Reference Manual
00809-0100-4148, Rev BA
July 2010
2-7
Rosemount 148
Sensor Lead Wire Resistance Effect - RTD Input
When using a 4-wire RTD, the effect of lead resistance is eliminated and
has no impact on accuracy. However, a 3-wire sensor will not fully cancel
lead resistance error because it cannot compensate for imbalances in
resistance between the lead wires. Using the same type of wire on all
three lead wires will make a 3-wire RTD installation as accurate as
possible. A 2-wire sensor will produce the largest error because it directly
adds the lead wire resistance to the sensor resistance. For 2- and 3-wire
RTDs, an additional lead wire resistance error is induced with ambient
temperature variations. The table and the examples shown below help
quantify these errors.
Table 2-1. Examples of
Approximate Basic Error
.
Examples of Approximate Lead Wire Resistance Effect Calculations
Given:
• Pt100 4-wire RTD: No lead wire resistance effect.
• Pt100 3-wire RTD:
Lead wire imbalance seen by the transmitter = 0.5
• Pt100 2-wire RTD:
Sensor Input
Approximate Basic Error
4-wire RTD
None (independent of lead wire resistance)
3-wire RTD
± 1.0
in reading per ohm of unbalanced lead wire resistance
(Unbalanced lead wire resistance = maximum imbalance between
any two leads.)
2-wire RTD
1.0
in reading per ohm of lead wire resistance
Total cable length:
150 m
Imbalance of the lead wires at 20 °C:
0.5
Resistance/length (18 AWG Cu):
0.025
/m °C
Temperature coefficient of Cu (
Cu
):
0.039
/
°C
Temperature coefficient of Pt(
Pt
):
0.00385
/
°C
Change in Ambient Temperature (
T
amb
):
25 °C
RTD Resistance at 0 °C (R
o
):
100
(for Pt 100 RTD)
Basic Error
Imbalance of Lead Wires
Pt
R
o
------------------------------------------------------------------
=
Error due to amb. temp. variation
Cu
T
amb
Imbalance of Lead Wires
Pt
R
o
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
Basic error
0.5
0.00385
/
C
100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3
C
=
=
Error due to amb. temp. var. of
25 °C
0.0039
/
C
25
C
0.5
0.00385
/
C
100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.13
·
C
=
=
Basic Error
Lead Wire Resistance
Pt
R
o
----------------------------------------------------------
=
Error due to amb. temp. variation
Cu
T
amb
Lead Wire Resistance
Pt
R
o
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=