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PV-Engineering PVPM 1000X, User Manual

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PV-Engineering PVPM 1000X User Manual Download Page 36

I-U diagram: Explanation

Page 36

15

I-U diagram: Explanation

The diagrams represented in the following are from the books (with friendly permission of the authors): 

Quaschning, Volker: Simulation der Abschattungsverluste bei solarelektrischen Systemen. Verlag Dr. Köster. Berlin. 1996

Wagner Andreas: Photovoltaik Engineering – Handbuch für Planung, Entwicklung und Anwendung. Springer Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg New

York . 2005

fig: Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W/m2 and different irradiations 

fig: Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W/m2 and different cell temperatures 

fig: Construction of the module characteristic from the cell characteristics (irradiance E = 400W/m2, T = 300K) 

PVPM 1000X / 1040X

User Manual

PV-Engineering GmbH

Summary of Contents for PVPM 1000X

Page 1: ...PVPM 1000X 1040X Peak Power Measuring Device and I V Curve Tracer for PV Modules and Generators Users Manual ...

Page 2: ... 2 Release 11 2016 PV Engineering GmbH Hugo Schultz Str 14 DE 58640 Iserlohn Germany Tel 49 2371 4366480 Fax 49 2371 4366489 e Mail service pv engineering de PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 3: ... UNINSTALLING THE CDM DRIVER 23 11 OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PVPM DISP 24 11 1 MAIN MENU FILE 24 11 2 EDIT 26 11 3 EXTRA 27 11 4 DIAGRAM 30 11 5 RESULTS LISTS 31 11 6 HELP NOT YET IMPLEMENTED 31 12 HARDWARE INFORMATION 32 12 1 MEASURING UNIT 32 12 2 CALCULATION UNIT 32 12 3 DISPLAY 33 12 4 OPERATION 33 12 5 POWER SUPPLY 33 12 6 DIMENSIONS 33 12 7 OPERATION CONDITIONS 33 12 8 OPTIONALLY AVAILABLE A...

Page 4: ... 46 17 17 SOLAR IRRADIATION INSOLATION 46 17 18 STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS 46 17 19 CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC 46 17 20 EFFICIENCY 47 17 21 FOUR WIRE MEASUREMENT KELVIN MEASUREMENT 47 18 APPENDIX A 48 18 1 INDICATOR LIGHTS IN THE FRONT PANEL 48 18 2 SPEAKER SIGNALS 48 19 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 49 PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 5: ...as described above Permit other individuals to distribute or redistribute any part of the Software or Files Modify translate reverse engineer decompile disassemble or create derivative works based on the Software or Files Copy the Software or Files rent lease grant a security interest in or otherwise transfer rights to the Software or Files or remove any proprietary notices or labels on the Softwa...

Page 6: ... activities for the operating personnel are necessary The device accepts the input from usual irradiance reference sensors that produce a voltage between 0mV and 100mV which linear depends on the irradiation Phox sensor An additional temperature sensor RTD Pt100 can be connected and attached to the back surface of the module under test for better results Description of the measurement The PVPM aut...

Page 7: ...onnection of the PVPM requires a USB serial interface The required free space on the hard disk before installing PVPM disp is about 5 MB Please be sure later on that there is enough free space on the hard disk before storing measured data Attention For the purpose of data security we would like to point out the importance of saving the database of the program regularly on another data medium so in...

Page 8: ...ther sources can lead to demolition of the device and to danger of life For security reasons only qualified personal must establish the cable connection between the PV generator and the PVPM security switch The measurement should be carried out or accompanied by qualified personal Additional qualifications and laws e g VDE 0100 have to be observed otherwise high currents and voltages involve dange...

Page 9: ...ng a measurement The considerable dc tensions and currents can cause a light arc which may cause fire serious injuries and even death see chapter 4 5 The front panel of the PVPM is rather rough but you should handle it with care anyway To avoid damage of the front panel please take notice of the following hints Do not touch the front panel with a sharp or pointed object This could force scratches ...

Page 10: ...nal PC For an extended evaluation of the measured data or just for controlling the PVPM from a PC you can connect the PC to the PVPM with the delivered USB cable Attach this cable to a free USB port of your PC and to the PC connector of the PVPM Before you can control the PVPM from the PC you will have to 1 install the software PVPMdisp chapter 9 2 install the device driver for the USB port chapte...

