RME Audio HDSPe MADI User Manual Download Page 61 | Manualshive

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User's Guide HDSPe MADI

© RME

61

Examples for sending MIDI strings*:

- Set input 1 to 0 dB: B0 66 40
- Set input 17 to maximum attenuation: B1 66 0
- Set playback 1 to maximum: B4 66 7F
- Set Output 16 to 0 dB: B8 75 40

*Note: Sending MIDI strings requires the use of programmer's logic for the MIDI channel, start-
ing with 0 for channel 1 and ending with 15 for channel 16.

28.6 Loopback Detection

The Mackie Control protocol requires feedback of the received commands, back to the hard-
ware controller. So usually TotalMix will be set up with both a MIDI input and MIDI output. Un-
fortunately any small error in wiring and setup will cause a MIDI feedback loop here, which then
completely blocks the computer (the CPU).

To prevent the computer from freezing, TotalMix sends a special MIDI note every 0.5 seconds
to its MIDI output. As soon as it detects this special note at the input, the MIDI functionality is
disabled. After fixing the loopback, check

Enable MIDI Control

under Options to reactivate the

TotalMix MIDI.

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Summary of Contents for HDSPe MADI

Page 1: ...SPe MADI PCI Express Digital I O Card 64 Channels MADI Interface 24 Bit 192 kHz Digital Audio Stereo Analog Monitoring 128 x 64 Matrix Router 2 x MIDI I O MIDI embedded in MADI TotalMix 24 Bit 192 kHz 9 SyncAlign ZLM SyncCheck SteadyClock ...

Page 2: ...and Firmware 10 1 Driver Installation 12 10 2 Driver Update 12 10 3 De Installing the Drivers 12 10 4 Firmware Update 13 11 Configuring the HDSPe MADI 11 1 Settings Dialog 14 11 2 Settings Dialog Pitch 16 11 3 Clock Modes Synchronization 17 12 Operation and Usage 12 1 Playback 18 12 2 DVD Playback AC 3 DTS 19 12 3 Notes on WDM 20 12 4 Multi client Operation 20 12 5 Digital Recording 21 13 Operatio...

Page 3: ...ystem 31 21 DIGICheck Mac 32 22 Hotline Troubleshooting 32 Connections and TotalMix 23 Connections 23 1 Headphones 34 23 2 MADI I Os 34 23 3 MIDI 35 24 Word Clock 24 1 Word Clock Input and Output 35 24 2 Technical Description and Background 36 24 3 Cables and Termination 37 24 4 General Operation 38 25 TotalMix Routing and Monitoring 25 1 Overview 39 25 2 The User Interface 40 25 3 Elements of a C...

Page 4: ...ecording a Subgroup Loopback 55 27 6 Using external Effects Devices 56 27 7 MS Processing 57 28 TotalMix MIDI Remote Control 28 1 Overview 58 28 2 Mapping 58 28 3 Setup 59 28 4 Operation 59 28 5 Simple MIDI Control 60 28 6 Loopback Detection 61 Technical Reference 29 Technical Specifications 29 1 Inputs 64 29 2 Outputs 64 29 3 Digital 65 29 4 MIDI 65 30 Technical Background 30 1 MADI Basics 66 30 ...

Page 5: ...User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME 5 User s Guide HDSPe MADI General ...

Page 6: ...uick Info guide RME Driver CD MIDI breakout cable Expansion Board ribbon cable 14 conductor 3 System Requirements Windows XP or up Mac OS X Intel 10 5 or up PCI Express Interface a free PCI Express slot 1 lane version 1 1 4 Brief Description and Characteristics All settings can be changed in real time 8 available buffer sizes latencies 0 7 1 5 3 6 12 23 46 93 ms 32 channels 96 kHz 24 bit record pl...

Page 7: ...ss and fasten the screw 6 Insert the Expansion Board and fasten the screw 7 Replace the computer s housing 8 Reconnect all cables including the power cord 6 Hardware Connectors 6 1 External Connectors The bracket of the main board has two MADI inter faces optical and coaxial input and output each a MADI error LED and the analog stereo output Identical signals are avail able at both the optical and...

