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Protek 9216A User Manual Download Page 46

 

 

15 

Necessary Equipment: 

Item 

Critical Specifications 

Recommended Model 

Analog Oscilloscope with 

 10, 

10MHz probes 

100MHz Bandwidth 

Tektronix 2445 

24.9 

 Resistor 

0.1% 

Dale CMF55 or equivalent 

402 

 Resistor 

0.1% 

Dale CMF55 or equivalent 

6.34 k

 Resistor 

0.1% 

Dale CMF55 or equivalent 

100.0 

 Resistor 

0.1% 

Dale CMF55 or equivalent 

22 nF Capacitor 

1% NPO 

Murata Erie RPE series or equiv-
alent 

Front Panel Test 

This test verifies the front panel display digits, LEDs, and keypad. 

1.  Turn on the unit while holding down the 

DISP

 key.  A single segment in the third 

digit of the left display should be on. 

2.  Press the down arrow key 

 to light each segment (seven total) and the decimal 

for the third and fourth digits of the left display, for a total of 16 segments.  Only 
one segment or decimal point should be on at a time.  (Pressing the up arrow key 

 will step backward through the pattern.) 

3.  Press the down arrow key 

 again (17th time) to light all the segments of all 12 

digits.  The AUTO LED will also be on. 

4.  Press the down arrow key 

 repeatedly to light the 25 LEDs in the display and the 

26 LEDs on the keypad.  The LEDs turn on one at a time, from top to bottom and 
left to right, first for the display, and then for the keypad.  Only one LED should be 
on at a time. 

5.  After all of the LEDs have been tested, further pressing of the front panel keys will 

display  the  key  code  associated  with  each  key.    Each  key  has  a  different  key 
code, starting with 01 at the upper left, and increasing from top to bottom then left 
to right. 

6.  The unit must be switched off to leave this mode. 

Self Tests 

The internal self tests verify the functionality of the 9216A.  Turn on the unit.  The ROM 
program and model name will be displayed for about three seconds.  Next the message 
"tESt....' will be displayed while the unit performs its self tests.  After the tests are com-
pleted the unit should display 'tESt PASS' to indicate that the tests were successful.  If not, 
an error message will appear.  See the TROUBLESHOOTING section for a description of 
the error messages. 

Output Voltage 

This test checks the 9216A output voltage for the correct frequency and amplitude. 

Summary of Contents for 9216A

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...PROTEK 9216A Digital LCR Meter User s Manual Volume 1 Basic Operation Rev 3 0 ...

Page 3: ...ment Modes and the Mode Selection Keys 9 Alphanumeric Displays and Parameter Indicators 9 Programming and Operator Interface Keys 10 Rear Panel Components 12 Specifications 13 Display 13 Test Conditions 13 Accuracy 13 Features and Options 14 General Features 14 Options 15 Basic Operations 16 Operation of the LCR Meter For the First Time 16 Unpacking and Inspection 16 Installation 16 Startup Proced...

Page 4: ...ring and Recalling Custom Setups 20 Measurement Mode 20 Frequency 20 Drive Voltage 21 Bias 22 Measurement Rate 24 Settling Time 25 Triggering 25 Store and Recall 26 Range 26 Series and Parallel Equivalent Circuits 29 Display Types 29 ...

Page 5: ...center designated by PROTEK with shipping charges prepaid PROTEK shall pay for the return of the product to customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the PROTEK service center is located The customer shall be responsible or paying all shipping charges duties taxes and any other charges for products returned to any other locations This warranty shall not apply to any def...

Page 6: ... making connections to the input or output terminal of the product ensure that the product is properly grounded Do Not Operate Without Cover To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not operate this product with covers or panels removed Use Proper Fuse To avoid fire hazard use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product Do Not Operate in Wet Damp Conditions To avoid electric shock do...

Page 7: ...ts Refer to the following table for the correct operating voltage ranges for this LCR meter Check the line voltage prior to connecting to the power source and verify that it is within a voltage range listed below Rating Operating Voltage Range AC 115 V AC 98 V 132 V AC 230 V AC 196 253 V If the LCR meter is to be used at a voltage other than 230V AC the operating voltage may be changed by the foll...

Page 8: ...nt panel controls are in uppercase and boldface print The case of each name used in the manual is the same Initial Capitals or UPPERCASE as that used on the instrument itself Instruction steps are numbered 1 2 3 unless there is only one step When steps require that you make a sequence of selections using front panel controls and keys an arrow is used in the text to indicate an LED result when a fr...