Page 11: ...nsor needs several minutes to adapt to the environmental conditions the reference cell firstly should reach the temperature of the module before you can start to measure I V curves with the PVPM see chap 6 10 For this reason the sensor should not be set up far away from the modules e g modules on the roof sensor in the yard Since the solar cells do not react only to the direct irradiation but also...

Page 12: ...ed Grün charge is nearly finished Aus charge is finished Operation time left max 30 minutes Operation is possible Operation is possible Operation is possible External supply Lights up when an external power supply is connected the internal battery will be charged automatically If the LED alternates between green and yellow steadily the battery is trickel charged The PVPM reports several system con...

Page 13: ... will be displayed immediately on the PVPMs display or on the PC Opens sub page for measurement 6 10 1 Start measurement This button activates a single measurement of the I V curve The measurement runs automatically errors will be reported and the results as Ppk Rs and I V curve are displayed on the screen 6 10 2 Archive This button enables you to retrieve data of already made measurements The dat...

Page 14: ...r mode by pressing the Abort button at the PVPM screen 6 10 4 Results The page Results displays the measured voltages currents temperatures etc and calculated values Ppk Rs Rp FF The button Diagram selects the page with the I V curve the button Results displays the results as described above PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 15: ... is in process Error writing file An error occurred storing the measured data Data transfer Quit transfer with ESC Data connection to PC invoked Measurement not yet possible The security delay between two measurements is not yet elapsed Calculation of Rs not possible Data is not sufficient for calculation of Rs Redo the measurement Values not evaluablely Data is not sufficient for calculation Redo...

Page 16: ...ithout harm the two black ones as well Now connect the cables mounted at the switch to the PVPM red to red black to black Before you can make a measurement you have to turn the knob at the switch to one of the 1 positions After the measurement turn the switch again in position 0 Afterwards the wiring at the PVPM can be removed safely Security advice CAUTION Do never forget to switch to 0 before ha...

Page 17: ...ould be in an range of 10 regarding the right angle between sunlight and module surface Very important is a sufficient irradiance to the module and precise alignment of the reference cell towards the module Often the easiest way is to clip the combined sensor directly to the side or top of the frame of the measured module However the sensor may also be installed in some distance to the module if y...

Page 18: ...ace immediately before after that of the I V characteristic the time lag between measurement of characteristic and irradiation should be less than 1ms The measured value of the irradiation reference sensor has to be adjusted with the measured temperature of the reference cell The measurement of the cell temperature has to take place immediately before after the measurement of the characteristic wi...

Page 19: ... Button 4 Now the setup program will be executed Follow the messages on the screen 5 Setup now copies all necessary files to your hard disk and will create a new program group for PVPM disp 6 After completing the installation please execute PVPM disp The program should now work as described in the following text The operation of the program will be professed detailed in chapter 11 For the operatio...

Page 20: ...XP SP1 you should disconnect the internet connection temporary You can connect the network again after finishing the installation This will not be necessary for Windows XP SP2 if this is configured to ask before it connects to Windows Update Connect the PVPM to a free USB port of your PC and switch it on After some seconds the dialogue New hardware found will appear If there is no internet connect...

Page 21: ...files in the combo box e g D CDM 2 02 04 or search for it by pressing the button Browse If the directory is entered click Next to continue If Windows is configured to warn if a not WHQL certified driver is to be installed an warning message will appear now Click to Continue anyway and continue the installation PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 22: ...uccessful Fig 10 5 Click on Finish to finish the installation for the first port of the USB device The hardware assistant may now appear a second time for the installation of a second USB port The installation procedure will be the same as described above for the first port After the installation the new COM port appears in the device manager Figure 10 6 PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering...

Page 23: ...g the CDM driver The driver can be removed using the Windows device manager select the device in the list of devices with the right mouse key and select Uninstall This will delete the entries for this device from registry PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 24: ...he displayed results The function Export lets you export the data to different file formats for further evaluation in other software Buttons are grayed out when they are not active They change to normal state when this function is meaningful 11 1 Main Menu File 11 1 1 Open I V curves saved to disk before can be reloaded using the Open button The loaded data will overwrite the data in memory If you...