Page 8: ...ription BOHDSP9652 MIDI breakout cable VKHDSP9652 14 conductor flat ribbon cable ONK0100 MADI Optical Network Cable 3 3 ft 1 m ONKD0300 MADI Optical Network Cable 10 ft 3 m ONKD0600 MADI Optical Network Cable 20 ft 6 m ONKD1000 MADI Optical Network Cable 33 ft 10 m ONKD2000 MADI Optical Network Cable 66 ft 20 m ONKD5000 MADI Optical Network Cable 165 ft 50 m 8 Warranty Each individual HDSPe underg...

Page 9: ...IGI96 SyncAlign ZLM SyncCheck and TotalMix are trademarks of RME Intelligent Audio Solutions Alesis and ADAT are registered trademarks of Alesis Corp ADAT optical is a trademark of Alesis Corp Microsoft Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista and Windows 7 are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corp Steinberg Cubase and VST are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH...

Page 10: ... to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help RoHS This product has been soldered lead free and fulfils...

Page 11: ...User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME 11 User s Guide HDSPe MADI Driver Installation and Operation Windows ...

Page 12: ...n the device and select Update Driver Software from the context menu The dialog Update Driver Software appears Now follow the instructions given below 10 2 Driver Update When facing problems with the automatic driver update the user driven way of driver installa tion will work Under Control Panel System Device Manager Sound Video and Game Controllers RME Hammerfall DSP MADI Properties Driver you l...

Page 13: ...hen the flash process is finished The bar moves slowly first program then faster verify If more than one interface card is installed all cards can be flashed by changing to the next tab and repeating the process After the update the PCI Express card needs to be reset This is done by powering down and shutting off the PC A warm boot is not enough When the update fails status failure the card s seco...

Page 14: ...ialog are applied immediately confirmation e g by clicking on OK or exiting the dialog is not required However settings should not be changed during playback or record if it can be avoided as this can cause unwanted noises Also please note that even in Stop mode several programs keep the recording and playback devices open which means that any new settings might not be applied immediately The stat...

Page 15: ...n from the MADI input signal Auto activates redundancy operation If the current input signal fails the other input will be used immediately provided a valid signal is found there Input also works as automatic input selec tion in case only optical or coaxial is present as input signal MADI Out Defines the format of the MADI output signal MADI can be a 56 or 64 channel signal 88 2 96 kHz Sample rate...

Page 16: ... freely change the basic sample rate in steps of 1 Hz over a range of 5 The Pitch function requires the HDSPe MADI to be in clock mode Master The frequency setting will only be applied to this one specific card Changing the sample rate during record playback often results in a loss of audio or brings up warning messages of the audio software Therefore the desired sample rate should be set at least...

Page 17: ...ates whether there is a valid signal Lock No Lock for each input Word MADI TCO Sync In or if there is a valid and synchronous signal Sync In the field Clock Mode the clock reference is shown See chapter 32 1 Via Clock Source a preferred input can be defined As long as the card sees a valid signal there this input will be designated as the sync source otherwise the other inputs will be scanned in t...

Page 18: ... Sound Playback The screenshot to the right shows a typical configuration dialog as displayed by a stereo wave editor After selecting one of the 32 playback devices audio data is sent to the according audio chan nels Increasing the number and or size of audio buffers may prevent the audio signal from breaking up but also increases latency i e output is delayed For synchronized playback of audio an...

Page 19: ...r of the HDSPe MADI in XP Control Panel Sounds and Multimedia Audio and Use only default devices has to be checked Additionally the loudspeaker setup found under Volume Speaker Settings Ad vanced has to be changed from Stereo to 5 1 Surround Vista 7 Control Panel Sound Playback as Standard Additionally the loudspeaker setup found under Configuration has to be changed from Stereo to 5 1 Surround Po...

Page 20: ...le to use one stereo channel twice the basic and the interleaved one even with different applications Multi Channel using WDM The WDM Streaming device Loudspeaker MADI Out 1 2 of the RME driver can operate as usual stereo device or as up to 8 channel device An 8 channel playback using the Windows Media Player requires the speaker setup 7 1 Sur round Configure as follows XP Control Panel Sounds and...

Page 21: ...ent If no sample frequency is recognized it will read No Lock This way configuring any suitable audio application for digital recording is simple After selecting the correct input HDSPe MADI displays the current sample frequency This parameter can then be changed in the application s audio properties or similar dialog It often makes sense to monitor the input signal or send it directly to the outp...