Page 9: ...nd keys on the right side are described Fixture Inputs The input terminals labeled IL PL PH and IH connect the test fixture or adapter to the instrument as discussed in the section in Chapter 3 on Connecting a Component Two of the terminals provide a current source to the component under test and the other two terminals provide a high impedance connection to measure the voltage across the device T...

Page 10: ...ive value it is capacitive L Q In this mode the series or parallel equivalent inductance value of a component under test is displayed on the main parameter display units in units of µH mH or H and its dimensionless Q value is displayed on the secondary parameter display C D In this mode the series or parallel equivalent capacitance value of a component under test is displayed on the main parameter...

Page 11: ... programming test conditions and for general operator interface These keys are grouped according to function and some groups have LED indicators associated with them show which option has been selected Frequency The 9216A has five selectable fixed frequencies with an accuracy to 100ppm 0 01 100Hz 120Hz 1kHz 10kHz or 100 kHz may be selected by pressing the up down keys on the front panel keypad unt...

Page 12: ...ter values BINS Selects the bin number when Binning is enabled Note Certain displays are not available unless data has been entered For example DEV and DEV are not available unless a nominal value has already been entered Also BINS is not available unless binning data has previously been entered Backspace key used for correcting mistakes when entering numeric data This key also serves as the Local...

Page 13: ...housing 2 POWER SWITCH Turns the meter on and off 3 EXTERNAL BIAS INPUT Two banana plugs are used to input an external bias voltage The bias supply voltage must be floating and well filtered Neither input connector can be referenced to ground 4 EXTERNAL BIAS FUSE Protects external bias circuit from currents greater than 250 mA 5 RS232 DB25 This connector allows the meter to communicate as a DCE da...

Page 14: ...Drive Voltage Preset Levels 0 10 0 25 and 1 0 Vrms Vernier 0 1 to 1 0 Vrms with 50 mV resolution Drive level accuracy 2 Measurement Rates a Slow 2 meas sec Medium 10 meas sec or Fast 20 meas sec for test frequencies of 1 kHz and above b Approx 0 6 2 4 or 6 measurements per second at 100 Hz and 120 Hz Ranging Auto or Manual Triggering Continuous Manual or Remote over RS232 or Handler Interface Bias...

Page 15: ... output current for biased measurement Zeroing Open and short circuit compensation Compensation Limits short circuit R 20 Z 50 open circuit Z 10k Binning Up to 8 Pass Bins QDR and General Fail Bins all defined by the front panel or computer interface Binning setups may be stored in nonvolatile memory Self Test Tests the ROM CPU nonvolatile RAM clock generator A D converter internal bias multiplier...

Page 16: ...e signal lines for binning instrument status and input trigger Note option consists of both interfaces Kelvin clips Provides connection to devices that are not easily accommodated by the test fixture Polarity is indicated for biased measurements SMD Tweezers Provides connection to surface mount components BNC fixture adapter Connects remote fixtures or devices to the 9216A ...

Page 17: ...t up the test conditions and the proper use of the test fixture you have chosen to use with your meter Unpacking and Inspection After unpacking the 9216A LCR Meter verify that all parts are included and have not been damaged during transportation Retain the packing materials Packing Contents 9216A LCR Meter Radial Fixture Power Cord User Manuals Installation To properly install and power on the me...

Page 18: ...ents Fixture Options On the front panel of the instrument there are four BNC connectors designated IL PL PH IH In what is known as a 4 wire Kelvin connection two of these terminals provide current to and from the device under test and two of the terminals sense the potential voltage across the device Separate wires are used for sensing the voltage so to minimize the effect of the current in the se...

Page 19: ...ng a wire in the fixture thereby shorting the fixture s terminals that is between 26 to 16 AWG 0 02 to 0 05 or 0 51 to 1 30 mm dia The calibration proceeds automatically after the user presses the ENTER key and moves hands and any miscellaneous objects away from the fixture When the short circuit calibration is finished the meter prompts the user for the next operation by displaying the message oP...

Page 20: ... meter to have the default setup values as listed in the table below Note All user calibration settings and values will be lost To prevent the user calibration settings from being destroyed after turning on the meter without pressing the backspace key press RCL 0 ENTER This key sequence will reset the meter to the default settings listed in the table below without affecting user entered calibratio...