Page 25: ... several different file formats which can be read by other programs e g spread sheet programs You can use formats XLS Microsoft Excel DBF dBase III and three different ASCII formats For the selection of the right format please consult the manual of the destination program The files can contain either pure measuring data I V measuring points temperature and irradiation or the results of computation...

Page 26: ...andard dialogue Printer Settings Select the desired printer settings here 11 1 7 Quit Program Here you finish the program PVPM disp The current data are not saved automatically but you will get an warning that your data should be saved before closing the program Don t forget Finish Transfer on the PVPM when you close PVPM disp Quit PVPM disp always using one of the functions Quit program the butto...

Page 27: ...e with the PCs time setting Now the measurement data stored on PVPM will be displayed in a list the PVPM has to be connected and online for this function Now you can select data sets from the list even more than one and either transfer it to the PC for further processing Button Get data or just delete it from the PVPM Button Delete data You can set the destination directory with a directory dialog...

Page 28: ...our changes will be discarded 11 3 5 Calculate internal series resistor Basing on the nominal values of short circuit current open circuit voltage and the I and V value of the MPP the PVPM can calculate the effective solar cell curve and with this the expected internal series resistance Rs This theoretical value can be compared to the actually measured value and give a hint whether there are probl...

Page 29: ... dialogs and for the automatically saving of files Select here the directory which contains your measured data or to which the measured data should be saved to This listing is used also during the automatic data storage data transfer of PVPM or continuous measurement The entry field has a button at its right side Press this button to display a directory selection dialog 11 3 7 3 Dialogue language ...

Page 30: ...ain if the file is now stored to disk again Into the field remark you can write your notes These are stored along with measured data The first line of the remarks is used as title of the diagram With the button Clipb you can copy important data in a tabular form to the clipboard and then for example into MS Excel So you can easily setup a table of different measurements and compare them using a so...

Page 31: ...not 11 4 1 5 Zoom on off button Zoom max The Y scaling is changed in such a way that the diagram uses the complete Y axis 11 4 1 6 Legend on off button Legend A legend of the displayed graphs can be displayed optionally Here you can switch the display of the legend on or off 11 4 1 7 Copy to clipboard button Clipboard Copies the actual diagram to the clipboard you can enter this copy for example i...

Page 32: ...g KFV40 Pin 1 Current source 1 mA Pin 2 Pt100 Pin 3 Pt100 Pin 4 Current source 1 mA Irradiance 8 pin female chassis socket Lumberg KFV81 plug SV81 Pin 1 Irradiance Pin 2 Pt1000 reference Pin 3 Irradiance Pin 4 Current source 1 mA Pin 5 Current source 1 mA Pin 6 do not connect Pin 7 do not connect Pin 8 Pt1000 reference Measuring ranges of the PVPM Voltage V Current A Temperature Irradiance PVPM100...

Page 33: ...ortation tests compliant UN 38 3 PSE RCM External power supply wide range input 90 263Vac 47 63Hz 40W Out 16Vdc Integrated battery charger with overload protection for battery Display of battery state with LEDs at the front panel 12 6 Dimensions Width 40 6cm height 17 5cm depth 33cm weight 8kg 12 7 Operation Conditions Temperature Humidity Operation 0 C to 50 C 10 to 90 not condensing Storage 10 C...

Page 34: ... cell operating temperature at TambN and EN P Power Pmax Recent maximum power of a solar cell Ppk Peak Power maximum power of the solar cell at STC PV Photovoltaic R Resistance Rpv Photovoltaic resistance calculation factor only no real resistor Rs Series internal resistance apart from resistances in the module e g cable plug resistance intrinsic resistance of crystalline modules about 0 5 ohms of...

Page 35: ...roblems corrosion discoloring Optical check Hailstorm mounting or transportation fault replacement by supplier Break of single cells in module Peak power too low possibly deformation of I V curve material defective replacement by supplier Improper electrical connections in module Peak power too low internal series resistance Rs higher than calculated Fault in soldering material defective corrosion...