Page 22: ...ify that these are not the reason for such effects Another common source of trouble is incorrect synchronization ASIO does not support asyn chronous operation which means that the input and output signals not only have to use the same sample frequency but also have to be in sync Devices connected to the HDSPe MADI must be properly configured for Full Duplex operation As long as SyncCheck in the Se...

Page 23: ...Peak level measurement RMS level measurement over detection phase correlation measure ment dynamic range and signal to noise ratios RMS to peak difference loudness long term peak measurement input check Oversampling mode for levels higher than 0 dBFS Vertical and horizontal mode Slow RMS and RLB weighting filter Supports visualization ac cording to the K system Hardware Level Meter for Input Playb...

Page 24: ...s tab The input signal cannot be monitored in real time ASIO Direct Monitoring has not been enabled and or monitoring has been disabled globally for example in TotalMix Playback works but record doesn t Check that there is a valid signal at the input If so the current sample frequency is dis played in the Settings dialog Check whether the HDSP system has been selected as recording device in the au...

Page 25: ...User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME 25 User s Guide HDSPe MADI Driver Installation and Operation Mac OS X ...

Page 26: ...ations Hammerfall DSP Mixer Applications Hammerfall DSP Settings Library Audio MIDI Drivers HDSP MADI MIDI plugin System Library Extensions HDSPMADI kext Users username Library Preferences Hammerfall DSP folder Users username Library Preferences com rme HDSPeMixer plist Users username Library Preferences com rme HDSPeSettings plist Library LaunchAgents de rme audio hdspAgent plist 17 3 Firmware Up...

Page 27: ... The About tab shows the current firmware and driver version Use the drop down menu Properties For to select the card to be configured Sample Rate Used to set the current sample rate This is the same setting as in the Audio MIDI Setup just added here for your convenience MADI Out Defines the format of the MADI output signal MADI can be a 56 or 64 channel signal 96 kHz Sample rates higher than 48 k...

Page 28: ... changes between the clock sources Word Clock MADI TCO and Sync In Input Status Displays the state of the current input signal Channel format 64 or 56 channels Frame format 48K or 96K Sample rate measured Active input optical or coaxial System Clock Shows the current clock state and sample rate of the HDSP system The system is either Mas ter using its own clock or Slave see AutoSync Ref SyncCheck ...

Page 29: ...ncy between 28 kHz and 200 kHz The HDSPe MADI s outstanding clock control allows for a synchronization of the output signal to the word clock s input signal not only at identical sample rates but also at half quarter dou ble and quad sample rates A playback of 96 kHz can easily be synchronized via a 48 kHz word clock signal SyncCheck If several digital devices are to be used simultaneously in a sy...

Page 30: ...device is greyed out and therefore inactive Mostly removing the greyed out device and searching for MIDI devices again will solve the problem The HDSP MIDI driver is a plugin During installation it will be copied to Library Audio MIDI Drivers Its name is HDSP MADI MIDI plugin The file can be displayed in the Finder and also be removed by simply dragging it to the trash bin 19 3 Supported Sample Ra...

Page 31: ...ency Use Speaker Setup to freely configure the playback to all available channels Even multichan nel playback Surround DVD Player can be set up this way 20 Using more than one HDSPe System OS X supports the usage of more than one audio device within an audio software This is done via the Core Audio function Aggregate Devices which allows to combine several devices into one The current driver suppo...

Page 32: ...ound Level Meter with extended correlation analysis ITU weighting and ITU summing meter ITU1770 EBU R128 Meter For standardized loudness measurements Bit Statistics Noise Shows the true resolution of audio signals as well as errors and DC offset Includes Signal to Noise measurement in dB and dBA plus DC measurement Completely multi client Open as many measurement windows as you like on any chan ne...

Page 33: ...User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME 33 User s Guide HDSPe MADI Connections and TotalMix ...

Page 34: ... adapter TRS plug to RCA phono plugs or TRS plug to TS plugs is re quired The pin assignment follows international standards The left channel is connected to the tip the right channel to the ring of the TRS jack plug 23 2 MADI I Os The BNC input s ground free design is built according to AES10 1991 The input impedance is 75 Ohm It will operate error free from about 180 mVpp on The optical input an...

