS485 0 254 for IEC60870 5 103 1 247 for Modbus RTU 1 COM1 RS485 Baud Rate Sets the communications baud rate for COM1 RS485 1200 2400 4800 9600 19...

Page 60: ...sure the baud rate and parity match that selected in the relay settings Select Connect to initiate the relay PC connection Figure 2 3 PC Com Port Selection The relay settings can now be configured using the Reydisp software Please refer to the Reydisp Evolution Manual for further guidance NOTE 1 In Reydisp Evolution verify that Do NOT Check Communications Connection is selected in the Advanced pro...

Page 61: ...R45 Performance Specification Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 62: ...ion 2018 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 2 of 14 Contents Section 1 Performance Specification 3 1 1 Indication of Conformity 3 1 2 Technical Specifications 3 1 3 Environmental Performance 7 1 4 Performance Specification 13 ...

Page 63: ...011 65 EU is met using the standard EN 50581 The device has been designed and produced for industrial use 1 2 Technical Specifications This section provides the technical information of 7SR45 Argus Relay Table 1 1 Technical Data Overview Depending on the ordering option Product Family Non Directional Self Powered Dual Powered Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relay Case and LEDs Non draw out Polycarbona...

Page 64: ...ing terminal M3 5 stud size 2 6 mm to 6 6 mm 12 AWG Auxiliary Supply Insulated tin plated crimp pin connector 2 6 mm to 6 6 mm 12 AWG to 10 AWG Rear Communication Port Pin type lug 1 5 mm2 control cable Front Communication Port USB Type B Binary Input Binary Output Pulse Output Flag Output Insulated tin plated crimp pin connector 2 6 mm to 6 6 mm 12 AWG to 10 AWG Ground Terminal Tin plated crimp r...

Page 65: ...to 66 V DC 88 V AC DC Range 88 V to 265 V DC 68 V to 265 V AC Maximum AC DC current for operation 3 5 mA Pick Up Delay User selectable 0 to 600 s up to 10 min Drop Off Delay User selectable 0 to 600 s up to 10 min Table 1 8 Binary Outputs Number 2 1 NO contact and 1 C O contact or 4 2 NO contact and 2 C O contact Operating Voltage Potential free Operating Mode User selectable BO 1 and BO 2 Self or...

Page 66: ...rical connection USB Type B Protocol Support Modbus RTU IEC 60870 5 103 Table 1 10 Rear Communication Port Quantity 1 Optional Electrical connection RS485 2 wire electrical twisted pair Protocol Support Modbus RTU IEC 60870 5 103 Rate Data Transfer rate 1200 bps to 57600 bps Table 1 11 Data Storage Fault Record 10 records Events 100 events 1 ms resolution ...

Page 67: ... to 150 Hz Sweep rate 1 octave min Shock and Bump IEC 60255 21 2 1 Shock response Class I Peak Acceleration 5 gn X Y Z axis 3 per direction Total number of shocks 18 2 Shock withstand Class I Peak Acceleration 15 gn X Y Z axis 3 per direction Total number of shocks 18 3 Bump Class 1 Peak Acceleration 10 gn X Y Z axis 1000 per direction Total number of Bumps 6000 Seismic IEC 60255 21 3 1 In single ...

Page 68: ...rential mode Test voltage 1 0 kV peak voltage Test duration 2 s Source impedance 200 Ω Voltage oscillation frequency 1 MHz Repetition frequency 400 Hz Electrostatic Discharge IEC 60255 26 8 kV air discharge 6 kV contact discharge Electrical Fast Transient or Burst IEC 60255 26 Zone B Test severity Amplitude 2 kV Repetition frequency 5 kHz Surge Immunity IEC 60255 26 Test Level Zone A Line to Line ...

Page 69: ... Additional 50 ms DTL pick up delay applied to binary inputs NOTE All aspect of IEC 60255 5 have been covered under IEC 60255 27 NOTE Flag output and Pulse output are excluded between any terminals and earth NOTE Not applicable for Flag output and Pulse output Table 1 14 Auxiliary Supply Variation 60 240 V AC DC Variant Type Test Reference Parameters Declared Operation AC Voltage Dips RV 230 V AC ...