Page 36: ...ner Andreas Photovoltaik Engineering Handbuch für Planung Entwicklung und Anwendung Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2005 fig Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W m2 and different irradiations fig Current voltage characteristics with an irradiation of 1000W m2 and different cell temperatures fig Construction of the module characteristic from the cell characteristi...

Page 37: ...shaded cell fig Solar cell characteristic of a polycrystalline cell over the whole voltage range with different shading degrees E0 1000W m2 T 300K fig Construction of the module characteristic of the module SM50 with a 75 shaded cell E 407W m2 T 300k PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 38: ...ell completely covered with bypass diode over the cell 3 with bypass diodes over half cell string 4 without bypass diode fig Simulation of different module characteristics with bypass diodes over a different number of cells E 1000W m2 T 300K PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 39: ...ls with two bypass diodes over in each case 18 cells A cell was differently shaded the others was fully illuminated E 574W m2 T 300K fig Module characteristics of the module SM50 without bypass diodes first cell differently shadows shading degree of SZI 0 1 E 407W m2 T 300K PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 40: ...I U diagram Explanation Page 40 fig Resulting characteristic during series connection with bypass diode PVPM 1000X 1040X User Manual PV Engineering GmbH ...

Page 41: ...ng 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 V Volt I Ampere Measured characteristic Result without errors 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 V Volt I Ampere Shading and match losses 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 V Volt I A m p e re Comparisoncurve Characteristic with errors ...

Page 42: ... Volt I Ampere Reference characteristic Measured characteristic Monocrystalline Amorphous 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 16 0 V Volt I A m p e re Monocrystalline Module aSi Module Comparison characteristic Small R e g match loss p 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 0 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 V Volt I Ampere Measured characteristic ...

Page 43: ... due toshading 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 V Volt I A m p e re Characteristic without shading Characteristic with 2 shaded regions Comparison curve Partly shading 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 20 0 25 0 V Volt I A m pere Characteristic with errors ...

Page 44: ...and angle of setting up correspond to the geographical latitude of a location Freiburg is located on the 48 degree of latitude Lübeck on the 54 degree of latitude Since the sun stands higher in the summer than in the winter it depends on in which time of the year the solar equipment is predominantly being used Photovoltaic plants for example carry the highest yield on long summer days while therma...

Page 45: ... of 1000W m and a spectrum of light according to AM 1 5 and named Peak Power some producers also characterize it as nominal value The boundary conditions are called Standard Test Conditions STC Unfortunately the natural appearance of the STC is rare that is why the relevant measurements so far were only realized in laboratories where the conditions had to be produced under high effort With the new...

Page 46: ...from the sun and divers indirect proportions Those are radiation reflected by the environment e g snowfields reflect very intensive the radiation of the blue sky and other diffuse radiation For the exact calculation of the energy that hits a surface the angle between the sunlight and the surface is decisive It changes according to time of year and time of the day Informations about the exact calcu...

Page 47: ...p due to the specific resistance of the conductor This interrelationship is known as Ohm s law R V I The voltage at the end of the wire is lower as at the beginning of the wire the point of measurement To get the exact voltage at the point of measurement anyway the four wire method is used here the current flows through two of the four wires where the input resistance of the measurement device is ...

Page 48: ...f errors Consider which error the device shows on display dee If this signal is given with the first appearance of the main menu the device is ready for operation Device is ready da or da da Shortly after switching on CPU Is working da or da da followed by da da Shortly after switching on probably the lithium buffer batttery of the CPU is empty Customer service necessary dee dee da da The LC displ...

Page 49: ... verwendet wird und den Anforderungen der EG Richtlinien to which this declaration refers to are exclusively used for the measurement of the I V curve of PV modules or strings and are in conformity with the directive s Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2006 95 EG EMV Richtlinie 2004 108 EG entspricht Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use EN 61010 1 EN 61000 3 2 ...

Page 50: ...d und den Anforderungen der EG Richtlinien to which this declaration refers to are exclusively used for the measurement of the I V curve of PV modules or strings and are in conformity with the directive s Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2006 95 EG EMV Richtlinie 2004 108 EG entspricht Folgende harmonisierte Normen wurden angewandt The following standards are in use EN 61010 1 EN 61000 3 2 EN 61000 3 3 E...

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