Page 35: ... the green LED is lit and the Settings dialog shows either Lock or Sync see chapter 30 2 Thanks to RME s Signal Adaptation Circuit the word clock input still works correctly even with heavily mis shaped dc prone too small or overshoot prone signals Thanks to automatic signal centering 300 mV 0 3V input level is sufficient in principle An additional hysteresis reduces sensitivity to 1 0 V so that o...

Page 36: ...as clock reference In a digital studio synchronisation is maintained by connecting all devices to a central sync source For example the mixing desk works as master and sends a reference signal the word clock to all other devices Of course this will only work as long as all other devices are equipped with a word clock or sync input thus being able to work as slave some professional CD players indee...

Page 37: ...actory If the output breaks down to 3 Volts when terminating with 75 Ohms you have to take into account that a device of which the input only works from 2 8 Volts and above does not function correctly al ready after 3 meter cable length So it is not astonishing that because of the higher voltage word clock networks are in some cases more stable and reliable if cables are not terminated at all Idea...

Page 38: ...ut can be Single Double or Quad Speed the HDSP automatically adapts to it As soon as a valid signal is detected the green LED at the bracket is lit and the Settings dialog shows either Lock or Sync see chapter 30 2 In the status display AutoSync Ref the display changes to Word This message has the same function as the green Lock LED but appears on the monitor i e the user can check immediately whe...

Page 39: ...complete implementation of the ADM functions Integration of external devices Use TotalMix to insert external effects devices be it in the playback or in the record path Depending on the current application the functionality equals insert or effects send and effects return for example as used during real time monitoring when adding some reverb to the vocals Every single input channel playback chann...

Page 40: ...40 User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME ...

Page 41: ...ut channel can be routed and mixed to any hardware output bottom row Middle row Playback channels playback tracks of the audio software Via fader and routing field any playback channel can be routed and mixed to any hardware output third row Bottom row third row Hardware outputs Here the total level of the output can be adjusted This may be the level of connected loudspeakers or the necessity to r...

Page 42: ...ng the application for the first time a default file is loaded sending all playback tracks 1 1 to the corresponding hardware outputs with 0 dB gain and activating phones monitoring Hold down Ctrl and click on preset button 5 to make sure that factory preset 5 is loaded The faders in the top row are set to maximum attenuation called m a in the following so there is no monitoring of the input channe...

Page 43: ...en channels 7 and 8 The present pan value is also being displayed below the fader Please carry out the same steps for Out 2 now in order to route it to output 8 as well In short While editing the Submix 7 8 you have direct access to other submixes on other channels because their routing fields are set to different destinations And you get a direct view of how their faders and panoramas are set up ...

Page 44: ...adjusted accordingly and all fader settings remain stored The same is true for Quad Speed operation 192 kHz with 16 channels 25 5 Submix View Such a wide range of possibilities make it difficult to maintain the overview Because as shown practically all hardware outputs can be used for different Submixes up to 32 completely inde pendent stereo submixes 16 4 channel submixes etc And when opening the...

Page 45: ...ck and forth be tween a signal distribution complete input monitoring a stereo and mono mix and various submixes without any problem If any parameter is being altered after loading a preset e g moving a fader the preset display flashes in order to announce that something has been changed still showing which state the present mix is based on If no preset button is lit another preset had been loaded...

Page 46: ...l display set to RMS 3 dB View Submix active Note This preset is Default offering the standard functionality of a I O card Preset 2 Description All channels routed 1 1 input and playback monitoring As Preset 1 plus 1 1 pass through of all inputs Preset 3 Description All channels routed 1 1 no input and no playback monitoring All faders set to maximum attenuation Preset 4 Description All channels r...

Page 47: ...phone signal source defined in Preferences is sent to the three des tinations Monitor Phones described below The microphone level is adjusted with the channel s input fader Monitor Phones 1 2 3 Use the drop down menu to select the hardware outputs where the submixes are sent to These submixes are usually phones mixdowns for the musicians A click on the button allows for the monitoring of the speci...

Page 48: ...ives a much more stable loudness when moving an ob ject between left and right 25 11 Editing the Names The channel names shown in the grey label area can be edited A right mouse click on the grey name field brings up the dialog box Enter Name Any name can be entered in this dialog Enter Return closes the dialog box the grey label now shows the first letters of the new name ESC cancels the process ...

