Raymarine RayTech RNS 5.0 User Manual Download

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Chapter 10: The USB Navigation keyboard

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Chapter 10:The USB Navigation keyboard

10.1 Introduction

The easy-to-use Raymarine USB Navigation Keyboard (referred to as the keyboard) has
been specifically designed for using RayTech RNS in RNS mode. The layout of the
controls make displaying information and controlling RNS quick, easy and smooth.

This chapter describes how to set up RNS to use the keyboard and covers the following:

• The keyboard and its controls.

• Installing the keyboard.

• Setting up RNS for use with the keyboard.

• How to use the keyboard with RNS.

10.2 How do I use the controls?

The keyboard has the following controls:

ACTIVE

WPTS

MOB

DATA

CANCEL

WXYZ

TUV

PQRS

GHI

JKL

ABC

DEF

MNO

RANGE

PAGE

OUT

Power

Softkeys

WPTS

MOB

Trackpad

PAGE

ACTIVE

DATA

Keypad

Range

CANCEL

Rotary
control

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Summary of Contents for RayTech RNS 5.0

Page 1: ...RayTech RNS V5 0 User Manual Document Number 81216_2 Date May 2004 ...

Page 2: ...chart Raynav Raypilot Raystar ST40 ST60 Seaclutter SmartRoute Tridata andWaypointNavigation are trademarks of Raymarine Limited Windows and NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Inc Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel NVIDIA and GeForce are trademarks or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corp Maptech is a registered trademark of Maptech C Map and C Map NT are registered trademarks of C Ma...

Page 3: ...ts 7 Minimum system requirements 7 Optimum system requirements 7 Chapter 2 Getting Started 9 2 1 Introduction 9 2 2 How do I install RNS 9 from a CD 9 from the internet 9 2 3 How do I run RNS for the first time 10 Continuing to use RNS 10 How do I disable the disclaimer 11 How do I obtain license keys 11 2 4 How do I set up RNS 12 2 5 How do I install instruments to RNS 13 2 6 How do I install cha...

Page 4: ... on the screen 23 How do I move around a split page 24 Chapter 4 Using waypoints 25 4 1 Introduction 25 What is a waypoint 25 4 2 How can I place a waypoint 25 at the cursor s current position 25 at the boat s current position 25 at a known position 26 How do I place a man overboard marker 27 How do I change a waypoint symbol 27 4 3 How do I navigate to a waypoint 28 using the WAYPT button 28 usin...

Page 5: ...he wrong position 41 6 3 How do I edit a route 41 How do I add a waypoint to a route 41 How do I delete a waypoint from a route 42 6 4 How do I monitor my course 43 Chapter 7 Using radar 45 7 1 Introduction 45 7 2 How do I display the radar in a new page 45 7 3 What does the radar picture show me 46 7 4 Can I change how the picture is shown 47 7 5 How do I get the best radar picture 48 How do I us...

Page 6: ...How do I change the range 65 How do I select the operating frequency 66 How do I make the picture clearer 67 How do I get a clearer picture of the bottom 68 How can I see a live image of what s below the boat 69 How do I isolate objects near the bottom 70 How do I get a closer view of an image 71 8 6 How do I mark a position on the screen 71 8 7 How can I tell the depth and distance of an object 7...

Page 7: ... transfer route and waypoint data 102 Sending data 103 Receiving data 105 Chapter 10 The USB Navigation keyboard 107 10 1 Introduction 107 10 2 How do I use the controls 107 10 3 How do I install the keyboard 109 10 4 How do I set up RNS for use with the keyboard 109 10 5 What does the RNS screen show me 109 Chapter 11 Troubleshooting 111 11 1 Introduction 111 11 2 Troubleshooting RNS 111 11 3 How...

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Page 9: ...ions as they develop WARNING Product installation This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with the Raymarine instructions provided Failure to do so could result in poor product performance personal injury and or damage to your boat Disclaimers Thiselectronicchart is an aidto navigationdesigned to facilitatetheuseof authorized governmentcharts nottoreplacethem Onlyofficialgovern...

Page 10: ...plication of technology but like all other technology has limits A wise navigator will understand these limits and how they affect the safety of their boat and crew The Global Positioning System is made up of components starting with ground based computerstomonitorandmaintainthesystemmadeupof24satellitesinorbitaround the earth The system ends at your boat s receiver Like all systems it is not perf...

Page 11: ...nventions used In this manual the following conventions will be used RNS refers to RayTech RNS V5 0 The names of keyboard keys are printed in boldface such as Enter Italicsareusedtoshownames suchasOpenChart orsoftkeyssuchasFindVessel Instructionsusingmenuoptionsarewrittenasmenuoption submenu option For example the instructions might read Select File Layers This means go to the File menu on the dro...

Page 12: ...oat s standard on board instruments Technical accuracy Thetechnicalinformationcontained withinthismanual tothebestof our knowledge was correct at the time of printing However Raymarinecannot accept liability for any inaccuracies or omissions it may contain In addition Raymarine s policy of continuous product improvement may change specifications without notice As a result Raymarine cannot accept l...

Page 13: ...atest weather and oceanographic information and display it on any chart Advanced features are included that will enhance RNS s route plotting and fish finding performance making it an ideal choice for the serious sailor or fisherman 1 3 System features RNS has been designed for ease of use and incorporates the following features Easy marine navigation RNS takes the guesswork out of marine navigati...

Page 14: ... GUI completewithmany customizable toolbars softkeys and floating data boxes Using an intuitive menu hierarchy you can display only those tools that you commonly use or customize screens to show you only pertinent information with just a few mouse clicks RNS s flexible GUI enables you to quickly and easily tailor its powerful resources to suit your needs 3D contour display Anadvanced3Dcontourdispl...

Page 15: ...requirement for best performance a PC satisfying the optimum requirements is recommended The minimum and optimum requirements are Minimum system requirements The minimum system requirements are Pentium III 1 GHz processor 128 MB RAM Windows 2000 XP CD ROM drive Serial port PCMCIA port optional for hsb2 interface Monitor capable of displaying 800 x 600 resolution 16 bit color Note Ifyour PC is not ...

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Page 17: ...e computer s CD ROM drive After a few moments the Install Shield Wizard Welcome screen is displayed 2 Click Next and follow the on screen instructions If the Install Shield Wizard does not automatically run 1 Select Start Run fromthecomputertaskbarandtype e Raytech setup exe substitutethedriveletterof your CD ROM drivefor e ifitisdifferent Afterafew moments the Install Shield Wizard Welcome screen...

