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HN-291D

Troubleshooting

Overview

Introduction

Troubleshooting the HopNet products is not difficult, but it does require a logical
approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the base station because the rest of the
system synchronizes to it. If the base station has problems, the entire network will be
compromised.

Transceiver Requirements

For proper operation, all transceivers in the network must meet these basic
requirements:
Adequate and stable power
Secure connections (Power, RF, and Data)
Proper programming especially Hop Duration and Network Number

©

2000- 2004 Cirronet

™

Inc

43

M-0910-0002 Rev B

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Summary of Contents for HN 291D/X

Page 1: ...HN 291D X HN294D X RS 232 Serial Modbus Radio User s Guide ...

Page 2: ...ple co located intentional radiators transmitting the same information Any other mode of operation using this antenna is forbidden Notice to WIT910 users installers using the following fixed antennas Cushcraft 8 5 dBi Yagi The field strength radiated by this antenna when connected to a transmitting WIT910 may exceed FCC mandated RF exposure limits FCC rules require professional installation of the...

Page 3: ... 8 Remote Pin Out RS 232 9 Guidelines for Installation 10 Aiming the Antenna and Placing the Remote 10 Interconnect Cable 10 Configuring the Network 11 HopNet Configuration Wizard 5 0 or later 11 About the INIT INI File 13 Parameters Tab 14 RF Tools 23 WinCom Window 27 Function Keys 30 Recover 30 Restart 31 Saving Configurations 31 Modbus Operation 31 Automatic Addressing 32 Serial Commands 33 Net...

Page 4: ... Selecting Your Site 45 Guidelines for Avoiding Terrain Obstructions 46 Customer Support 47 Introduction 47 Technical Assistance 47 Factory Repairs 47 Technical Specifications 48 Electrical 48 Mechanical 49 Environmental 49 Glossary of Terms 50 Warranty 52 ...

Page 5: ...m and the effective receiver sensitivity to 106 dBm The HopNet DX has a TNC connector for attaching an antenna HopNet Benefits All HopNet 910 products work with each other and can be mixed and matched in a single network All HopNet 910 products are WIT910 compatible and can be used with WIT910 OEM based products as well as with the SNAP910 10 100BaseT serial to Ethernet access point Operating Freq...

Page 6: ... a lower current standby mode during transmission or receiving gaps This feature also allows HopNet products to be used in various countries where the output power requirements may vary due to regulation Advanced Features HopNet modems have many advanced features Employ frequency hopping technology with up to 54 channels in the 900MHz frequency range Support digital addressing for up to 32 network...

Page 7: ...roducts HN 291 HN 291X HN 291D HN 294 HN 294X HN 291DX HN 294D HN 294DX HN 591 SNAP910 SNAP910X SNAP910D SNAP910DX Accessories Antennas 2dB Omnidirectional 5dB Omnidirectional 6dB Yagi 9dB Yagi Replacement Serial Adapter Replacement Power Supply 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 3 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 8: ...number Change how fast the radios change frequencies Refer to the Configuring the Network section of this manual for details on these steps Install the HopNet Configuration Wizard on a PC The HopNet Configuration Wizard is located on the software and documentation CD included in the HopNet radio package Install the program by inserting the CD in the PC and following the installation wizard If auto...

Page 9: ...er box will turn on indicating power is present Set one HopNet radio to act as the Base When using HopNet radio one unit and only one must be set as the Base All other HopNet radios must be set as Remotes With a HopNet radio connected to the PC start the HopNet Configuration Wizard program by double clicking on the icon on the desktop The HopNet Configuration Wizard will automatically detect which...

Page 10: ...bottom left corner is the serial number of the radio inside the unit and is different from the serial number of the HopNet unit Both the HopNet unit serial number and the radio serial number are on the radio unit of the HopNet product To set the HopNet radio as a base click on the Base button The Base button will depress and the Remote button will pop up The screen heading will change from Remote ...