Page 70: ...st Reference Requirement Ambient Operating Temperature IEC 60068 2 1 IEC 60068 2 2 IEC 60255 1 10 C to 60 C Permissible Temporary Operating Temperature Tested for 16 h IEC 60068 2 1 IEC 60068 2 2 IEC 60255 1 40 C LCD display operating range 20 C to 70 C Permissible Temporary Operating Temperature Tested for 96 h IEC 60068 2 1 IEC 60068 2 2 IEC 60255 1 20 C to 70 C Storage Temperature Non operation...

Page 71: ... AC Dielectric Voltage IEC EN 60255 27 Edition 2 2013 10 Test voltage AC 2 0 kV After test the relay should be operative Reinforced Insulation with communication circuit Test frequency 50 Hz Test duration 1 min Insulation Resistance IEC EN 60255 27 Edition 2 2013 10 Test voltage 500 V DC 100 Mohm Test duration 5 s Protective Bonding Resistance IEC EN 60255 27 Edition 2 2013 10 Test voltage 12 V AC...

Page 72: ...le 1 17 Real Time Digital Simulation Test RTDS Trip Response at different fault currents Fault current 1 1 2 3 5 10 times of set value Influence on Accuracy Influence of DC components DC content at first peak 100 Decay time 25 ms 50 ms 100 ms Immunity to inrush current 2nd harmonic content up to 28 Relay behaviour at primary CT saturation Fault currents 10 A 20 A 40 A Trip response at recurring fa...

Page 73: ...ms 15 ms Operate time delay Tbasic Td 1 or 30 ms Inhibited by Binary Input Disengaging time 50 ms NOTE With auxiliary power supply Table 1 20 51 Time Delayed OC EF Operation Non directional Elements Phase Derived Earth Measured Earth Setting Range Is 51 0 2 0 21 2 0xIn Setting Range Is 51G 0 06 0 07 0 8xIn Setting Range Is 51N 0 10 0 11 0 8xIn Time Multiplier 0 01 0 02 10 Time Delay DTL 0 00 0 01 ...

Page 74: ...ction Devices Limited Chapter 3 Page 14 of 14 Table 1 21 50LC SOTF Switch On To Fault Setting range 1 2 20xIn Operate level 100 Is 5 Disengaging time 50 ms For more information about 50LC SOTF refer to Chapter 1 7SR45 Description of Operation Switch On To Fault ...

Page 75: ...e 1 of 20 7SR45 Data Communication Definitions Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 76: ...efinitions 8 4 1 Introduction 8 4 2 Cause of Transmission 8 4 2 1 Application Service Data Unit ASDU Type 8 4 2 2 Point List 8 4 3 Event Function FUN Information INF Numbers 9 4 4 Measurands 11 Section 5 Modbus Definitions 12 5 1 INTRODUCTION 12 5 2 MODBUS Register Data Types 12 5 2 1 FLOAT_IEEE_754 12 5 2 2 FP_32BITS_3DP 12 5 2 3 UINT32 12 5 2 4 UINT16 13 5 2 5 EVENT 13 5 2 6 EVENTCOUNT 14 5 2 7 ...

Page 77: ...DBUS RTU Reydisp Evolution Software is available for computers running Microsoft Windows to connect to devices to provide operational information post fault analysis setting interrogation and editing facilities etc The configuration software can be downloaded from our website https w3 siemens com smartgrid global en products systems solutions downloads Pages Reyrolle Downloads aspx This section sp...

Page 78: ...USB cable with a type B connection to the relay and type A to the PC The PC will require a suitable USB driver to be installed this will be carried out automatically when the Reydisp software is installed When the Reydisp software is running with the USB cable connected to a device an additional connection is shown Connections to these devices are not shown when they are not connected The USB comm...