Page 18: ... will be displayed 7 Select the type of license key you are entering See below 8 Enter your license key using the on screen keyboard Move the cursor over the required number and click to enter 9 Select OK The dialog box closes The default opening screen of RNS is displayed Continuing to use RNS YouwillonlyneedtoenteryourlicensekeythefirsttimeyouuseRNSafterinstallingit Each time you open RNS the fo...

Page 19: ... box next to Show this disclaimer next time How do I obtain license keys A license key is required to activate RNS There are two types of license key 5 0 Upgrade License this type of key is required if you are upgrading to RNS V5 0 from a previous version 5 0 License this type of key is included when you purchase RNS V5 0 Both types of keys can be purchased from http www raymarine com RayTech D691...

Page 20: ...equired settings 5 Click OK to close a dialog box 6 Repeat Steps 2 through 5 for each setting you want to customize You can customize any of the following settings Units configure the units to be used within RNS License enter or change license keys Logging set up your data logging options Settings set up operational settings Performance set up graphic performance settings 3D settings set up 3D con...

Page 21: ... on your PC Note It is necessary torunRayTech RNSat least onceonyour PC beforeinstallingC Map s Chart Selector on the same PC C Map and NT and NT charts C MapchartsarenotinstalledthroughtheRNSchartmanager Theyareautomatically detected by RNS on startup or insertion into the card reader and are made available automatically through the C Map chart layer C Map USB C Card reader Chartsinserted ina C M...

Page 22: ...llation instructions contained on their software RNS will automatically detect and use this cartography following installation How do I use the chart manager The RNS chart manager will search and locate charts that are installed on your system or a CD You then select which charts you require and install them using the chart manager To install charts using the chart manager 1 Insert the relevant ch...

Page 23: ...byclickingintheblackareatotherighthandsideofthe chart installer 6 If necessary highlight the charts you want to install 7 Click Install when you have highlighted all of the required charts The progress of the installation of each chart will be shown 8 The chart manager will update the chart list 9 Click OK The dialog box closes D6918_1 ...

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Page 25: ...ay discover features of RNS that you didn t know existed Experimenting in this way will also help you to find your preferred way of using RNS To help you get started left mouse clicks are used to select or initiate actions Right mouse clicks display drop down menus Holding down the left mouse button and draggingthemousediagonallywillboundachartarea Rotatingthemousewheelwill make small setting adju...

Page 26: ...me you open it They can be changed at anytime without closing the program With the exception of radar and sonar pages each page and pane can be independently configured to suit your working practices 3 3 How do I use the interface TheinterfacecanbecontrolledusingthePCmouse standardorRaymarinewaterproof USB Navigation Keyboard This section will detail how to control the interface using the PC mouse...

Page 27: ...e toolbar drop down menu is displayed 2 Click the toolbar you want to display It is checked and the toolbar appears a the top of the screen below the drop down menu bar Softkeys Thesoftkeylabelschangetoreflectthepageselectedandthefunctionsavailable Click the corresponding softkey to select the required function When you have finished using a function ormaking adjustments click BACK toreturnto thep...

Page 28: ...nt a specific menu of functions when you place the cursor over it and click the right mouse button This is a very fast way to find the function that you want even if you don t know exactly what it is because you will see only those functions which are appropriate for the object at which you are pointing use to scroll through open pages changes the active window in a split page displays the waypoin...

Page 29: ...og box Aselectiondialogboxallowsyoutoaccessvariouscomponentstocarryoutaselected function or feature setting Tomakeaselectionfromthebox eitherclicktheiconyouwishtoaccessthenclickOK or double click the icon Action box Action boxes are contained in a selection dialog box and change a parameter Click an action box and a drop down menu or on screen keyboard will be displayed allowing you to change the ...

Page 30: ...e a databox in any Windows program They can be opened and closed as required Alert and information dialog box An alert andinformation dialog box informsyou that something has happenedwithin theapplicationthatneedsyourapproval ortellsyouthatyouneedtoselectanoption usually Yes or No Once you have accepted the option the dialog box is automatically removed from the screen Application information box ...

Page 31: ...K The new page will open in the selected layout To open new custom page 1 Select File Open New Page The Open New Page dialog box is displayed 2 Click Custom 3 Click OK A new blank page will open with the application icons displayed 4 Double click the icon for the application you want to open The application will open in a full page format 5 Right click on the page status bar and select Split Horiz...

Page 32: ...a red border around the edge of it The softkeys displayed in the function bar are the top level softkeys for that application To make another pane active within a page click the ACTIVE button on the Pathfinder panel The red border will move to the next pane and the softkeys will change to the top level for that application To change the active pane just click the ACTIVE button until the applicatio...

Page 33: ...l and their details stored in a dedicated waypoints list 4 2 How can I place a waypoint A waypoint can be placed at the cursor position at the boat s position at a known position All waypoints can be used in creating routes When waypoints are placed they are given a default symbol you can change this default if required refer to page 27 at the cursor s current position To place a waypoint at the c...

Page 34: ...vel Click OK 3 Select Waypoints Click OK 4 Select New Waypoint Click OK The on screen keyboard appears 5 Enter the name for your new waypoint Click OK The waypoint properties dialog box appears 6 Click Latitude The on screen numeric pad appears 7 Enter correct latitude Click OK The keypad closes 8 Click Longitude The on screen numeric pad appears D 6 9 3 2 _ 1 D 6 9 3 7 _ 1 D6934_1 ...

Page 35: ...thfinder panel Click Man Overboard softkey To cancel a MOB marker 1 Select Route Stop Follow 2 Right click the MOB The right click menu is displayed 3 Highlight and click Delete Waypoint How do I change a waypoint symbol You can change a waypoint symbol from the default to any of 19 options To change a waypoint symbol 1 Select Waypoints Manage Waypoints The folders selection dialog boxis dis playe...

Page 36: ... 4 Click required folder 5 Click OK 6 Click required waypoint 7 Click OK The waypoint is selected and the waypoint selected dialog box appears 8 Click OK using the cursor 1 Place the cursor over the waypoint you want to go to 2 Right click the right mouse menu is displayed 3 Click Go To name of waypoint using the waypoints list 1 Click Go To Waypoint The route dialog box appears 2 Highlight the fo...