Page 21: ...vice under test is inductive If Q has a negative value it is capacitive L Q In this mode the series or parallel equivalent inductance value of a component under test is displayed on the main parameter display units in units of µH mH or H and its dimensionless Q value is displayed on the secondary parameter display C D In this mode the series or parallel equivalent capacitance value of a component ...

Page 22: ...rement range unless the unit is in the constant voltage mode In the constant voltage mode the source impedance is always 25 See the section on Range for determining which measurement range the meter is using Figure 3 1 shows the voltage across the Device Under Test DUT vs the DUT impedance for the different measurement ranges The values are normalized to a 1 0 V output drive setting for different ...

Page 23: ...sult in the destruction of the component under test and possibility injury Beware that capacitors can hold their charge for a long time if removed from the fixture without discharging the DC bias voltage Warning Care must be taken to discharge the capacitor after making measurements especially when using a high external bias voltage Failing to discharge the device can result in damage to the devic...

Page 24: ... to ground and must be current limited to less than 250mA A linear supply is recommended instead of a switching supply The supply should be well filtered to remove ripple from the bias voltage Connections to the bias supply are made on the rear panel with two banana jacks The red jack is the positive side of the supply and the black the negative There is an internal diode within the unit to preven...

Page 25: ...lculated from the following equation Tmeas Ts Ni f Tdi Trs Td Nm Tcalc where Ts settling time Ni number of test frequency cycles used in the measurement f test frequency Tdi deintegration time Trs resync time Td delay time Nm number of submeasurements per measurement and Tcalc calculation time Tdi Td and Tcalc are constants while Trs and f are set by the measurement frequency Ni and Nm are determi...

Page 26: ...to debounce The settling time is set in 1ms intervals from 2 to 99 ms To set the settling time 1 Press the CAL key until the settle message appears in the left alphanumeric display and the present settling time in the right display 2 Enter the new settling time value from 2 to 99 3 Press the ENTER key If an illegal value is entered the meter will beep and display range error Triggering The 9216A c...

Page 27: ... error message appears when recalling a setup the stored setup was lost and must be re entered Range The meter has four measurement ranges designated by the numbers 0 to 3 The range may be selected manually or the meter cans auto range Table 3 4 specifies the impedance ranges for each of the measurement ranges Each of the four ranges has a source impedance of approximately the mid scale impedance ...

Page 28: ...h time a range changes occurs This can be annoying if there are no parts in the fixture and the meter is continuously triggering since an empty fixture appears as a very large nearly infinite impedance The meter will auto range to range 0 range 1 for 100 kHz and then auto range back to the appropriate range when a part is inserted in the fixture Range holding is helpful if measurement speed is a c...

Page 29: ...ges when using the constant voltage mode Under certain conditions the over load message will be displayed This normally occurs when the unit is in the constant voltage mode with the range hold on To correct this simply change to a higher impedance range or use auto ranging Table 3 6 Measurement and Impedance Ranges for Constant Voltage Mode Range Source R Resistance Inductance Capacitance 3 25 0 1...

Page 30: ...series equivalent circuit Manufacturers often specify which representation should be used when testing their devices Figure 3 2 Series and Parallel Equivalent Circuits Table 3 8 Quality Factors for Equivalent Circuits Component Equivalent Circuit Q Inductor Series L R Parallel Rp Lp Capacitor Series 1 CR Parallel CpRp Display Types The DISP key can select one of five different types of displays A ...

Page 31: ...alue 4 Enter a new nominal value using the numeric keypad 5 Press the appropriate enter key Q µH pF k mH nF or M H µF DEV In this mode the meter displays the difference between the currently measured component value and a previously entered value as a percentage It is also not available in the AUTO mode or if no nominal value has been previously been entered ENTRY In the ENTRY display mode the use...

Page 32: ...and Measurements 4 Definitions of Resistive and Reactive Parameters 4 Component Categories 4 Units 5 Series and Parallel Equivalent Circuits 5 Quality Factors 6 Accuracy and Calibration 8 Accuracy Specifications 8 General Accuracy Equation 8 Accuracy Equations for Specific Measurement Modes 10 R Q Accuracy 10 ...