Page 79: ...nt state and no communication is taking place the A terminal is more positive than B This can be used to identify the polarity of any equipment to be connected typically measured at each terminal in turn to ground Connection of the device to a termination network at the end of the bus will also be to suit the quiescent state as shown in the diagram below The polarity marking is often found to be r...

Page 80: ...he master device RS485 Parity NONE ODD EVEN NONE The parity set on all of the relays connected to the control system must be the same and in accordance with the master device RS485 Mode Local Local or Remote Remote Local or Remote Ext Wire loop to Include line terminating Res To Control System RS485 Screened twisted pair Rear terminals RS485 Screened twisted pair Rear terminals 1 2 3 4 B Term A GN...

Page 81: ...he start bit Parity Method of error checking by counting the value of the bits in a sequence and adding a parity bit to make the outcome for example even Parity Bit Bit used for implementing parity checking Sent after the data bits RS485 Serial Communications Standard Electronic Industries Association Recommended Standard Number 485 Start Bit Bit logical 0 sent to signify the start of a byte durin...

Page 82: ...nable communication This can be set by the Communications Menu xxxxx Stn Addr setting 4 2 Cause of Transmission The cause of transmission COT column of the Information Number and Function table lists possible causes of transmission for these frames The following abbreviations are used Abbreviation Description SE spontaneous event GI general interrogation Loc local operation Rem remote operation Ac...

Page 83: ...al Alarm 1 1 SE GI 60 171 General Alarm 2 1 SE GI 60 172 General Alarm 3 1 SE GI 60 173 General Alarm 4 1 SE GI 60 4 Remote Mode 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 60 5 Service Mode 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 60 6 Local Mode 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 60 7 Local Remote Mode 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 80 1 Binary Output 1 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 80 2 Binary Output 2 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 80 3 Binary Output 3 1 SE GI 20 Ack Nak 80 4 Binary Output...

Page 84: ...160 84 General Start Pick Up 2 SE GI 160 90 Trip I 2 SE 160 91 Trip I 2 SE 160 92 Trip In 2 SE 160 93 Trip In 2 SE 183 0 Data lost 1 SE 183 10 51 1 2 SE GI 183 11 50 1 2 SE GI 183 12 51N 1 2 SE GI 183 13 50N 1 2 SE GI 183 14 51G 1 2 SE GI 183 15 50G 1 2 SE GI 183 17 50 2 2 SE GI 183 19 50N 2 2 SE GI 183 21 50G 2 2 SE GI 183 225 50 LC 2 SE GI 183 239 In Fault Current 4 SE 183 240 Ia Fault Current 4...

Page 85: ...elay needs to be provided by the IEC103 master for response to another query 7SR45 Argus Relay follows the below equation for satisfying the silent interval time tdelay required 11 x 3 5 b Where 11 bits b baud rate in bps tdelay for 7SR45 tdelay required 10 ms tolerance Data transmission tp tv rdis tn ts TXD RTS tp Pause time pause before RTS ON tv Setup time transmission delay after RTS ON tn Hol...

Page 86: ...xponent Mantissa 5 2 2 FP_32BITS_3DP The FP_32BITS_3DP is a 32 bit integer fixed point value containing 3 decimal places of information It is used to send a real value to 3 decimal places as an integer For example if the value in a device is 123 456 it will be sent as 123456 As it is an integer negative numbers are sent as 2 s complement FP_32BITS_3DP MODBUS In this MODBUS implementation the 32 bi...

Page 87: ...s therefore a private method has been defined based on that defined by IEC60870 5 103 The EVENT register contains the earliest event record available The event record is 8 registers 16bytes of information whose format is described below When this record has been read it will be replaced by the next available record Event records must be read completely therefore the quantity value must be set to 8...