Page 11: ...e HopNet radio set up as the base will send the message This is a test message from the Base radio to the remote HopNet radio This message will be displayed in the message window of the Wizard running on the remote PC The remote HopNet radio will send the message This is a test message from the Remote radio to the base HopNet radio This message will be displayed in the message window of the Wizard...

Page 12: ...ata connector is set up as a DCE device This allows communication with a PC using the straight through serial cable provided with the HopNet radio The switch must be in the CONFIG position to run the HN Wizard RUN Mode When the RUN CONFIG switch is in the RUN position the HopNet radio data connector is set up as a DTE device The switch must be in the RUN position to operate with a PLC configured a...

Page 13: ... Sleep wakes radio transceiver 5 GND Signal and Chassis Ground 6 DSR Output Data Set Ready Response to DTR 7 RTS Input Request to Send Gates the flow of receive data from the radio to the user on or off In normal operation signal should be asserted 8 CTS Output Clear to Send Used to control transmit flow from the user to the user to the radio The WIT 2410 radio module supports hardware flow contro...

Page 14: ...na and placing the Remote Do not place anything immediately in front of the antenna that could obstruct its radiation pattern NOTE Use the sticker on the HopNet Remote unit to help you locate and aim the antenna The sticker indicates which direction the antenna is pointing Be sure the antenna end of the HopNet radio Remote faces the Base or Repeater that it is communicating with Our tests have fou...

Page 15: ...nds to complete During this process the Please wait screen is displayed Once the radio has been found and the Baudrate determined the Finished screen is displayed Click on the Continue button to enter the Wizard NOTE The HopNet configuration Wizard is used with a variety of Cirronet radios Not all radios support all the functions and features of every Cirronet radio Thus some selections in the Wiz...

Page 16: ...lue currently in the HopNet radio the parameter label and value will turn red and the Apply Settings button will appear When the value is changed back to the value that is currently in the attached HopNet radio the label and parameter value will return back to black When new values are applied to the HopNet radio the red values will turn black indicating the updated values in the radio NOTE The ch...

Page 17: ...oor the bars will be red in color FullShow 0 1 2 This changes the number of options that are viewable 0 default Shows minimum amount of options 1 Adds all other options 2 Adds WinCom AutoDetect 1 1 Auto detects radio 0 User defined inputs The parameters below should not be changed as they are specific to different radios These parameters will come from the factory set for your radio 40dBm 125 95dB...

Page 18: ...te 4 Network number 5 Lockout Key 6 Roaming Mode 7 Protocol Mode Dependi ng on whether HopNet radio is configured as a Remote or Base when first connected the heading on the Parameters page will display either Remote Parameters or Base Parameters If the radio has a Modbus adapter Transparent Modbus and DNP3 selections will appear above the Point Point Multipoint selection as shown below 2000 2004 ...

Page 19: ...Set Hopping and is the same command as wn Refer to Configuration Commands section for additional information on commands By using different network numbers or hopping patterns nearby or co located networks can avoid interfering with each other s transmissions BaudRate Also known as Set Data Rate Divisor command sd this parameter sets the serial bit rate between the modem and the host 2000 2004 Cir...

Page 20: ... 1 or 2 stop bits Roaming Mode This parameter is the same as wg and allows remote radios to Roam or only link to specific base stations Protocol Mode This parameter is the same as sp and enables the base station to operate in a multipoint network Depending on the user application more or less acknowledgment may be desired by the application Remotes can operate in transparent mode even though the b...

Page 21: ...l the Stop button is pressed on the base radio s HN Wizard main screen The base radio s Transmit Data window above right will display the message This is a test message from the Remote radio which will repeat until the Stop button is pressed on the remote radio s HN Wizard main screen Send Data The Send Data button shown below initiates the transmission of data Default The Default button shown abo...