Page 33: ...acy 17 Amplitude Accuracy 17 Impedance Accuracy 18 Calibration Procedures 20 Introduction 20 Calibration Enable 20 Calbytes 21 Necessary Equipment and Conditions 22 Amplitude Calibration 22 Frequency Calibration 23 Standard Resistor Calibration 24 Remote Control of the LCR Meter 26 Using the Interfaces 26 RS232 Interface 26 The RS232 Interface Standard 26 Setting Up to Use the RS 232 Interface 27 ...

Page 34: ...s for Pass Bins 0 to 7 36 Values for Fail Bins 8 and 9 36 Enable Binning 37 Using a Worksheet and Reusing Setups 37 Summary of Binning Setups 38 Pass Fail Setup 38 Nested or Overlapping Bins 38 Sequential Bins 38 Troubleshooting 39 General Problems 39 Nothing Happens at Turn on 39 Reset Procedure 39 Internal Fuse Check 39 External Bias Fuse Check 39 Error Messages 40 Operational Errors 40 Self tes...

Page 35: ... I e I i i 2b where 1 j 2 f and v and i are symbols for phases of the voltage and cur rent relative to the frequency f The impedance of a circuit component is defined as the complex number Z in ohms that gives the ratio of the voltage across the component to the current in the component i v i v j t j t j e I V e I e V t I t V Z Z 3 Component Categories From equation 3 we observe that if the phases...

Page 36: ...r Since the quantity X is traceable to the ratio of a voltage to a current it is expressed in ohms Often it is desira ble to express the impedance in ohms as a scalar real quantity in that case its magnitude 2 2 X R Z is used Units The unit of resistance is the ohm with the symbol omega A 1 resistor produces a one volt voltage across it when the current is one ampere The unit of inductance is the ...

Page 37: ...Q L R 11a By equating 8a and 8b the series equivalent circuit parameters R and L can be ex pressed in terms of the parallel parameters Rp and Lp When that is done and substituted in equation 10a we find that the quality factor also is written Q Rp Lp 11b While the concept of the quality factor was originally applied to inductors it may be extended so that the efficiency of energy storage in a capa...

Page 38: ...nts can be expressed in terms of its parallel equivalent circuit components as 2 1 Q R R p 2 2 1 Q L Q L p 13b The impedance of a capacitor in terms of the quality factor is j D C jQ R C j R Z 1 1 1 14a and the capacitor s series equivalent circuit components can be expressed in terms of its parallel equivalent circuit components as 2 1 Q R R p p C D C 2 1 14b ...

Page 39: ...trument accuracy can be determined from graphs given below Additional factors affecting the accuracy are re lated to the measurement conditions and the impedance of the DUT From these the accuracy of a particular measurement in its optimal range is calculated See below for the effects on measurements made out of an optimal range The basic equation for impedance accuracy equation is given by Accura...

Page 40: ...ation Time Accuracy Factor Ki Meas Rate Frequency Zm Ki Slow Medium All All 1 Fast 100 Hz to 1 kHz 6 25 Zm 400 k 3 All other 2 Table 2 2 Drive Voltage Error Factor Kv Vout Vrms Kv 0 55 to 1 0 1 Vout 0 3 to 0 5 0 5 Vout 0 15 to 0 25 0 25 Vout 0 10 0 11 Vout ...

Page 41: ...enrys For convenience Figure 2 1 is redrawn in Figure 2 2 with lines of constant inductance superimposed Also Table 2 3 is recreated for inductive impedances as Table 2 4 Note from Table 2 4 that the range error factor Kl is negligible for inductances above 15 9 f H and Kh is negligible for inductances below 159 f H The accuracy of the inductance measurement is calculated from equation 1 above wit...

Page 42: ...e accuracy of the capacitance measurement is calculated from equation 1 above with the additional stipulation that if the measured D has a value less than 0 1 then the basic capacitance accuracy factor should be multiplied by the factor 1 D Let the basic capacitance accuracy factor be denoted Ac Then the accuracy of the D calculation is given by Accuracy of D Ac 100 3 Note that the accuracy of D i...

Page 43: ...edance is interpreted to be 1 2 f C where f is the test frequency in Hz and C is the capacitance in Farads For convenience Figure 2 1 is redrawn in Figure 2 3 above with lines of constant capacitance superimposed Also Table 2 3 is recreated for capacitive impedances in the C R measurement mode as Table 2 6 Note from Ta ble 2 6 that the range error factor Kl is negligible for capacitances below 159...