Page 88: ... 0 ms L ms H Mi Ho Event Type 1 Format Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Content 1 0 FUN INF DPI RT L RT H F L F H 0 0 0 ms L ms H Mi Ho Event Type 2 Format Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Content 1 0 FUN INF Meas 0 0 0 0 ms L ms H Mi Ho Event Type 4 Format 5 2 6 EVENTCOUNT The EVENTCOUNT register contains the current number of events in the relay s event buffer On reception th...

Page 89: ...BUS implementation the 16 bit value is stored in a 16 bit register in Big Endian format As an example assume bits 1 3 9 and 12 are set The binary representation of this would be 00001001000001012 giving a hex representation of 0905h Assume this is stored in the register 30001 it would look as follows Address Value 30001 0905 On reception this register should be interpreted as a 16 bit integer 5 2 ...

Page 90: ...tarter 10114 C Starter 10115 General Starter 10119 Start Pick Up N 10122 51 1 10123 50 1 10124 51N 1 10125 50N 1 10126 51G 1 10127 50G 1 10129 50 2 10131 50N 2 10133 50G 2 10290 General Alarm 1 10291 General Alarm 2 10292 General Alarm 3 10293 General Alarm 4 10372 50 LC 10390 Trip PhA 10391 Trip PhB 10392 Trip PhC 10601 LED 1 10602 LED 2 10603 LED 3 10604 LED 4 10605 LED 5 10606 LED 6 10607 LED 7...

Page 91: ...cords UINT16 1 Event Records 30301 Ia Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 Ia Fault 30303 Ib Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 Ib Fault 30305 Ic Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 Ic Fault 30313 In Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 In Fault 30315 Ig Last Trip FP_32BITS_3DP 1 Ig Fault 30341 LED1 n BITSTRING 0 LED 1 16 status 30343 INP1 n BITSTRING 0 Input 1 16 status 30345 OUT1 n BITSTRING 0 Output 1 16 status 30600 Device on battery...

Page 92: ...Modbus RTU master for response to another query 7SR45 Argus Relay follows the below equation for satisfying the silent interval time tdelay required 11 x 3 5 b Where 11 bits b baud rate in bps tdelay for 7SR45 tdelay required 10 ms tolerance Data transmission tp tv rdis tn ts TXD RTS tp Pause time pause before RTS ON tv Setup time transmission delay after RTS ON tn Hold Time pause time after sendi...

Page 93: ...ether a function is Enabled or Disabled in each mode Function Operation Mode Local Remote Out of Service Control Com1 When Com1 Mode Local When Com1 Mode Remote Com2 USB When Com1 Mode 2 Local When Com2 Mode Remote Binary Input n When BI n Mode Local When BI n Mode Remote Binary Outputs Reporting Spontaneous IEC General Interrogation IEC MODBUS Change Settings Com1 When Com1 Mode Local When Com1 M...

Page 94: ... goes from the sleep mode to wake up mode Restart The restart event is raised whenever the expected restart or unexpected restart or cold start occurs The restart event is also raised Expected Restart The expected event is raised when an expected restart occurs Unexpected Restart The unexpected restart event is raised when an unexpected restart occurs Also both the expected and unexpected restart ...

Page 95: ...e 1 of 12 7SR45 Installation Guide Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 96: ...er 5 Figure 1 6 Removing the Damaged Battery 5 Figure 1 7 Removing the Damaged Battery 6 Figure 1 8 Placing the Battery Cover 6 Figure 1 9 Removing the Battery Cover 7 Figure 1 10 Flipping the Battery Cover 7 Figure 1 11 Removal of Paper Strip 8 Figure 1 12 Placing the Battery Cover 8 Figure 1 13 7SR45 Argus Relay for RMU Application 9 Figure 1 14 7SR45 Self Powered Relay for RMU Application 9 Fig...

Page 97: ...for more details about the terminal connector diagram Refer the Table 1 1 for the recommended terminal lugs to be used 6 The earthing cable should be wired using a non stranded cable of 2 5 mm 2 4 mm 2 and this should be terminated in the shortest possible path to the earth terminal bus bar in panel or cubicle 7 Maintain a minimum clearance from the relay as given in Figure 1 1 to ensure safety an...