Page 37: ...t Waypoint Move Destination to Vessel The waypoint that you are approaching is moved to your boat s current position To move a waypoint you are heading away from to your boat s current position Select Waypoint Move Origin to Vessel The waypoint you are heading away from is moved to your boat s current position 4 5 How do I edit waypoint details You can change how where and when any waypoint is dis...

Page 38: ...nt folder 1 Select Waypoint Manage Waypoints The Folders dialog box is displayed 2 Click New Folder The on screen keyboard is displayed 3 Type in the name for the new folder Click OK The new folder is created To add a waypoint to a folder 1 Select Waypoints Manage Waypoints The Folders dialog box is displayed 2 Open the folder that contains the waypoint you want to add to a new folder The waypoint...

Page 39: ... removed from the chart To delete a waypoint using the waypoint list 1 Select Waypoints Manage Waypoints The folders selection dialog boxis dis played 2 Highlight the folder you want to delete the waypoint from 3 Right click The All waypoints in folder selection dialog box is displayed 4 Right click the waypoint you want to delete A drop down menu is displayed 5 Highlight Delete 6 Click OK The way...

Page 40: ...click the first waypoint that you want to retrieve The waypoint dialog properties box is displayed 5 Click the Folders action box A drop down menu is displayed 6 Highlight the folder that you want the retrieved waypoint to be placed in 7 Click OK Thewaypointisremovedfromthewaypointrecyclebinandplacedinthe selected folder 8 Repeat Steps 1 through 7 for additional waypoints to be retrieved 9 Click O...

Page 41: ...with interpreting the chart display you should take every opportunity to compare displayed objects with visual targets such as buoys and coastal structures You should practice harbor and coastal navigation during daylight and in clear weather conditions RNS simulator mode will also help you gain experience 5 2 What does the chart show me The chart is a digitized image of thepaper chart for the sel...

Page 42: ... as you range in or out to view larger or smaller scales When you are using the quilting function the best available chart for the area you are in will alwaysbedisplayed Thisinformation isbased onyour boat sposition thefocal pointof thecursorand therange scale selected As you pan or zoomaroundthechart cartography will be continuously displayed With quilting turned off the chart at the focus of the...

Page 43: ...in centered until you click the screen The chart will then re center on the cursor s location You can use Menu Item Select Tools Range In or Range Out Keyboard Press tab to zoom in orShift tabto zoom out Pathfinder panel Clicktheupperportionofthe RANGE keyto zoom out or the lower portion to zoom in Left mouse button Click and hold the left mouse button As you drag the mouse the selected area will ...

Page 44: ...evel using the range buttons until the chart is visible 5 6 How do I use chart layers Ifyouhavemultiplechartbuttonsenabledatthesametime thenyourchartislayered This means that one type of cartography is superimposed on top of one or more other types of cartography All charting layers except C Map have a transparency control which allows you to increase or decrease a layers transparency Each page or...

Page 45: ... charts Radar overlay Orbimage Satellite Sea Temperature Orbimage Satellite Plankton GRiB weather data Notes 1 Only availableif RNS is connectedto anhsb2 radar 2 Accessed from fishing toolbar 3 Accessed from weather toolbar The order of layers cannot be changed If you are having trouble viewing a chart layer try switching off all of the other layers on the charting toolbar until the background app...

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Page 47: ...en two waypoints is known as a leg The leg of a route that your boat is currently traveling is called the active leg An active leg consists of an origin waypoint the waypoint that you have just departed and a destination waypoint the waypoint you are moving towards In RNS the active leg of a route is represented by a dashed line and the destination waypoint blinking Plotting a route can be achieve...

Page 48: ...n screen keyboard is displayed 4 Type in a name up to 13 characters including spaces for your route 5 Click OK The dialog box closes 6 Move the cursor over the area where you want the route to begin 7 Click the mouse The route is started and the name you have chosen along with the range and bearing of the first leg is displayed 8 Draw the route you want to take Click at each point you want to plac...

Page 49: ...dit a route Afteryouhavecompletedplottingyourroute youmight want tomakesomechanges These changes can include Adding moving and deleting waypoints Modifying waypoint properties Creating and editing waypoint groups For full details of how to edit waypoints refer to Chapter 4 Using Waypoints How do I add a waypoint to a route To add a waypoint to a route 1 Select Routes Edit Route The Choose Route to...

Page 50: ...ted waypoint or mark It will be added to the routebelow the highlighted waypoint How do I delete a waypoint from a route To remove a waypoint from a route 1 Select Routes Edit Route The Choose Route to Edit dialog box is displayed 2 Highlighttherouteyouwanttoedit Click OK TheEditingRoutedialogboxforthe selected route is displayed 3 Double click the waypoint It is removed from the route D6 93 6_ 1 ...

Page 51: ... will move down the screen at a rate proportional to your boat s speed Yourtargetwaypointislocatedonthecenterlineofthedisplayoverthescreenhorizon As the distance to the target waypoint decreases the waypoint symbol will appear on thehorizonandstartto movedown thescreen Thewaypointsymbol will blinkonand off and it s name is displayed to theright as it travels down the screen Information on your boa...

Page 52: ...are shown as arrows either side of the XTE pointing towards the centerline The greater the XTE the more arrows appear You should correct your course by steering in the direction indicated by the arrows The CDI can be displayed on its own page or as part of a custom page with other applications MARPA targets are also displayed on a CDI page ...

Page 53: ...the radar application requires heading and position data A fast heading sensor is also needed for operating the Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid MARPA functions and radar chart overlay Until you are familiar with interpreting the radar display you should take every opportunity to compare the radar s display patterns with visual targets such as other boats buoys and coastal structures You should p...

Page 54: ...screen targets may be large small bright or faint dependent upon the size of the object its orientation and surface Be aware that the size of a target on screen is dependent on many factors and may not necessarily be proportional to its physical size Nearby objects may appear to be the same size as distant larger objects With experience theapproximatesizeofdifferentobjectscanbedeterminedbytherelat...

Page 55: ...d shown with your current course upwards As your boat s heading changes the SHM moves accordingly If you select a new course the picture will reset to display the new course upwards The reference used for Course up depends upon the information available from the following Bearingfromorigintodestination i e intendedcourse UsedifaFOLLOWorGOTO is active Lockedheadingfromanautopilot Usedifautopilotise...