Page 44: ...culated from the impedance accuracy as follows Accuracy of C in Az 1 D 6 Accuracy of R in Az 1 1 D 7 Accuracy When Holding a Nonoptimal Range When a component is measured outside of its nominal range in range hold the accura cy of the measurement is reduced The nominal ranges are defined as approximately four times above and below the nominal impedance value Range Nominal Impedance Range R3 6 25 t...

Page 45: ...ve Measurements Cl Kl Cm Ch Kh Cm Frequency R3 R2 R1 R0 R3 R2 R1 R0 100 120 Hz 4 nF 240 pF 16 pF 2 pF 1600 mF 80 mF 6 7 mF 400 F 1 kHz 400 pF 24 pF 1 6 pF 0 1 pF 160 mF 8 mF 670 F 40 F 10 kHz 40 pF 2 4 pF 0 16 pF 0 01 pF 16 mF 800 F 40 F 2 6 F 100 kHz 8 pF 2 4 pF 0 02 pF 200 F 80 F 4 F Verification of Meter Performance The performance verification procedures in this section test and verify the per...

Page 46: ... The AUTO LED will also be on 4 Press the down arrow key repeatedly to light the 25 LEDs in the display and the 26 LEDs on the keypad The LEDs turn on one at a time from top to bottom and left to right first for the display and then for the keypad Only one LED should be on at a time 5 After all of the LEDs have been tested further pressing of the front panel keys will display the key code associat...

Page 47: ...e used See Volume 1 for details on these null calibrations 3 Set the unit to the R Q measurement mode series equivalent circuit and 1 kHz test frequency Install the 24 9 resistor 4 Verify that the meter reads the resistance correctly to within 0 15 Verify that Q is a small value about 0 0001 or smaller Install the 402 resistor Verify that the meter reads the resistance correctly to within 0 15 Ver...

Page 48: ... warm up time and a temperature in the range of 23 C 5 C Frequency Accuracy This test measures the accuracy of the different output frequencies They should be with in 0 01 100 ppm of the nominal value 1 Set the Z 9216 to its default conditions by pressing the key sequence RCL 0 EN TER Set the unit to constant voltage mode 1 kHz test frequency and remove any part from the fixture 2 Install the BNC ...

Page 49: ...imits will have to be adjusted Resistance Accuracy 1 Connect the Fixture Adapter to the 9216A Install a BNC to stacking banana plug adapter on the end of each BNC cable Tape over or cut off the ground leads of the plugs connected to the orange PH and purple PL cables Connect the ground leads of the red IH and blue IL cables to the case ground of the decade box Plug the orange and purple signal lea...

Page 50: ... Accuracy 1 Connect the adapter ground leads of IH and IL to ground terminal of the decade capacitor Connect the IH and PH leads to the terminal of the decade capaci tor Connect the IL and PL leads to the terminal of the decade capacitor box Set the 9216A to its default conditions by pressing the key sequence RCL 0 EN TER then select the R Q measurement mode and the 1 kHz test frequency 2 Unplug t...

Page 51: ...ances of the test fixture These Calibrations may be performed at any time and should be done whenever the fixture is changed The standard resistor calibration sets the accuracy of the 9216A since it allows the LCR meter to determine the values of its internal standard resistors Standard resistor Calibration need only be performed periodically to account for component aging and drift Amplitude cali...

Page 52: ... are organized as shown in Table 2 10 The 120 floating point frequency correction reference resistor values and open and short cir cuit calbyte values whose organization is given in Table 2 11 are automatically determined by the 9216A s calibration subroutine These calbytes cannot be directly changed from the front panel but they may be changed via the computer interfaces Table 2 10 Organization o...

Page 53: ...de a warm up time of at least 30 minutes and an ambi ent temperature of 23 C 2 C Amplitude Calibration This procedure calibrates the output amplitude at the different frequencies and output voltages To adjust the calbytes press the CAL key until the message cl I appears in the display where I is an integer The present value of that calbyte will appear in the right display The and frequency keys st...

Page 54: ...0 0 900 0 950 1 000 0 098 0 102 0 147 0 153 0 196 0 204 0 245 0 255 0 294 0 306 0 343 0 357 0 392 0 408 0 441 0 459 0 490 0 510 0 539 0 561 0 588 0 612 0 637 0 663 0 686 0 714 0 735 0 765 0 784 0 816 0 833 0 867 0 882 0 918 0 931 0 969 0 980 1 020 Frequency Calibration This procedure measures the accuracy of the 9216A clock The exact clock frequency is used in calculating capacitance and inductanc...