Page 98: ...imp ring terminal M3 5 Stud size 2 6 mm to 6 6 mm 12 AWG TE Connectivity Mfr Part No 2 327960 1 or equivalent Auxiliary Supply Insulated tin plated crimp pin connector 2 6 mm to 6 6 mm 12 AWG to 10 AWG End sleeve 3D 8011H or equivalent Rear Communication Port Pin type lug 1 5 mm 2 control cable End sleeve 3D 8011H or equivalent Front Communication Port USB Type B Tyco 974329 1 or equivalent Binary...

Page 99: ... Battery You can replace the 7SR45 Argus Relay battery when it is damaged or exhausted To replace the battery follow the procedure 1 Remove the 7SR45 Argus Relay battery cover Figure 1 5 Removing the Battery Cover 2 Remove the damaged or exhausted battery from the battery clip Figure 1 6 Removing the Damaged Battery ...

Page 100: ... 1 8 Placing the Battery Cover 5 After the replacement of a new battery and in the absence of auxiliary power phase current low input current and without USB connection test the relay by pressing BAT ON OFF key to confirm the relay functionality CAUTION Risk of fire if the battery is replaced with incorrect type or polarity Dispose of used batteries according to instructions NOTE Its is recommende...

Page 101: ...2 1 3 Post Installation and Commissioning Execute the following procedure after installation and commissioning of the 7SR45 Argus Relay 1 Open the 7SR45 Argus Relay battery cover Figure 1 9 Removing the Battery Cover 2 Flip the 7SR45 Argus Relay battery cover Figure 1 10 Flipping the Battery Cover ...

Page 102: ...evices Limited Chapter 5 Page 8 of 12 3 To start the 7SR45 Argus Relay remove the paper strip between the battery clip and battery Figure 1 11 Removal of Paper Strip 6 Fit the battery cover again and screw it to the housing Figure 1 12 Placing the Battery Cover ...

Page 103: ...t present and Binary input is possible IL1 IL2 IL3 24 V to 60 V DC 60 V to 240 V DC AC Standard release BO L N IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 Battery 7SR45 Figure 1 13 7SR45 Argus Relay for RMU Application 7SR45 Self Powered Relay for RMU Application 1 CT circuits shown are connected to 1 A or 5 A of 7SR45 Argus relay 2 CT and Earth connections are typical only 3 Measures the phase current and earth current of t...

Page 104: ...o 1 A or 5 A of 7SR45 Argus relay 2 CT and Earth connections are typical only 3 Measures the phase current and earth current of the Primary CT only 4 Application shows the use of 50 51 50N 51N 50LC 50G 51G protection functions 5 Remote trip via binary input is possible IL1 IL2 IL3 24 V DC 0 1 Ws IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 7SR45 PO ve ve IL1 IL2 IL3 N Distribution Transformer Figure 1 15 7SR45 Self Powered Re...

Page 105: ... of 7SR45 Argus relay 2 CT and Earth connections are typical only 3 Measures the phase current and earth current of the Primary CT only 4 Application shows the use of 50 51 50N 51N 50LC 50G 51G protection functions 5 Remote trip via binary input is possible IL1 IL2 IL3 24 V DC 0 1 Ws IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 7SR45 PO ve ve IL1 IL2 IL3 N Distribution Transformer L N 230 V AC Low Voltage Figure 1 16 7SR45 Ar...

Page 106: ...inary input is possible IL1 IL2 IL3 24 V to 60 V DC 60 V to 240 V DC AC Standard release BO L N IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 Battery 7SR45 Figure 1 17 7SR45 Argus Relay with Phase and CBCT Measurement Application 7SR45 Argus Relay with Earth Fault Application 1 CT circuits shown are connected to 1 A or 5 A of 7SR45 Argus Relay 2 CT and Earth connections are typical only 3 Measures the earth current of the Prim...

