42
Foreign Sounds
KH
as in
Bach
|
bä
KH
|
A fricative consonant pronounced with the tongue in the same position as for
|
k
|, as in German
Buch and ich, or Scottish loch.
N
as in
en route
|
ä
N
"
roo
- t
|,
Rodin
|
ro-
"
dæ
N
|
The |
N
| does not represent a consonant; it indicates that the preceding vowel
is nasalized, as in French
bon (bon voyage) and en (en route).
œ
as in
hors d’oeuvre
|
ôr
"
dœvr
@
|,
Goethe
|
"
gœt
@
|
A vowel made by rounding the lips as with |
ô
| while saying |
e
| or |
a-
|, as in
French
boeuf and feu, or German Hölle and Höhle.
Y
as in
Lully
|
l
Y
"
le-
|,
Utrecht
|
"
Y
%
tre
KH
t
|
A vowel made by rounding the lips as with |
oo
˘
| or |
oo
-
| while saying |
i
| or |
e-
|,
as in French
rue or German fühlen.
Stress Marks
Stress (or ‘accent’) is represented by marks placed before the affected syllable. The
primary stress mark is a short, raised vertical line |
"
| which signifies that the
heaviest emphasis should be placed on the following syllable. The secondary stress
mark is a short, lowered vertical line |
%
| which signifies a somewhat weaker
emphasis than on the syllable with primary stress.
Variant Pronunciations
There are several ways in which variant pronunciations are indicated in the
respellings.
Some respellings show a pronunciation symbol within parentheses to indicate a
possible variation in pronunciation; for example, in
sandwich
|
"
sæn(d)wi
CH
|
sometimes the |
d
| is pronounced, while at other times it is not.
Variant pronunciations may be respelled in full, separated by semicolons. The more
common pronunciation is listed first, if this can be determined, but many variants
are so common and widespread as to be of equal status.
Variant pronunciations may be indicated by respelling only the part of the word that
changes. A hyphen will replace the part of the pronunciation that has remained the
same. These ‘cutback’ respellings will occur primarily in three areas:
a) where the headword has a variant pronunciation:
quasiparticle
|
%
kwa-z
l
-"
pärt-
@
k
@
l|; |
%
kwäze--
|
b) in derivative forms:
dangle
|
"
dæ
NG
g
@
l
|
dangler
|
-gl
@
r
|
dangly
|
-gle-
|
Note: Cutbacks in derivatives always refer back to the headword respelling, not the
preceding derivative.
c) at irregular plurals:
parenthesis
|
p
@"
ren
TH
@
sis
|
parentheses
|
-
%
se-z
|
Note: A hyphen sometimes serves to separate syllables where the respelling might
otherwise look confusing, as at
reinforce
|
%
re--in
"
fôrs
|.