Page 55: ... the action listed Two different parameters must be set r Std standard resistor resistance value and q Std Q of the standard resistor Resistance values are entered using the k and M keys and Q is entered in ppm Negative Q s denote capacitive resistors and positive Q s denote inductive ones The different actions are StArt cAI start cal Fctry cAL facto ry cal and quit cAL quit cal These activities w...

Page 56: ...uivalent for the two larger ones R should remain relatively constant and Q should scale with frequency i e Q at 10kHz is 10 Q at 1 kHz If any of the values are too far from the nominal values recali brate that range 7 Before making measurements run open and short circuit calibration with the fix ture configuration to be used ...

Page 57: ...propriate flow control line is first asserted changed from 0 to 1 The RS232 Interface Standard The RS232 interface specifies a 9 pin connector as the interface in data communications networks a 9 pin D SUB male connector at the DTE data terminal equipment and a 9 pin D SUB female connector at the DCE data communications equipment with the pins designated as shown in Table 3 1 The most common RS232...

Page 58: ...orts the CTS DTR hardware handshaking discussed above The CTS signal pin 8 is an output of the meter indicating that the 9216A is ready while the DTR signal pin 4 is an input to the meter that is used to control the 9216A transmissions If desired the handshake pins may be ignored and a simple three wire interface pins 2 3 and 5 may be used Before communicating with the 9216A the RS232 characterist...

Page 59: ...mands The 9216A has a 256 character input buffer and processes commands in the order received If the buffer fills up the 9216A will to hold off handshaking on RS232 If the buffer overflows the buffer will be cleared and an error reported The output buffer may be cleared by using the Device Clear universal command The present value of a particular parameter may be determined by querying the 9216A f...

Page 60: ... mode on i 1 or off i 0 Set query drive frequency to 100 Hz 0 120 Hz 1 1 kHz 2 or 100 kHz 4 Set query measurement mode to continuous i 0 or triggered i 1 Set query number of measurements to be averaged from i 2 to i 10 Set query parameter mode to Auto 0 R Q 1 L Q 2 C D 3 or C R 4 Set query measurement rate to Fast 0 Medium 1 or Slow 2 Set query meas range to 100 k 0 6 4 k 1 400 2 or 25 3 Set query...

Page 61: ...A has three front panel status LEDs that provide positive indication of commands and communications to help verify opera tions during the development of control programs The ACT LED flashes whenever a character is received or sent over either interface The ERR LED flashes when an error has been detected such as an illegal command or parameter out of range The REM LED is lit whenever the 9216A is i...

Page 62: ... to perform a measurement 1 Not used 2 Not used 3 LCR An unmasked bit in the LCR status register has been set 4 ESB An unmasked bit in the standard status byte has been set 5 RQS MSS SRQ Service Request bit 6 No command There are no unexecuted commands in the input queue Standard Event bit name usage 0 OPC Set by the OPC command when all measurements are complete 1 Not used 2 Query Error Set on ou...

Page 63: ...verloaded 3 Under range Set when a measurement is below the nominal range of values for the present range 4 Over range Set when a measurement is below the nominal range of values for the present range 5 Out of Range Set when the unit is unable to make a valid measurement on the current range 6 Not used 7 mem err The stored settings were invalid on power up ...

Page 64: ...ifferent types of binning schemes are supported by the 9216A Pass Fail Over lapping and Sequential Pass Fail has only two bins good parts and all others Overlapping nested bins have one nominal value and are sorted in progressively larger bins for example 1 2 3 etc Sequential bins can have different nominal val ues each separated by a percentage for example 0 9 nom 0 95 nom 1 0 nom 1 05 nom with 5...

Page 65: ...into any other bin Figure 4 2 illustrates this example of sequential bins with different nominal values Sequential Bins With a Single Nominal Value Suppose that the batch of nominally 100 resistors is to be sorted according to tolerance as in the first example but with the ability to distinguish between the low and high values Then the bins can be set up to have the same nominal values with each b...