Page 56: ...heradarisset to standby or if you exit RNS To use the gain functions 1 Click on the softkey for the required function 2 Click on the softkey for control options 3 Adjust the settings as necessary 4 When you have finished click the BACK button FTC You can use the Fast Time Constant FTC function to remove areas of clutter at a distance from your boat It should be used in conjunction with the RAIN fu...

Page 57: ...y be necessary to account for land clutter To avoid losing small targets set the sea cluttercontroltoAuto Harbormode Ifyousettheseacontroltomanualmode besure you adjust the settings to ensure that all close small targets are visible Gain mode The gain control adjusts the level of the display of signals received from the scanner and is the equivalent to the volume control on a radio The gain contro...

Page 58: ...cessary 4 When you have finished click the BACK button Interference rejection The interference rejection Int rej function reduces the interference caused by radar equipped boats operating within range of each other Expansion The target expansion function makes targets easier to see by expanding them The radarscannertypedeterminestherangeatwhichtargetexpansionisavailable Target expansion overrides ...

Page 59: ...e ship targets in or beyond view How do I change the displayed range Each time you click the RANGE button on the Pathfinder panel the range changes to the next available setting Youcanalsochangetherangebyclickingtherangeiconsinthetoolbar 7 7 How do I mark a position on the radar screen You can mark a position on the radar screen using a waypoint also known as a mark anywhere on the radar screen Wa...

Page 60: ... the WAYPT button on the Pathfinder panel The waypoint softkey options will appear in the softkey bar 2 Click the softkey corresponding to where you want to place the waypoint A way point will be placed in that position 3 When you have finished click the BACK button To place a waypoint using the right mouse menu 1 Right click the mouse The right click menu will appear 2 Click on the option for whe...

Page 61: ...s detected by the radar A standard VRM is displayed as a circle with its center on your boat s position and its EBL is displayed as a line from the origin to the edge of the radar screen Both are shown as dotted lines If you range in or out or offset the center of the display the originalsettingoftheVRM EBLremainsunchanged RNSallowstwoVRMs EBLstobe displayed at the same time When a VRM EBL pair is...

Page 62: ...a dotted line and retain the adjustment 6 Click the Adjust EBL 1 softkey The on screen EBL will change from a dotted to a solid line 7 Use the cursor to place the EBL over the required target 8 Click to return the EBL to a dotted line and retain the adjustment Note WhenusingaVRM EBL youmaywanttoturnofftherangeringstomaketheVRM EBL easier to see ThedistanceandbearingofthetargetisnowshownintheVRM EB...

Page 63: ...p swells Choppy sea state conditions exist yielding poor stability own boat s heading data is very unstable Inadequate heading data Symptoms of such conditions are that acquisition is difficult and the MARPA vectors are unstable the symbol wanders away from the target locks on to another target or changes to a lost target symbol If any of these conditions are present acquisition and tracking may n...

Page 64: ... so the target is designated as dangerous and you are notified with an audible alarm and a flashing on screen MARPA target ID No Dangerous warning Press any key to cancel the alarm and remove the warning however the target is dangerous symbol remains displayed Both the distance Own Vessel Safe Zone and the time Time to Safe Zone are selectable If a target is lost it is either because the MARPA sof...

Page 65: ...s motion as if you were in a helicopter looking down watching thetargets move across the water Thismodeis used as an aidtonavigation Target history Youcanalsoviewatarget shistory whichappearsasatrailofdotsleftbythetargetas it travels You can change the display interval of these dots How do I set up target vectors and history To set up target vectors and history 1 Click TargetTracking 2 Click Marpa...

Page 66: ...ans the radar locks on to it and the safe target symbol appears The target ID number appears at the safe target symbol The own vessel safe zone is also displayed 5 Repeat Steps 1 through 4 for each target you want to acquire How do I cancel a MARPA target There are two ways in which a MARPA target can be cancelled To cancel a MARPA target Method 1 1 Click Cancel Target 2 Move the cursor over the t...

Page 67: ...atabase list is now displayed 3 Click OK to remove the list from the screen without editing To edit the MARPA database list 1 Click Delete All This will delete all of the targets in the list or 2 Highlight the targets you want to delete 3 Click Delete Selected This will delete only the selected targets Click OK to remove the dialog box from the screen D6993_1 D6994_1 ...

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Page 69: ...oduce a visual representation of what is under your boat For technical information on Sonar refer to Appendix C Sonar 8 2 What does the screen show me When you first view the sonar screen a scrolling bottom graph is displayed This is a graphical representation of the echoes seen by the sounder module As time passes this image scrolls from right to left and becomes a record of the echoes seen A typ...

Page 70: ... to adjust the depth of water displayed 8 3 How do I display the sonar in a separate page To display sonar in a separate page 1 Select FILE Open New Page The Open New Page dialog box will appear 2 Double clicktheSONAR icon Thesonardisplayandassociatedsoftkeyswillopen in a new page 8 4 How do I change what I see on the screen You can change the background color scrolling speed and whether or not th...

Page 71: ... graphical representation of the echoes seen by the sonar New information appears at the right hand side of the screen and scrolls to the left The speed at which the display scrolls is adjustable but the same section of the bottom is displayed regardless of the scrolling speed If you select a faster scroll speed more detail is displayed useful if you are looking for fish a slower scroll speed move...

Page 72: ...g speed 1 Click Presentation 2 Click Scroll 3 Click Scroll to Paused Target depth ID You can select whether the depth is displayed for fish echoes With the target depth id set to On the target depth is displayed just above each target echo To turn on Target Depth ID 1 Select File Layers The Layers dialog box is displayed 2 Click Sonar The sonar layers options dialog box is displayed 3 Click Target...

Page 73: ...ite Line and Bottom Fill in the active pane Hide the depth digit in the current page How do I change the range The sonar automatically adjusts the display depth range selecting the shallowest range that keeps the bottom image in the lower half of the display page Alternatively the RANGE button on the Pathfinder panel lets you select the maximum depth displayed on thescrollingbottom and A scopeimag...

Page 74: ...that is displayed in all sonar pages Dual frequency mode In which the transducer operates in both 50 kHz and 200 kHz frequencies at the same time and you select the frequency that is displayed in each page This mode allows you to view both frequencies simultaneously using multiple sonar pages 50 kHz frequency When using this frequency the transducer scans a wide area The signal penetrates water we...