Page 22: ...et a minimum number of bytes of data the radio must receive before it will transmit set a maximum amount of time the radio will wait to receive the minimum number of bytes before transmitting what is in the radio s buffer and set the number of times the radio will repeat a transmission that is not acknowledged before discarding the data 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 18 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 23: ...tions and thus will be an integer multiple of the Hop Duration The Maximum Base Packet can only be set in radios set as a base If the radio is a remote this value cannot be changed Maximum Base Packet base station only This is the pw command and sets the amount of time allocated for transmission on each hop for the base station time slot in 4 byte increments If using a protocol mode attempting to ...

Page 24: ...o lock on to the base signal faster at system startup and will generally decrease packet latency A larger value increases network capacity due to decreased overhead in channel switching This Set Hop Duration value only needs to be set in the base which broadcasts the parameter to all remotes However link time can be reduced if this value is also programmed into the remotes which use it as a starti...

Page 25: ...rotocol Tab The Protocol tab brings up the configuration screen above On the next page are descriptions of the commands parameters that are available for modification 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 21 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 26: ...change depending on the frequency band the radio operates in For 2 4GHz radios selecting one of the 802 11b bands in which to operate the HopNet radio can be used in locations with 802 11b networks without causing interference with those networks If there are no 802 11b networks present it is recommended that the radio be set to operate in the entire band which is the default For 900MHz radios the...

Page 27: ...ting as remote radios The radio must be linked with its base radio for the functions on this screen to work Range Optimization HopNet 2410 based radios only This command automatically applies an adjustment factor to the over the air timing of remotes to compensate for the effects of propagation delay at long ranges Simply click on the radio button opposite Range Optimization and the following scre...

Page 28: ... between radios and click OK A bar will appear showing the progress of Range Optimization Once the process has completed the Range Optimization radio button will clear and the Done radio button will fill in indicating that adjustment factor has been applied 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 24 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 29: ...nly percentage above 95 and the Bi Directional percentage above 90 These functions operate with the Automatic Retransmit Request ARQ disabled and as such provide an indication of link quality but do not provide an indication of how often data will get through since in normal operation ARQ is enabled and the radio automatically and transparently will resend data that was not received on the first a...

Page 30: ... 80 will display red Bars at levels between these two points will display yellow These points can be modified by editing the INIT INI file Under normal operation the received signal strength for each channel will fluctuate occasionally dropping to nothing indicating the hop was missed by the radio This display also shows multipath fading when a channel drops noticeably below the surrounding channe...

Page 31: ...om Port and Baud Rate will need to be set manually NOTE In order to display the banner you will need to press the F1 key twice toggling the DTR which resets the radio and causes a new banner to display WinCOM de asserts and re asserts the DTR line to the radio which resets the radio causing the sign on banner to be displayed as shown below The banner indicates the radio firmware version whether th...

Page 32: ...line in the COM port The radio is normally in data mode data that is sent to it from the PC is transmitted over the wireless connection When the WinCOM window is active keys typed on the keyboard will be sent to the radio and will be transmitted Unless the Echo box is checked the typed data will not be displayed in the WinCOM window of the sending radio To change configuration parameters the radio...

Page 33: ...o the Configuration Commands section below for details on all the configurable parameters When the radio is linked to another radio a communications test can be run by clicking on the Transmit button or pressing the F6 key Whatever ASCII string is in the Transmit String window will be transmitted as shown below If the other radio is sending data the received data will be displayed in the WinCOM wi...

Page 34: ... to next higher value Value is displayed in status line Useful when WinCOM is used to change the interface data rate WinCOM can communicate at new data rate without having to exit and re enter WinCOM PgDn Sets data rate of PC serial port to next lower value Value is displayed in status line Recover When the Wizard program is opened it reads the parameters of the HopNet radio connected to the PC Th...

Page 35: ...s serial number is also on the outside of the radio To save a configuration under another filename simply enter the desired filename in the dialog box Once a configuration has been saved it can be used to set up additional HopNet radios with the same configuration by clicking on the Load command on the File menu You will be prompted for a filename to load Loading the file will load the parameters ...