Page 107: ...e 1 of 3 7SR45 Commissioning and Maintenance Guide Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 108: ...Chapter 6 7SR45 Commissioning and Maintenance Guide 2018 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 6 Page 2 of 3 Contents Section 1 Commissioning and Maintenance Guide 3 1 1 Troubleshooting 3 ...

Page 109: ...ion Healthy and Trip Ready LED OFF LCD not displaying 1 In the absence of auxiliary voltage check the minimum phase currents 2 Check the error messages and the error codes in the Instrument Mode Cannot communicate with the relay and Reydisp evolution Check the communication cable is connected properly Check that the USB driver is installed correctly In Reydisp Evolution verify that Do NOT Check Co...

Page 110: ...e 1 of 10 7SR45 Applications Guide Document Release History This document is issue 2018 06 The list of revisions up to and including this issue is 2018 06 Seventh Issue 2018 04 Sixth Issue 2017 08 Fifth Issue 2017 01 Fourth Issue 2016 10 Third Issue 2016 09 Second Issue 2015 08 First Issue ...

Page 111: ...Selection of Overcurrent Characteristics 8 1 2 1 Reset Delay 9 1 3 Instantaneous Overcurrent 50 50G 50N 10 List of Figures Figure 1 1 Burden of the Relay for Different Currents 5 Figure 1 2 IEC NI Curve with Time Multiplier and Follower DTL Applied 7 Figure 1 3 IEC NI Curve with Minimum Operate Time Setting Applied 8 Figure 1 4 Reset Delay 9 Figure 1 5 General Form of DTL Operate Characteristic 10...

Page 112: ... expression EALF ALF Isr Rct Rbn Where ALF Accuracy Limiting Factor Isr Rated Secondary current of CT A Rct CT Winding resistance Ω Rbn Rated Burden of CT Ω If the secondary limiting excitation voltage EALF calculated exceeds the knee point voltage of the connected CT the CT may get saturated To select a proper CT the accuracy limit factor ALF at a given burden needs to be considered The ALF needs...

Page 113: ...Chapter 7 7SR45 Applications Guide 2018 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 4 of 10 ...

Page 114: ...Chapter 7 7SR45 Applications Guide 2018 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Chapter 7 Page 5 of 10 Figure 1 1 Burden of the Relay for Different Currents ...

Page 115: ...5 2 5 Rb 0 49 at 20 A Refer to Impedance graphs for current 1A Nominal current In 1A ALF 6 6 The typical accuracy limit factor would be ALF 10 The calculation shown above is an example To select an appropriate CT similar calculation needs to be done with the actual parameters Recommended CTs Considering the CTs are connected to 7SR45 Argus Relay only and the distance between CTs and 7SR45 Argus Re...

Page 116: ...r tripping times are inversely proportional to the Fault Current being measured This makes them particularly suitable to grading studies where it is important that only the Relay s closest to the fault operate Discrimination can be achieved with minimised operating times To optimise the grading capability of the relay additional time multiplier Follower DTL Fig 1 2 or Minimum Operate Time Fig 1 3 ...

Page 117: ... the system uses high values of earthing resistor reactance and the fault current detected in the phase conductors will be limited 1 2 Selection of Overcurrent Characteristics The characteristic curve shape is selected to be the same type as the other relays on the same circuit or to grade with items of plant e g fuses or earthing resistors The application of IDMTL characteristic is summarised in ...

Page 118: ...cuit if the reset time of the relay is longer than the time between successive faults To mimic an electromechanical relay the relay can be user programmed for an IEC ANSI DECAYING characteristic when an ANSI operate characteristic is applied Alternatively a DTL reset 0 to 60 seconds can be used with other operate characteristics For protection of cable feeders it is recommended that a 60 s DTL res...

Page 119: ...eous elements can be used in current graded schemes where there is a significant difference between the fault current levels at different relay point The Instantaneous element is set to pick up at a current level above the maximum Fault Current level at the next downstream relay location and below its own minimum fault current level The protection is set to operate instantaneously and is often ter...

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