Page 75: ...ay echoes with a minimum of background noise You can manually adjust the gain but will need to re adjust it as conditions change Color gain mode The color gain mode determines how echoes of different strengths are displayed The color gain sets the lower limit for the top color band All echoes with a signal strength above this value are displayed in the strongest color or shade Setting a low value ...

Page 76: ...erpictureofthebottomusingtheBottomLockfunction Thenormal scrolling bottom display provides a top down view referenced from the surface of the water Bottom lockshows awatercolumn of fixedheight referenced fromthebottom that appears flat It removes bottom detail to provide an image of objects directly above the bottom and is useful when you are looking for objects or fish that are feeding close to t...

Page 77: ...ng bottom display shows a historical record of sonar echoes The A Scope screen displays raw sonar data direct from the transducer beam This gives you a real time image of bottom structure and any fish directly below the transducer This function is useful in showing the strength of echo returned from an object A Scope also displays the patented Bottom Coverage width indication A Scope can be displa...

Page 78: ...een 3 Click right hand A Scope to required mode How do I isolate objects near the bottom The white line feature separates echoes from objects near the bottom and the bottom itself When white line is switched on the sonar displays echoes differently The strongest echoes aredisplayed in thebackground with a thin lineon top All other echoes remain unchanged To display white line 1 Click Presentation ...

Page 79: ... bottom on the right of the screen 1 Click Zoom The Zoom softkeys will be displayed 2 Click Zoom to On The Zoom image replaces the scrolling bottom image 3 Click appropriate softkeys to set up zoom as required 8 6 How do I mark a position on the screen You can use a sonar mark sm to indicate a position on the sonar image The sm is stored in the waypoint list so that you can name it save it as a wa...

Page 80: ...he cursor s position To place a sm at the cursor position 1 Select Waypoint Place Waypoint at Cursor 2 Move the cursor to where you want to place the sm 3 Click and a new sm will appear in the selected position at a known position To place a waypoint at a known position 1 Select Waypoints Manage Waypoints The folders dialog box will appear 2 Select Up one level Click OK 3 Select Waypoints Click OK...

Page 81: ...play The VRM function can be used on the scrolling bottom image bottom lock and zoom pages The VRM is displayed as a cross hair with the height and width of the display screen The centre of the crosshair is the reference for which depth and distance behind boat are displayed You can use the cursor to move the VRM over a particular object Depth is displayed in system units on the VRM In the scrolli...

Page 82: ...isplayed in the default on screen position If you use the VRM with the sonar in split frequency or zoom modes it will appear in both panes To use the VRM 1 Click Presentation 2 Click VRM EBL to ON The crosshair will appear on screen as dashed lines 3 Click Edit VRM EBL 4 Use the cursor to move the VRM EBL to the required position the depth and distance will update as you move it 5 WhentheVRM EBLis...

Page 83: ... between 2ft 0 5 fathoms 1 meter and 3000ft 500 fathoms 1000 meters You set the depth at which the alarm triggers When the depth is less than that set an audible alarm sounds and a pop up message describing the alarm is displayed You cannot set the deep alarm to a depth shallower than the shallow alarm To cancel the alarm click any button Fish alarm Ifthisalarmison anaudiblewarningissoundedwheneve...

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Page 85: ...ion can I see IfthecomputeronwhichyouarerunningRNSisconnectedtotheinternetyouareable to download weather files display and animate these on screen You can display information such as Air temperature Clouds Ocean currents Rain Relative humidity Sea temperature Surface pressure Swell Swell and wind waves Wind Wind waves After you have acquired your weather files you can fully animate them to show th...

Page 86: ...example ocean currents can be shown as barbs arrows scaled or contours To set up your weather display 1 Select File Layers The RayTech layers dialog box is displayed 1 Click the Weather Layers icon The weather layers dialog box is displayed 2 Click the action box next to the information you require to set the format in which it is shown 3 Click OK until the dialog box closes Tidal current Temperat...

Page 87: ...rmation you require 3 Click Send now to send your request The security check dialog box is displayed Note This is an example only your security dialog box may differ inappearancefromthat shown 4 Click Yes The security dialog box closes and a weather file for your selected area should be delivered shortly 5 Click Check Inbox to see if the weather file has been delivered When you click the action bo...

Page 88: ...quired area How do I animate a weather file To animate a weather file 1 Select View Animation Toolbar The animation toolbar is displayed 2 Click the arrow at the right of the Start time box A drop down menu is displayed 3 Select the time you want the animation to start 4 Click the arrow at the right of the Finish time box A drop down menu is displayed 5 Select the time you want the animation to en...

Page 89: ...row at the right of the Date box A drop down menu is displayed 8 Select the date of the animation to be played 9 Click Play b to start the animation Theanimationwillnowstarttoplay Youcanpause fastforwardorrewinditusingthe buttons at the right of the toolbar ...

Page 90: ...standard toolbar 3 Click on the chart to set the point you want to start measuring from 4 Click on the chart to set the point you want to measure to A line will be placed between the two points showing the distance between them and the bearing from the first point to the second The latitude and longitude of the second point will be displayed in the chart status bar To move a ruler 1 Click and hold...

Page 91: ...sented by polars is dependent on the volume and accuracy of the data collected There are two primary areas within polars where you can enter and modify data ThePolar tab thisdisplaysthepolarparametersscreen whichcontainsvariables values used to plot the polar graph The Data tab this displays the data tests screen which enables the input of advanced boat weather performance related information that...

Page 92: ...xisting polar parameters file To modify the values shown refer to Step 3 To load an existing polar parameters file i Click Open in the polar parameters box The open file dialog box is displayed ii Choose the polar parameters file rpl extension that you want to open iii Click Open The selected file will be displayed 3 To edit individual values i Click on the cell that you want to modify The value i...

Page 93: ... test To edit the data test parameters The definitions for the cells in the table are Tws True wind speed in knots Bsp00 Boat speed in knots at zero degrees sailing directly into the wind TwaUp True wind angle Upwind in degrees BspUp Boat speed Upwind in knots Twa1 True wind angle in degrees first variable Bsp1 Boat speed in knots first variable Twa2 True wind angle in degrees second variable Bsp2...

Page 94: ...est data Mainsail Name or code for the type of mainsail used Headsail Name or code for the type of headsail used Awa Apparent wind angle in degrees Aws Apparent wind speed in knots Twa True wind angle in degrees Twd True wind direction in degrees CorTwa Corrected True wind angle in degrees CorTws Corrected True wind speed in degrees CorTwd Corrected True wind direction in degrees Bsp Boat speed in...