Page 36: ...wever the downside result is higher latency Still this may be desirable in situations where data integrity is paramount and higher latency can be tolerated Automatic Addressing When in Modbus mode the HopNet radios learn the address of the Modbus device to which they are connected When first powered up the base Modbus radio does not know the Modbus address of the remote devices When the base radio...

Page 37: ...ive 0D 10 reserved for future use 11 transparent transmit mode 01 during receive 12 transparent transmit mode 02 during receive Set Data Rate Divisor Sets the serial bit rate between the modem and the host This command takes effect immediately and will require adjusting the host serial rate to agree Nonstandard rates may be programmed by entering a data rate divisor computed with the following for...

Page 38: ...n parameter wn 0 1f Set Hopping Pattern Network Number 0 default wp 0 1 2 Set Transmit Power 0 10mW 1 100mW default 2 500mW wr Read Receive Signal Strength remote only wu 0 1 Set Point to Point Direct Mode 0 Multipoint mode default 1 Point to point direct mode Set Transceiver Mode Sets modem operation as either base station or remote Default is remote Set Default Handle This handle will override t...

Page 39: ...t is 100mW Read Receive Signal Strength Indicator RSSI This command reports the relative signal strength averaged over the last 10 hops This command returns a one byte value that is proportional to received signal strength and can range from 00H to FFH Typical values range from 30H to 80H where the lower the number the lower the received signal strength and the higher the number the higher the rec...

Page 40: ...H default 212 bytes pn 01 3e base only Set Maximum Number of Remotes 3EH default 62 remotes pr 00 ff Set Packet Attempts Limit 10H default FFH Infinite retry RF flow control point to point only pt 00 ff Set Data Transmit Delay 00H default pv 0 1 base only Set Slot Assignment Mode 0 default dynamic slot assignment 1 static slot assignment pw 00 2f base only Set Base Slot Size 08H default 32 bytes p...

Page 41: ...ad only This parameter indicates the largest number of bytes that a remote will transmit per hop based on the size of the slot it has been allocated by the base In general more remotes mean less data can be transmitted per remote By reading this parameter and dividing by the hop duration the remote s data rate capacity can be determined Attempting to send protocol mode packets longer than maximum ...

Page 42: ... number of remotes is correctly set Otherwise remote transmit performance will suffer as transmit time will be reserved for remotes that may not exist The dynamic assignment mode will generally be preferred however the static assignment mode will result in a static maximum data length parameter Set Base Slot Size base station only Sets the amount of time allocated for transmission on each hop for ...

Page 43: ...bles the ability to use the in data stream escape sequence method of accessing Control Mode by transmitting the string wit2410 When this mode is set to 1 the escape sequence only works immediately after reset this is the default When set to 2 the escape sequence may be used at any time in the data stream when preceded by a pause of 20 ms For backwards compatibility with the WIT2400 the string wit2...

Page 44: ...ect Use the Store Memory command afterwards if you wish the factory default settings to be remembered the next time you cycle power or reset the radio Recall Memory Useful for restoring the power on settings after experimenting with temporary changes to data rate protocol or network parameters etc Store Memory This command is necessary after any command to change the data rate transceiver address ...

Page 45: ...ts 8 Odd parity 7 bit data 1 stop bits qw 0 1 2 Adapter Wiring Mode 0 Normal full wire mode 1 Three wire mode RX TX GND 2 Three wire mode DTR qd 00 ff Only valid when qp 1 Sets the amount of time in 3ms increments that the adapter on the receiving end will hold data from the transmitting HN 291D while waiting for the end of the current Modbus packet If this time expires before the end of the Modbu...

