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noise benefits of balanced operation are not accompanied by the degradation of more
semiconductors in the gain path.

The input of the amplifier is flexible and can also be operated with unbalanced sources.  The
input system will exhibit full common mode noise rejection with passive balanced sources,
where the negative input is connected to ground at the source through the appropriate source
impedance.  This allows adaptation of unbalanced sources to balanced operation with passive
cable connections in a manner that achieves the noise rejection of active balanced sources.
Pin 1 of the XLR input connector is ground, pin 2 is the positive input, and pin 3 is the
negative input.

The Aleph 1.2 is shipped with a shorting plug between pins 1 and 3 of the input XLR
connector.  This shorting plug sets the gain of the amplifier to 26 dB when you are using the
RCA unbalanced input.  Removal of this plug will set the gain to 20 dB.  Needless to say, you
will remove this plug when using the balanced input.  There is no penalty for not using this
plug with unbalanced operation, and if you have particularly efficient loudspeakers, you may
find that you prefer it this way.

The slew rate of the amplifier is about 15 Volts/uS under load , which is about 3 times faster
than the fastest signal you will ever see, and about 50 times faster than what you will be
listening to.  In and of itself, the slew rate is an unimportant factor when evaluating tube and
simple Mosfet designs.  It becomes more important with complex circuit topologies where
there is heavy dependence on feedback correction, but even then its importance has been
overstated.

The amplifier is powered by a toroidal transformer which charges .10 Farad capacitance.  This
unregulated supply feeds the output transistors only with a full power ripple of less than a volt.
The power draw of this system is constant regardless of the music playing through the
amplifier.  As such, it does not depend on a high quality AC outlet or special power cords,
since the dynamic performance does not create a variation in AC line draw.  If the AC line is
running low, the output stage will bias to a higher current level by way of compensation.

The amplifier is stable into any load impedance or reactance including a direct short, and will
deliver clean audio signal into 4 ohms at 600 watt peaks.  Into lower impedances it will deliver
approximately 12 amp peaks.

The Aleph 1.2 is impervious to electrostatic shock at the input and dead shorts at the output.
You can safely plug and unplug inputs and outputs while the amplifier is running.  (Do not try
this with other products).The Aleph 1.2 is protected from overheating by a 75 degree C.
thermostatic switch, and from internal failure by a slow-blow fuse.

The Aleph 1.2 is warranted by Pass Laboratories to meet performance specifications for 3
years from date of manufacture.  During that time, Pass Laboratories will provide free labor
and parts at the manufacturing site.  The warranty does not include damage due to misuse or
abuse or modified products and also does not include consequential damage.

Summary of Contents for Aleph 1.2

Page 1: ...Pass Laboratories Aleph 1 2 Owner s Manual Serial ...

Page 2: ...nts of loudspeakers Previous methods of loading the output stage have used networks consisting of resistors coils transformers and active current sources all of which offer an optimal load line based on a resistive load The Aleph 1 2 has a current source topology which optimizes performance for a wide range of impedance and reactance in the load improving all aspects of performance into real louds...

Page 3: ...rom the wall at all times and during idle operation nearly all of this energy will appear as heat on the heat sinks Good ventilation is vital to the proper operation of the amplifier It has been adjusted for optimal performance at room temperature but will work well between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit 10 to 33 Celsius You should leave at least 12 inches clearance on the sides and top The amplifie...

Page 4: ...ts are not equal and products with higher power wider bandwidth and lower distortion do not necessarily sound better Historically that amplifier offering the most power or the lowest IM distortion or the lowest THD or the highest slew rate or the lowest noise has not become a classic or even been more than a modest success For a long time there has been faith in the technical community that eventu...

Page 5: ...rtue of only changing the bias and the expectations of the experimenter As the bias is reduced the perception of stage depth and ambiance will generally decrease This perception of depth is influenced by the raw quantity of bias current If you continue to increase the bias current far beyond the operating point it appears that improvements are made with bias currents which are much greater than th...

Page 6: ...than the negative From this we see that air is phase sensitive As a result of its single ended nature the harmonic content of air is primarily 2nd order that is to say most of the distortion of a single tone is second harmonic The phase of this distortion reflects the higher positive pressure over the negative Air s transfer curve also shows also that it is monotonic which is to say its distortion...

Page 7: ...ain the degree of control and precision required to produce the range and subtlety required by music And so it is with single ended amplifiers Only one linear circuit topology delivers the appropriate characteristic and that is the single ended amplifier Single ended amplification only comes in pure Class A and is the least efficient form of power stage you can reasonably create typically idling a...

Page 8: ...performance they deliver in simple Class A circuits Bipolar designs on the market have between five and seven gain stages associated with the signal path but with tubes and Mosfets good objective specifications are achievable with only 2 or 3 gain devices in the signal path Readers of The Audio Amateur Magazine will be familiar with my Zen design which uses a Mosfet in a power amplifier which has ...

Page 9: ...imple topology which is a key part of the sound quality Other solid state amplifier designs have five to seven gain stages in the signal path in order to get enough gain to use feedback to provide adequate performance In this amplifier we get greater linearity by providing much more bias through two gain stages a differential input stage and the output transistors Mosfets provide the widest bandwi...

Page 10: ...and simple Mosfet designs It becomes more important with complex circuit topologies where there is heavy dependence on feedback correction but even then its importance has been overstated The amplifier is powered by a toroidal transformer which charges 10 Farad capacitance This unregulated supply feeds the output transistors only with a full power ripple of less than a volt The power draw of this ...

Page 11: ...00 watts 8 ohms 3 300 watts 4 ohms Input Impedance 10 Kohm unbalanced 25 Kohm balanced differential Damping factor 70 nominal Output Noise 800 uV unweighted DC offset 100 mv Power Consumption 500 watts Temperature 25 degrees C above ambient Dimensions 16 5 W x 16 5 D x 10 5 H Shipping Weight 120 lb PASS Pass Laboratories PO Box 219 24449 Foresthill Rd Foresthill CA 95631 tel 916 367 3690 fax 916 3...

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