Page 66: ...nto gaps between bins are assigned to the general failure bin Bin 9 If on ly one limit of a pair is entered the limits will be assumed to be a symmetric pair X where X is the entered limit value Unused bins should be closed assigned 0 limits After bin clear or RCL 0 all bins are closed Parts that would fall into both the general failure bin Bin 9 and the QDR failure bin Bin 8 are assigned to the Q...

Page 67: ... displayed Note that a nominal value does not have to be entered for each bin If a bin does not have a nominal value it will use the one from the bin below it Limits for Pass Bins 0 to 7 To enter the limits press the LIM key The display will show the present upper limit value or if no limit was given previously The LIM LED below the display will turn on En ter the limit value in percent using the ...

Page 68: ...a ble 4 2 Also be sure to save setups that are used often Certain setups can be edited for example one percent resistors using the same nominal value a different value of re sistance can be sorted by simply changing the nominal value if the only nominal value entered was for Bin 0 For this reason it is often better to enter sequential binning data with a single nominal value and different percenta...

Page 69: ...ll other bins are closed Parts that pass fall into one of the pass bins Parts that fail the QDR test fall in Bin 8 and parts that fall into no other bin fall into Bin 9 Sequential Bins For sequential bins with a single nominal value follow the same procedure as for nested bins mentioned above For sequential bins with multiple nominal values enter the nominal value and limits for each open bin If t...

Page 70: ...rnal Fuse Check If the unit powers on correctly but makes unstable or wildly inaccurate readings the inter nal fuse may be blown This can also cause the unit to fail the self test Out Err3 To change this fuse the top of the unit must be removed To do this first turn off and unplug the unit Next remove the four screws located on the bottom at the comers of the unit Place the unit right side up on i...

Page 71: ...rror An error in a floating point math routine occurred F R Error Frequency Range incompatibility The 100k range may not be used with the 100 kHz drive frequency Over Load The 9216A input is overloaded This can happen transiently as parts are changed or if a part with too small an impedance is measured on the constant drive voltage setting Over Range The impedance is beyond the 9216A measurement a...

Page 72: ...g the failure point i error 0 100 Hz amplitude failure 1 120 Hz amplitude failure 2 1 kHz amplitude failure 3 10 kHz amplitude failure 4 100 kHz amplitude failure 5 0 25 V amplitude attenuator failure 6 0 1 V attenuator failure Freq Error i 5 The frequency clock generator failed its test i is an error code indicating the failure point i error 0 100 Hz failure 1 120 Hz failure 2 1 kHz failure 3 10 ...

Page 73: ...is too small The 9216A expects the impedance to be 10 k at all frequencies and ranges Make sure that there are no parts in the fixture during open circuit calibration Also keep hands and other objects away from the fixture during calibration Cal Error 4 Standard resistor calibration error The 9216A expects that standard resistor calibration will not change the value of the in ternal resistors by m...

Page 74: ...43 9216A TEST PERFORMANCE RECORD Serial Date Tested by Equipment used ...

Page 75: ...z 1 kHz 999 90 Hz 1000 1 Hz 10 kHz 9999 0 Hz 10001 0 Hz 100 kHz 99990 0 Hz 100010 0 Hz AMPLITUDE ACCURACY Amplitude Frequency Minimum Actual Maximum 1 0 Vrms 1 kHz 0 98 Vrms 1 02 Vrms 1 0 Vrms 100 Hz 0 98 Vrms 1 02 Vrms 1 0 Vrms 120 Hz 0 98 Vrms 1 02 Vrms 1 0 Vrms 10 kHz 0 98 Vrms 1 02 Vrms 1 0 Vrms 100 kHz 0 98 Vrms 1 02 Vrms 0 25 Vrms 1 kHz 0 245 Vrms 0 255 Vrms 0 1 Vrms 1 kHz 0 098 Vrms 0 102 V...

Page 76: ...k 1 100 kHz parallel 25 0000 k 1 1 kHz parallel 25 0000 k 0 1 kHz parallel 100 0000 k 0 1 kHz parallel 100 0000 k 0 10 kHz parallel 400 0000 k 0 1 kHz parallel If the Q value is greater than 0 1 the allowed tolerance must be multiplied by 1 Q CAPACITANCE ACCURACY Capacitance Frequency Range Value Pass Fail 1 0 nF 1 kHz 0 1 0 nF 10 kHz 1 1 0 nF 100 kHz 2 10 0 nF 100 Hz 0 10 0 nF 1 kHz 1 10 0 nF 10 ...

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