Page 95: ...ries Click OK Returns to the data test screen TWS Displays only those tests having True Wind Speed greater than or equal to the value entered TWS Displays only those tests having TrueWindSpeed less than or equal to the value entered TWA Displays only those tests having True Wind Angle greater than or equal to the value entered TWA Displays only those testshaving True Wind Angle lessthan or equal t...

Page 96: ...n that has been entered will be displayed as a polar graph in the polar plot screen Placing the cursor in any position along the polar plot opens a small pop up pane that displays the wind angle boat speed correlation at that point To graph a polar plot 1 Enter all the requisite detail into the polar parameters and data test screens as described in the previous sections 2 Click Polar tab The Polar...

Page 97: ... and Twa2 variables entered in the polar parameters screen These lines are displayed in blue The lines that diverge between 30o and 50o and 130o and 160o represent the Target Twa upwind and downwind These lines are displayed in blue The line that scribes a semi circle plots the optimum heading and resultant speed relative totheTwsrangeyou enter atthebottom of thescreen As theTwsrange is increased ...

Page 98: ...educing the displayed information to only those elements Upwind plot Theupwindplot screen calculatesthebest angleandboat speed when sailingupwind and displays Velocity Made Good VMG relative to Twa Click Vmg to view then select Tws range to plot by clicking on the Tws kts up down arrows or entering the numbers direct Boat speed relative to Tws Click Bsp to view True wind angle relative to Tws Clic...

Page 99: ...st angle and boat speed when sailing downwind and displays VMG relative to Twa Click Vmg to view then select the Tws range to plot by clicking on the Tws kts up down arrows or by entering the numbers directly Boat speed relative to Tws Click Bsp to view Twa relative to Tws Click Twa to view D7034_1 ...

Page 100: ...t primarily in long course racing In such an instance it may be a smarter tactical move to sail toward your target at the fastest possible speed even if that heading isn t directly toward the target Touse theVmcplot selecttheCourse and true winddirection to beplottedbyclicking on the Course Twd and Tws kts up down arrows or entering the numbers directly By default course and Twd are initially deri...

Page 101: ... When making a measured mile calibration perform three consecutive runs over the known distance to eliminate any tidal current effects Compass Compasscalibrationinvolvestwoprocedures deviationandheadingerrorcalibration Calibrating deviation corrects compass error around different points of the compass Keep in mind that some instrument systems have the ability to calibrate the compass automatically...

Page 102: ...radient however calibrationinlight air such as a sea breeze filling in is not recommended To achieve successful Awa offset calibration Choose a day with no wind shear minimal gradient and a steady true wind speed Ensure that the DataTrak function is on line and operational Sail upwind at your optimum close hauled angle Complete four to six tacks in steady wind conditions Use the wand method of ave...

Page 103: ... ascertainminutechangesinanyrecordedvariableovertime RNSallowsforthedisplay of DataTrak wand times When capturing data from DataTrak vertical frames can be inserted in the chart to delineatestart and end pointsfor thedata capture These lines called wands represent a particular segment of time on the graph Thetimeinterval is reported at the top of the graph in the blue status bar You can create gra...

Page 104: ...OK Theselectedgraphisdisplayed Data willautomaticallyappear fromthe right of the screen To open a custom DataTrak page 1 Select File Open New Page The open page selection dialog box is displayed 2 Highlight Custom SeaTemp Displays sea temperature and boat speed Target compare Compares your performance with your current targets Target create Used to identify good target points when sailing upwind o...

Page 105: ... Theright mousemenuappears 2 Click Add Graph The page splits horizontally and a new graph panel is displayed How do I add the wands to DataTrak Adding the wands to DataTrak is quick and easy To add wands to a DataTrak graph 1 Open a DataTrak page to display the required graphs 2 Decide upon the section of data that you want to capture 3 Click the graph panel at the start of the data section you wa...

Page 106: ...box is displayed 2 Double click Weather Routing The Weather Routing dialog box is displayed 3 Clicktheaction boxes for Show isochrones Show pathsand Show optimalpathto ON 4 Click OK The Weather Routing dialog box closes 5 Click OK The Layers dialog box closes 6 Getthelatestweatherinformation from theinternet as describedin How do I get weather information from the internet on page 79 of this manua...

Page 107: ...ou to decide which end of a line to start taking into account line bias tidal strength and the angle and direction of likely wind shifts Enabling you to select a transit to ensure you know exactly where the line is Enable you to position your boat on the line and create and protect a space to leeward Assisting time and distance judgement so that your boat accelerates at the right time hitting the ...

Page 108: ...ationshown onscreenallowingyoutodecidethebestcoursetotake Truewinddirectionandspeed are calculated in short 30 second and long 10 minute averages Information available includes Screen Information and use Laylines Boat speed actual and target True wind angle actual and target Port layline Starboard tack time distance and bearing Total time distance and bearing to mark Tacking angle Other tack headi...

Page 109: ...k port and starboard Tack heading port and starboard Leg length Leg bearing Target boat speed Target true wind angle Leg bias true wind if heading directly at the mark Numbers Used to verify that GPS and instruments are functioning Key instrument data Internally calculated data Wind Used to view wind averages over different periods wind trending and shift Samples true wind direction and true wind ...

Page 110: ...hat are available these can be NMEA hsb2 e mail Memory card You have the choice of transferring individual waypoints complete routes or any combination of these The Route and Waypoint Transfer dialog box allows you the following options Send to or receive from hsb Send to or receive from a memory card Save to or load from a user card Send to NMEA Send to a file Send to an e mail Export to a Raymar...

Page 111: ...leshowshowtotransferwaypoints Theprocedureisthesameforfoldersor routes 1 Highlight SelectRouteorWaypoint Click OK TheBrowsedialogbox is displayed 2 Double click Waypoints The waypoint list is displayed 3 Right clickthefirst waypoint you want to transfer A drop down menu is displayed 4 Highlight Add to Transfer 5 Click OK The waypoint symbol changes to show it has been selected 6 Repeat Steps 3 thr...