Page 46: ... 00 d4 Set Minimum Data Length pr 00 ff Set Packet Attempts Limit pt 00 ff Set Data Transmit Delay remote only pv 0 1 Set Slot Assignment Mode base only pw 00 2f Set Base Slot Size base only px 0 1 Set ARQ Mode Status Commands zb 0 1 Banner Display Disable zc 0 2 Set Escape Sequence Mode zh Read Factory Serial Number High Byte zm Read Factory Serial Number Middle Byte zl Read Factory Serial Number...

Page 47: ...use the rest of the system synchronizes to it If the base station has problems the entire network will be compromised Transceiver Requirements For proper operation all transceivers in the network must meet these basic requirements Adequate and stable power Secure connections Power RF and Data Proper programming especially Hop Duration and Network Number 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 43 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 48: ...er 2 Check antenna connectors and reflective power 3 If remote unit is in synchronization but performance is poor it may indicate antenna problems Check for properly aligned antenna headings 4 Verify proper system parameter values Interference is suspected 1 Verify that the system has a unique network address Nearby systems with same address will cause interference problems 2 If Omni directional a...

Page 49: ...Multiple HopNet systems can co exist in close proximity to each other with very minor interface as long as they are assigned a unique network address Each network address has a different hop pattern If interference is suspected from a similar operating system change the antenna polarization This will provide an additional 20dB of attenuation to interference For indoor applications set all transcei...

Page 50: ...e of sight path can be achieved by mounting the station antenna on a tower or elevated structure that raises it to a sufficient level to clear surrounding terrain and other obstructions The importance of a clear transmission path relates closely to the distance to be covered If the system is to cover only a limited geographical area such as 1 3 miles then some obstructions may be tolerated with mi...

Page 51: ...o the factory The following telephone numbers are available for assistance Phone 678 684 2000 Fax 678 684 2001 Factory Repairs If return of equipment is necessary you will be issued a Return Material Authorization number RMA The RMA will help expedite the repair so that equipment can be returned as quickly as possible Please be sure to include the RMA number on the outside of the shipping box and ...

Page 52: ...0 dBm Nominal EIRP 20 dBm Nominal Default EIRP 27 dBm Nominal Hopping Patterns User configurable 32 patterns networks available Number of Channels 54 Line of Sight Range 15 miles 20 miles with 5dB antennas Frequency Band 900 927 MHz USA Approvals US FCC Part 15 247 IC 4492A 910M Receiver Sensitivity 106dBm 103dBm Data Interface RS 232 Input Power at Connector 9 30 VDC Operating 2000 2004 Cirronet ...

Page 53: ...3 1 in x 1 4 in 130mm x 80mm x 35mm Weight 1 75 lb including cable 794 g Data Connector DB 9 Female Interconnect Cable Connector RJ 45 Antenna Connector Reverse TNC Male X versions only Environmental Specification Value Temperature Range 40 to 70 degrees C Humidity 95 at 40 degrees C Non condensing 2000 2004 Cirronet Inc 49 M 0910 0002 Rev B ...

Page 54: ...s Used to express either loss or gain dBi Decibels referenced to an ideal isotropic radiator in free space Used to express antenna gain dBm Decibels referenced to 1 milliwatt An absolute unit used to measure signal power Transmitter power output or received signal strength DCE Data Communications Equipment A device that receives data in the form of digital signals at its input The modem side of a ...

Page 55: ...tates the orderly transfer of information RMA Return Material Authorization RTU Remote Terminal Unit A device used in data collection TDMA Time Division Multi Access A time slot multiplexing protocol for multi node networking transparent A type of transmission where data is transmitted without using a packet structure It is up to the application to interpret the data When used here transparent mea...

Page 56: ...wer failure No suit or action shall be brought against Seller more than twelve 12 months after the related cause of action has occurred Buyer has not relied and shall not rely on any oral representation regarding the goods sold hereunder and any oral representation shall not bind Seller and shall not be a part of any warranty THE PROVISIONS OF THE FOREGOING WARRANTY ARE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRAN...

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