Page 49: ...ix also supports combinations of these keys If you press Ctrl and Alt at the same time clicking with the mouse makes the faders jump to 0 dB pairwise and they can be set pairwise by Shift Alt in fine mode Also very useful the faders have two mouse areas The first area is the fader button which can be grabbed at any place without changing the current position This avoids unwanted changes when click...

Page 50: ...5 Level Meter Text Color Colour adjustment for the Gain and Level meter text displays Default Hue 110 Saturation 225 Brightness 135 Preferences Opens a dialog box to configure several functions like Pan Law Dim Talkback Dim Listenback Dim See chapter 25 10 Enable MIDI Control Turns MIDI control on The channels which are currently under MIDI control are indicated by a colour change of the info fiel...

Page 51: ...ey 3 or 0 The latter is a point often overlooked but nonetheless important A RMS measurement shows 3 dB less for sine signals While this is mathematically correct it is not very reasonable for a level meter Therefore the RMS readout is usually corrected by 3 dB so that a full scale sine signal shows 0 dBFS on both Peak and RMS meters This setting also yields directly readable signal to noise value...

Page 52: ...ld Shows the current gain value as dB Orange gain field This routing is muted Blue field Phase 180 inverted To maintain overview when the window size has been reduced the left and upper labels are floating They won t leave the visible area when scrolling 26 3 Operation Using the Matrix is a breeze It is very easy to indentify the current crosspoint because the outer labels light up in orange accor...

Page 53: ...level setting You just need 2 seconds to be sure no unwanted routing is active anywhere and that all levels match precisely Example 2 The Matrix allows you to set up routings which would be nearly impossible to achieve by fiddling around with level and pan Let s say you want to send input 1 to output 1 at 0 dB to output 2 at 3 dB to output 3 at 6 dB and to output 4 at 9 dB Each time you set up the...

Page 54: ...en the menu Edit It shows Copy In 5 Now select the desired new input for example In 8 The menu now shows Paste In 5 to In 8 Click on it done If you are familiar with this functionality just use Ctrl C and Ctrl V Else the self updating menu will always let you know what actually will happen Tip Have the Matrix window open as second window when doing this It will show the new routings immediately so...

Page 55: ...ing channel is no longer sent to the recording software but still passed through to TotalMix Therefore TotalMix can be used to route this input signal to any hardware output Using the subgroup recording the input can still be recorded on a different channel As each of the 64 hardware outputs can be routed to the record software and none of these hardware inputs get lost TotalMix offers an overall ...

Page 56: ...and the panorama fully to the right Adjust the input level at the reverb unit to an optimal setting Next the output of the reverb unit is connected to a free stereo input for example 5 6 Use the TotalMix level meters to adjust a matching output level at the reverb unit Now click on channels 11 12 in the bottom row and move the fader of inputs 5 6 until the reverb effect gets a bit too loud in the ...

Page 57: ...e channel represents L R During record the monitoring needs to be done in conventional stereo As TotalMix can invert the phase it also offers the functionality of a M S decoder The menu Options includes a macro to simplify the setup First select the two input channels in the picture to the right MADI In 3 and 4 having the current routing destination MADI Out 1 2 Now the string MS Processing In 3 4...

Page 58: ...ace elements Element Meaning in TotalMix Channel faders 1 8 volume Master fader Main Monitor channel s faders SEL 1 8 DYNAMICS reset fader to Unity Gain V Pots 1 8 pan pressing V Pot knobs pan center CHANNEL LEFT or REWIND move one channel left CHANNEL RIGHT or FAST FORWARD move one channel right BANK LEFT or ARROW LEFT move eight channels left BANK RIGHT or ARROW RIGHT move eight channels right A...

Page 59: ...Support This option in Preferences F3 activates complete Mackie Control LCD support with eight channel names and eight volume pan values Attention this feature causes heavy traffic on the MIDI port when ganging more than 2 faders In such a case or when using the Behringer BCF2000 turn off this option When Full LC Display Support is turned off only a brief information about the first fader of the b...