Page 112: ... OK The dialog box will close The route and waypoint transfer dialog box is displayed Click OK Send to user card Send to NMEA The action is completed automatically The dialog box will close The route and waypoint transfer box is displayed Click OK Send to a file Highlight the file you want to transfer data to Click OK A dialog box to show the transfer is complete will be displayed Click OK The dia...

Page 113: ...r Waypoint above Receiving data WaypointsanddatatransferredintoRNSwillbestoredinanew folderinthedatabase list of RNS To receive data into RNS 1 Select Waypoints Route and Waypoint Transfer The route and waypoint transfer dialog box is displayed 2 Highlight the icon for the method that is being used to receive data 3 Click OK A suitable dialog box to show data is being received will be displayed 4 ...

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Page 115: ... RNS quick easy and smooth ThischapterdescribeshowtosetupRNStousethekeyboardandcoversthefollowing The keyboard and its controls Installing the keyboard Setting up RNS for use with the keyboard How to use the keyboard with RNS 10 2 How do I use the controls The keyboard has the following controls ACTIVE WPTS MOB DATA MENU CANCEL OK 9 WXYZ 8 TUV 7 PQRS 4 GHI 5 JKL 2 ABC 3 DEF 1 6 MNO RANGE PAGE 0 OU...

Page 116: ...OK Press to accept a function Range Press to change the display scale zoom in or out in discrete steps so that a smaller or larger area can be seen on the screen Alpha numeric keypad Allows you to make alpha numeric entries in on screen dialog boxes DATA Press to display the databox function bar ACTIVE Sets the active window in a multiple display page PAGE Press to scroll through the open pages WP...

Page 117: ...e using to run RNS 10 4 How do I set up RNS for use with the keyboard To set up RNS for use with the keyboard 1 Open RNS as described in Chapter 2 Getting started 2 Select Window RNS Mode The window will now change to show the RNS mode 10 5 What does the RNS screen show me All of the application screens in RNS mode consist of a status bar application window and function bar Status bar Power button...

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Page 119: ...osoft com for more information Possible cause Solution A USB serial adapter is not doing its job correctly RefertoadapterrecommendationsgiveninRaytechsystem requirements on www raymarine com The serial cable is wired incorrectly Refer to the manual for the E85004 SeaTalk NMEA RS232 interface for a wiring diagram There isa problem with your PCs serial port Contact your PC manufacturer or call Rayma...

Page 120: ...rt for more information The other system displays are not Pathfinder Plus hsb2 Original hsb2 Pathfinder displays can be upgraded to hsb2 hardware Contact Raymarine Customer Service Incorrectly installed hsb2 interface drivers Download and install the latest drivers from www raymarine com Windows has failed to correctly initialize the RayTech hsb2 PCMCIA card Using the Unplug Remove Hardware icon o...

Page 121: ... PC s current color depth Try switching from 24 32 bit 16 million colors to 16 bit 65 000 colors or vice versa Problem with RayTech configuration or display settings or the chart library Toresettodefaults runRaycleanuputility byholdingdown ctrl as RNS opens Tick in turn Clean toolbars and menus this resets the layout and display to defaults Remove ini files this removes instruments and configurati...

Page 122: ...ebsite Problem with serial port Try using the Digi Edgeport USB serial adapter Problem with hsb2 See table for Problem No chart radar or sonar available over hsb2 network above Possible cause Solution Problem with hsb2 for charts repeated from an hsb2 chart plotter See table for Problem No chart radar or sonar available over hsb2 network above One or more chart layers are hiding vector charts Turn...

Page 123: ...You can contact Raymarine in the US either using the Raymarine world wide web as detailed above or by calling one of the telephone numbers below Who do I contact for accessories and parts You can obtain many Raymarine accessories and parts directly from your authorized Raymarine dealer However if your dealer does not have the item you want contact Raymarine Technical Services at 1 800 539 5539 ext...

Page 124: ...me All products returned to the Repair Center are registered upon receipt and a confirmation letter is sent to acknowledge the repair status and the reference number of the product We will make every effort to carry out the repair and return your unit as quickly as possible Ifyouwanttoenquireabouttherepairstatusofyourunit contacttheRepairCenterat 1 800 539 5539 How can I contact Raymarine in Europ...

Page 125: ...ation before it steers the boat towards the waypoint If you have entered a route using a small scalechart zoom in to a larger scale to checkfor hazards such as small shoals that may not be shown on the smaller scale charts Note Until you are familiar withinterpreting the chart display you shouldtake every opportunity tocompare the displayed objects withvisual targets suchas buoys and coastal struc...

Page 126: ...f chart Displaying chart object and source information C Map charts used with RNSinclude a number of displayed objects forwhich information is available such as lights and buoys They also contain additional source data for structures lines open sea areas etc You can use the right mouse menu to identify an object or chart position and you can obtain detailed information for the selected item Waypoi...

Page 127: ...yed Tracks The track function is used to mark on screen the trail that the vessel has followed as if it had left a visible wake While the track is switched on it is recorded in the system memory The interval at which trackpointsaremadeandalineisdrawnon screenbetweeneachpoint Thecurrenttrack remains on screen even following a power off on until you clear the track ...

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Page 129: ...ve energy and then collects the returns from those targets The scanner includes a sensitive low noise front end receiver and a variety of clutter attenuation controls to maintain target resolution The scanner is adjusted and operated from the display screen It can be switched between transmit and stand by modes It also has a power saving timed transmit mode which pauses between bursts of transmiss...

Page 130: ...ing on the scanner Long range scales provide the best overview of the boats relationship to land masses weather fronts and large ship targets in or beyond view Short rangescales providegreaterdetail of theradarechoescloseto theboat and should be used as the coastline harbors or other boats in the area are approached Concentricrangeringsareincludedto helpin thejudgingof distancesontheradar picture ...

Page 131: ...firstsightoflandmaybeamountainseveralmilesinlandfromthe coastline Theactualcoastlinemaynotappearontheradaruntiltheboatisclosetothe line of sight distance The radar indication may not be similar to your visual observation a nearby small object may appear to be the same size as a distant large object on the radar However with experience the approximate size of different objects can be determined by ...

Page 132: ...ns where there is no actual target These are called false echoes and may be caused by side lobes ghost images indirect echoes or multiple echoes This section briefly describes the echo patterns that can be produced by false echoes and the likely cause It should be noted that the radar operator through observation practice and experience can generally detect these conditions very quickly These effe...

Page 133: ...true target echo but on the same bearing Blind sectors or shadow effect Obstructionssuchasfunnelsandmastsneartheradarantennamayobstructtheradar beam and cause radar shadows or blind sectors If the obstruction is relatively narrow there will be a reduction of the beam intensity though not necessarily a completecut off However forwider obstructions theremaybea totallossofsignalin the shadow area The...

Page 134: ...er in the shape of an almost solid disc Rain clutter The radar can see echoes from rain or snow Returns from stormareasandrainsquallsconsistofcountlesssmallechoes that continuously change size intensity and position These returnssometimesappear as largehazyareas depending on the intensity of the rainfall or snow in the storm area Interference When two or more radar equipped boats are operating wit...

Page 135: ... DSM processes these echoes and sends data to the sonar which displays a visual interpretation of the underwater view The strength of echoes is indicated on the display by different colors You can use this information to determine the bottom structure the size of fish and other objects in the water e g debris or air bubbles Notes 1 The DSM will operate at a frequency of 50 kHz or 200 kHz 2 Sometra...

Page 136: ...he boat speed Slower speeds return flatter more horizontal marks As your boat s speed increases the target will tend to thicken and arch slightly until at fast speeds the mark resembles a double vertical line Target depth The closer the target to the surface the larger the mark on the screen Individual target depths can be displayed using the Target Depth ID function Target size The larger the tar...

Page 137: ...ageup or down within the current range When you select Auto Range the shift adjustments is reset to zero Range adjustments affect all sonar windows The range setting is indicated in the sonar status bar The following rangeand shift values are available Range Index Range feet Shift increment feet Range fathoms Shift increment fathoms Range meters Shift increment meters 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 10 2 2 1 4 1 ...

Page 138: ...100 800 200 22 3000 500 500 100 1000 200 23 3500 500 600 100 1200 200 24 4000 500 700 100 1400 100 200 25 4500 500 750 50 100 1500 100 26 5000 500 850 100 1700 200 Range Index Range feet Shift increment feet Range fathoms Shift increment fathoms Range meters Shift increment meters ...

Page 139: ...g box Set up Displays set up dialog box Tracks Displays tracks dialog box Close Pane Closes active pane Close Page Closes the active page and the selection page Exit Exits RNS Waypoint menu Command Action Place Waypoint at Vessel Places a new waypoint at your boat s current position Place Waypoint at cursor Places a new waypoint at the cursor scurrent position Man Overboard Places a Man Overboard ...

Page 140: ...e to the selected waypoint and makes it active Create Route Enables you to create a new route Go to Cursor Createsanewwaypointatthecursorandmakesitthetargetwaypoint Route details Displays the route details dialog box for the active route Manage routes Displays the Manage routesdialog box Reverse Active Route Reverses the active route Tools menu Command Action Find vessel Centers and displays your ...

Page 141: ...l and Navigation numbers hsb2 info Displays the hsb2 information dialog box View menu Command Action Customize Displays Toolbar customize dialog box Function bar Displays or hides the function bar Tabs Displays or hides page selection tabs Standard toolbar Displays or hides the corresponding toolbar Waypoint and Routes Pathfinder panel Charting toolbar Animation toolbar Alarm toolbar Tides Current...

Page 142: ...marine RayTech web pages Online updates Links RNS to downloadable software updates Online registration Enables you to register RNS online Online support Links RNS to Raymarine Online Technical Support Online purchase Enables online purchase of RNS license keys About RayTech RNS Displays details of software version Command Action New Page Displays the Open new page dialog box Ruler Sets the cursor ...

Page 143: ...d position Undo waypoint Deletes the selected waypoint Edit route Displays the Choose route to edit dialog box Route and waypoint transfer Displays Route and waypoint transfer dialog box Command Action Raster charts Turns on off raster chart layer C Map Turns on off C Map chart layer Photo Charts overlay Turns on off satellite photographic image layer Topo charts Turns on off topographical chart l...

Page 144: ...f animation to be played 5 Animation controls a Rewind b Play c Fast forward d End of track e Pause Command Action Previous month Displays data for previous month Previous day Displays data for the previous day Select date Displays date selection dialog box Next day Displays data for next 24 hours Next month Displays data for next month Select station Displays the Tide station dialog box 1 2 3 4 5...

Page 145: ...otates view to nearest side perspective 3d Top Rotates view to top of boat perspective 3d Head Up Rotates to and maintains forward view perspective Command Action SST Layer DisplaystheSeaSurfaceTemperature SST layer turnstransparency on off Plankton Layer Turns plankton layer on off Settings Displays fishing layers dialog box Command Action Bottom mark Enables you to manually set racecourse bottom...

Page 146: ...et the port starting buoy position Set Starb Enables you to manually set the starboard starting buoy position Port by laser Enables you to set port start buoy position via laser Starb by laser Enables you to set port start buoy position via laser 01 1 minute Sets start gun countdown timer to selected interval 04 4 minutes 05 5 minutes 10 10 minutes 15 15 minutes Action Command Pressure Turns on of...

Page 147: ...ox Add Creates a new databox Default databoxes Restores default RNS databoxes Insert channel Displays Databox selection list Delete channel Displays Databox list dialog box Modify channel Displays Databox list dialog box Channel Up Displays the next level of channel selected in the Databox selection list Channel down Displays onelevel down ofselectedchannel inthe databox selection list D7072_1 ...

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Page 149: ... Differential Global Positioning System EBL Electronic Bearing Line FTC Fast Time Constant GPS Global Positioning System GRIB GRIdded Binary GUI Graphical User Interface HSB High Speed Bus kHz kilo Hertz kts knots m meters MARPA Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid MOB Man OverBoard nm nautical miles NMEA National Marine Electronics Association NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administrati...

Page 150: ...ory Rx Receive SHM Ships Heading Marker sm sonar mark SOG Speed Over Ground SST Sea Surface Temperature TCPA Time to Closest Point of Approach TVG Time Varied Gain Tx Transmit USB Universal Serial Bus VMC Velocity Made good over Course VMG Velocity Made Good VRM Variable Range Marker Abbreviation Meaning ...

Page 151: ...gle The angle between True wind direction Twd and he centerline of the vessel Measured in degrees Tws True wind speed Thevelocity ofthewindrelativetothesurface ofthe water Measured in knots Twd True wind direction The magnetic direction that the wind is coming from calculated to appear as though measured from a stationary boat Measured in degrees Active route The route on the chart which is being ...

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