Page 60: ...alkback 5E 94 A 6 Monitor Phones 1 3F 63 D 4 Monitor Phones 2 40 64 E 4 Monitor Phones 3 41 65 F 4 Preset 1 36 54 F 3 Preset 2 37 55 G 3 Preset 3 38 56 G 3 Preset 4 39 57 A 3 Preset 5 3A 58 A 3 Preset 6 3B 59 B 3 Preset 7 3C 60 C 4 Preset 8 3D 61 C 4 Note Switching off Mackie Protocol support in Preferences Mackie Control Options will also disable the above simple MIDI note commands as they are pa...

Page 61: ...rol protocol requires feedback of the received commands back to the hard ware controller So usually TotalMix will be set up with both a MIDI input and MIDI output Un fortunately any small error in wiring and setup will cause a MIDI feedback loop here which then completely blocks the computer the CPU To prevent the computer from freezing TotalMix sends a special MIDI note every 0 5 seconds to its M...

Page 62: ...62 User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME ...

Page 63: ...User s Guide HDSPe MADI RME 63 User s Guide HDSPe MADI Technical Reference ...

Page 64: ...zation even in varispeed operation Not effected by DC offsets within the network Signal Adaptation Circuit signal refresh through auto center and hysteresis Overvoltage protection Level range 1 0 Vss 5 6 Vpp Lock range 28 kHz 200 kHz Jitter when synced to input signal 1 ns Jitter suppression 30 dB 2 4 kHz 29 2 Outputs MADI Coaxial via BNC 75 Ohm according to AES10 1991 Output voltage 600 mVpp Cabl...

Page 65: ...rnal clocks about 30 dB 2 4 kHz Effective clock jitter influence on DA conversion near zero Provides nearly jitter free word clock directly from the MADI input signal Input PLL ensures zero dropout even at more than 100 ns jitter Supported sample rates 28 kHz up to 200 kHz Compliant with PCI Express Base Specification v1 1 1 Lane PCI Express Endpoint device no PCI Express to PCI Bridge 2 5 Gbps li...

Page 66: ...ced coaxial cables with 75 Ohms BNC plugs they are not expensive and easy to get The optical interface is much more interesting due to its complete galvanic separation but for many users it is a mystery because very few have ever dealt with huge cabinets full of professional network technology Therefore here are some explanations regarding MADI optical The cables used are standard in computer netw...

Page 67: ... it is Master too and thus slightly higher or lower than the HDSPe MADI internal sample rate Result When reading out the data there will frequently be read errors that cause clicks and drop outs Also when using multiple clock signals a simple LOCK is not sufficient The above described problem can be solved elegantly by setting the HDSPe MADI from Master to AutoSync its in ternal clock will then be...

Page 68: ...over sampling plus digital filtering in order to move the error prone analog filters away from the au dible frequency range as far as possible This typically generates a delay of one millisecond A playback and re record of the same signal via DA and AD loopback then causes an offset of the newly recorded track of about 2 ms Low Latency The HDSPe MADI uses a hi class DA converter from Cirrus Logic ...

Page 69: ...ilable that could receive or transmit more than 48 kHz Therefore a work around was used instead of two channels one AES line only carries one channel whose odd and even samples are being distributed to the former left and right channels By this you get the double amount of data i e also double sample rate Of course in order to transmit a stereo signal two AES EBU ports are necessary then This tran...

Page 70: ...channel requires two AES EBU lines stereo requires even four This transmission mode is being called Quad Wire in the professional studio world The AES3 specification does not mention Quad Wire With MADI sample multiplexing is used as well to offer sample rates higher than 96 kHz In fact technical reasons require to use this method beyond 96 kHz A 192K or 384K Frame for mat would not be fully compa...

Page 71: ...aripitch changes with phase accuracy and locks directly within a range of 25 kHz up to 200 kHz SteadyClock has originally been de veloped to gain a stable and clean clock from the heavily jittery MADI data signal The embedded MADI clock suffers from about 80 ns jitter caused by the time resolution of 125 MHz within the format Common jitter values for other devices are 5 ns while a very good clock ...

Page 72: ... mode When used with the ADAT format the term S MUX is commonly used Double Wire not only works with Single Speed signals but also with Double Speed As an ex ample Pro Tools HD whose AES receiver transmitter only worked up to 96 kHz used Double Wire to transmit 192 kHz Four channels of 96 kHz turn into two channels of 192 kHz Quad Wire Similar to Double Wire with samples of one channel spread acro...

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